Extrusion of Foods

There are two types of extrusion process: cold extrusion, which mixes and shapes foods such as biscuit dough and pasta without cooking them; and hot extrusion (or extrusion cooking).

Farmers' Choice

Helene Bie Lilleør, Ulrik Lund-Sørensen

Food security is an urgent international priority. However, agricultural extension methods that relied on imposing centrally-developed technological solutions have been ineffective, since small farmers in developing countries often cultivate marginal lands, working under constraints for which these...

Pumpkin Growing using Sandbar Cropping

This brief describes a way of growing crops on the sandbars, created by river deposits in Bangladesh, and how this can be used to increase crop production for marginalised famers.

Small Farmers, Big Change

David Wilson, Kirsty Wilson, Claire Harvey

Support for smallholder agriculture is seen as increasingly important, both to boost the food security and incomes of the rural poor and to provide food for urban populations. But to achieve scale in agricultural interventions, NGOs must move beyond a project-by-project approach and instead enable f...

Toddy and Palm Wine

Virtually any sugary plant sap can be processed into alcoholic drinks. The process is essentially fermentation of sugars making alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Sharing the Load

Lisa van Dijk, Joy C. Pritchard, Subir K. Pradhan, Kimberley L. Wells

Promoting the welfare of working animals is important not only for the sake of the animals themselves, but for the livelihoods of their owners. Sharing the Load aims to stimulate collective action among animal-owning communities to improve the health and husbandry of their draught and pack animals,...

Seed Multiplication of Improved Open-Pollinated Varieties

Community-based seed multiplication of open-pollinated varieties (OPV) can mitigate against hybrid seed unavailability and its soaring cost thereby increasing access to standard seed for communal areas, especially in drought prone areas.

Seeds and Synergies

Yiching Song, Ronnie Vernooy

Farmers and researchers too often live and work in different realities. Researchers breed plant hybrids in the laboratory that are successful only under ideal conditions, requiring just the right inputs of water, fertilizer, and pesticides. For resource-poor farmers, however, such conditions simply...

Tomato Production

Tomato production guidelines would be very beneficial to the aspiring tomato farmers who want to start their farming practices or the farmers who are already involved in tomato farming in Zimbabwe. One can also use it as a farming resource if the case applies to any other similar regions. The techni...

Paprika Production Technical Guidelines

These technical guidelines are meant for potential paprika producers and/or supporting agencies. They provide information on some of the requirements necessary for the establishment of paprika farming projects. Technical guidelines presented in this publication include: Requirements and key implemen...