Postharvest processing of cassava requires peeling as a unit operation, and it has been well documented that peeling is a major challenge of cassava processing. This study presents a recently developed cassava peeling machine made from locally available engineering materials. The machine has a capacity of 8 tonnes/day with the dual role of peeling and recycling of fruit water used in the peeling process for washing/mild pretreatment. The peeling machine utilizes an abrasive peeling surface inscribed with indented 1.2 mm stainless steel of 770 mm height with 2,450 mm diameter, a concrete based cavity, fruit water recovery tank, water pump, and the transmission system. The configuration resulted in careful removal of the tuber peels achieving > 90 per cent flesh recovery at an average rotational speed of 1,600 rpm < Nt <2,600 rpm. The average peeling efficiency of the machine was 58.6–85.75 per cent depending on the maturity, age, and variety of cassava. The cost of a single unit in Nigeria was estimated at US$1,230.

Abdulkadir, B.H. (2012) ‘Design and fabrication of a cassava peeling machine’, Journal of Engineering 2(6): 1–8.

Abdullahi, M.E., Aloko, D.F. and Mustapha, V.J. (2010) ‘Optimization of some operating parameters for steam peeling of cassava tubers’, International Journal of Chemical Technology Research 2(3): 1592–7.

Adetan, D.A, Adekoya, L.O. and Aluko, O.B. (2003) ‘Characterization of some properties of cassava root tubers’, Journal of Food Engineering 59: 349–53.

Adetan, D.A., Adekoya, L.O., Aluko, O.B. and Mankanjuola, G.A. (2005) ‘An experimental mechanical cassava tubers peeling machine’, Journal of Agriculture Engineering and Technology (JAET) 13(4): 67–9.

Adetan, D.A., Adekoya, L.O. and Aluko, O.B. (2006) ‘Theory of a mechanical method of peeling cassava tubers with knives’, International Journal of Agrophysics 20: 269–76.

Adetunji, O.R. and Quadri, A.H. (2011) ‘Design and fabrication of an improved cassava grater’, Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 12(2): 120–9.

Agbetoye, L.A.S, Ademosun, O.C., Ogunlowo, A.S., Olukunle, O.J., Fapetu, O.P. and Adesina, A. (2006) ‘Developing indigenous machinery for cassava processing and fruit juice production in Nigeria’, in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology, Entebbe, Uganda,16–19 July 2006, pp. 375–84, Elsevier, Oxford.

Akintunde, B.O., Oyawale, F.A. and Tunde-Akintunde, T.Y. (2005) ‘Design and fabrication of a cassava peeling machine’, Nigerian Food Journal 23: 1–8.

Ariavie, G.O. and Ohwovoriole, E.N. (2002) ‘Improved Ohwovoriole’s rotary cassava tuber peeling machine’, Nigerian Journal of Engineering Research and Development 1(2): 61–3.

Aro, S.O. (2008) ‘Improvements in the nutritive quality of cassava and its by-products through microbial fermentation’, African Journal of Biotechnology 7: 25–31.

Davies, R.M., Olatunji, M.O. and Burubai, W. (2008) ‘Mechanization of cassava processing in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria’, World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(3): 341–5.

Diop, A. (1998) Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics, Agro-Industries and Post-Harvest Management Service, Agricultural Support Systems Division, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy.

Egbeocha, C.C., Asoegwu, S.N. and Okereke, N.A.A. (2016) ‘A review on performance of cassava peeling machines in Nigeria’, Futo Journal Series (FUTOJNLS) 2(1): 140–68.

Enyabine, I.B. and Bassey, I. (2013) ‘Development, design and construction of a prototype abrasive drum cassava peeler and washing machine’, unpublished BEng thesis, Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria.

Ezekwe, G.O. (1976) ‘A feature for achieving a constant depth of peel in the mechanical peeling of cassava’, Nigeria Journal of Engineering 1(3): 174–81.

FAO (1983) Food Loss Prevention in Perishable Crops [online], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy <http://www.fao.org/3/s8620e/S8620E00.htm> [accessed 8 July 2020].

FAO (1998) ‘Processing of roots and tubers in the tropics’, in Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics [online], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy <http://www.fao.org/3/x5415e/x5415e00.htm> [accessed 8 July 2020].

FAOSTAT (2016) Statistical Data Base of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations [online], Rome, Italy <http://www.fao.org/statistics/en/> [accessed 5 July 2020].

Hall, A.S., Holowenko, A.R. and Herman, L.G. (1987) Theory and Problems of Machine Design, S.I. Edition Singapore, McGraw Hill International Book Company, Singapore.

Igbeka, J.C. (1985) ‘Storage practices of yam in Nigeria’, Journal of Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA), Tokyo 23(1): 45–50.

IITA (2006) IITA Annual Report [pdf], International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Croydon, UK <http://newint.iita.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Annual-Report-2006-full-version.pdf> [accessed 8 July 2020].

Jekayinfa, S.O. and Olajide, J.O. (2007) ‘Analysis of energy usage in the production of three selected cassava-based foods in Nigeria’, Journal of Food Engineering 82: 217–26.

Jimoh, M.O. (2014) ‘Effects of crop and machine parameters on the performance of an automated cassava peeling machine’, unpublished PhD thesis, Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Jimoh, M.O. and Olukunle, O.J. (2012) ‘An automated cassava peeling system for the enhancement of food security in Nigeria’, Journal of Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFST) 30(2): 73–9.

Jimoh, M.O., Olukunle, O.J. and Manuwa, S.I. (2016) ‘Modelling of cassava peeling performance using dimensional analysis’, Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 18(2): 360–7.

Khurmi, R.J and Gupta, J.K. (2005) A Textbook of Machine Design, Eurasia Publishing House, New Delhi.

Kolawole, O.P. and Agbetoye, L.A.S. (2007) ‘Engineering research to improve cassava processing technology’, International Journal of Food Engineering 6: 6–9.

Massaquoi, J.G.M., Sermana, J.D. and Korama, A.M. (1990) Technological Capability in Informal Food Processing: The Case Study of Rice and Cassava Processing, WATPS Programme Report, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

Naziri, D., Quaye, W., Siwoku, B., Wanlapatit, S., Viet Phu, T. and Bennett, B. (2014) ‘The diversity of postharvest losses in cassava value chains in selected developing countries’, Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 115: 111–23.

Ngoddy, P.O. (1989) ‘Processing and storage of cassava’, in Course Proceedings, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 10–23 April 1988, pp. 51–7, Dotam Publications Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Nwokedi, P.M. (1984) ‘Performance of a cassava peeling machine’, in E.R. Terry, E.V. Doku, O.B. Arene, and N.M. Mahungu (eds), Tropical Root Crops, Proceedings of the Second Triennial Symposium of the International Society of Tropical Root Crops–Africa Branch, Doula, Cameroon, 14–19 August 1983.

Odigboh, E.U. (1976) ‘A cassava peeling machine: development, design and construction’, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 21: 361–9.

Odigboh, E.U. (1983a) ‘Cassava production, processing and utilization’, in H.T. Chan Jr (ed.), Handbook of Tropical Foods, pp. 145–200, Marcel Decker Pub. Inc., New York.

Odigboh, E.U. (1983b) ‘Model III batch process cassava peeling machine’, presented at International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, Paper No: 88406.

Ohwovoriole, E.N., Oboli, S. and Mgbeke, A.C.C. (1988) ‘Studies and preliminary design for a cassava tuber peeling machine’, Transactions of the ASAE 31(2): 380–5.

Olukunle, O.J. (2005) ‘Development of cassava peeling machine’, in Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development: The Global Food and Product Chain-Dynamics, Innovation, Conflicts, Strategies, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, October 2005, pp. 11–13.

Olukunle, O.J. and Akinnuli, B.O. (2013) ‘Theory of an automated cassava peeling system’, International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJEIT) 2: 177–84.

Olukunle, O.J. and Jimoh, M.O. (2012) ‘Comparative analysis and performance evaluation of three cassava peeling machines’, International Research Journal of Engineering Science, Technology and Innovation (IRJESTI) 1(4): 94–102.

Olukunle, O.J., Ogunlowo, A.S. and Sanni, L. (2006) ‘The search for effective cassava peeler’, The West Indian Journal 32(2): 42–7.

Olukunle, O.J., Ogunlowo, A.S. and Sanni, L. (2010) ‘The search for effective cassava peeler’, The West Indian Journal 32(1&2): 42–7.

Oluwole, O.O. and Adio, M.A. (2013) ‘Design and construction of a batch cassava peeling machine’, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation 3(1): 16–21.

Oluwole, O.B., Olatunji, O. and Odunfa, S.A. (2004) ‘Process technology for conversion of dried cassava chips into gari’, Nigerian Food Journal 22: 66–77.

Oriola, K.O. and Raji, A.O. (2013) ‘Trends at mechanizing cassava postharvest processing operations’, International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3(9): 1–5.

Philippines Root Crops Information Service (PRCIS) (2006) Storing and Processing of Cassava for Food and Feed Uses, Philippines Root Crops Information Service VISCA, Bayhoy Leyte, Philippines.

Quaye, W., Gayin, J., Yawson, I. and Plahar, W.A. (2009) ‘Characteristics of various cassava processing methods and the adoption requirements in Ghana’, Journal of Root Crops 35(1): 59–68.

Radhakrishnaiah Setty, G., Vijayalakshmi, M.R. and Usha Devi, A. (1993) ‘Methods for peeling fruits and vegetables: a critical evaluation’, Journal of Food Science Technology 30(3): 155–62.

Sajeev, M.S., Sreekumar, J., Unnikrishnan, J., Moorthy, M.S.N. and Shanavas, S. (2009) ‘Kinetics of thermal softening of cassava tubers and rheological modeling of the starch’, Journal of Food Science and Technology 47(5): 507–18.

Sánchez, T., Dufour, D., Moreno, J., Pizarro, M., Aragón, I., Dominguez, M. and Ceballos, H. (2013) ‘Changes in extended shelf life of cassava roots during storage in ambient conditions’, Postharvest Biology and Technology 86: 520–8 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.07.014>.

Shirmohammadi, M., Yarlagadda, P., Kosse, V. and Gu, Y.T. (2012) ‘Study of mechanical deformations on tough-skinned vegetables during mechanical peeling process: a review’, Journal of Engineering Technology 1(1): 31–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1857_M350>.

Sowmyapriya, S., Kalarani, M.K., Jeyakumar, P., Arumugam, T., Kennedy, Z.J. and Velmurugan, M. (2017) ‘Assessment of biochemical changes during postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava tubers’, International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5(2): 732–9 <https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2514>.

Ugwu, K.C. and Ozioko, R.E. (2015) ‘Development and performance test of cassava peeling and mashing machine’, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 6(6): 1572–9.

Ukenna, R.U. and Okechukwu, V.J. (2014) ‘Development and modification of cassava peeling and washing machine’, BEng thesis, Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria.

Uthman, F. (2011) ‘Design and fabrication of cassava lump breaking and sieving machine’, Oasis Journal of Research and Development 1(2): 42–50.

Zainuddin, I.M., Fathoni, A., Sudarmonowati, E., Beeching, J.R., Gruissem, W. and Vanderschuren, H. (2018) ‘Cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration: from triggers to symptoms’, Postharvest Biology and Technology 142: 115–23 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2017.09.004>.

Abdulkadir, B.H. (2012) ‘Design and fabrication of a cassava peeling machine’, Journal of Engineering 2(6): 1–8.

Abdullahi, M.E., Aloko, D.F. and Mustapha, V.J. (2010) ‘Optimization of some operating parameters for steam peeling of cassava tubers’, International Journal of Chemical Technology Research 2(3): 1592–7.

Adetan, D.A, Adekoya, L.O. and Aluko, O.B. (2003) ‘Characterization of some properties of cassava root tubers’, Journal of Food Engineering 59: 349–53.

Adetan, D.A., Adekoya, L.O., Aluko, O.B. and Mankanjuola, G.A. (2005) ‘An experimental mechanical cassava tubers peeling machine’, Journal of Agriculture Engineering and Technology (JAET) 13(4): 67–9.

Adetan, D.A., Adekoya, L.O. and Aluko, O.B. (2006) ‘Theory of a mechanical method of peeling cassava tubers with knives’, International Journal of Agrophysics 20: 269–76.

Adetunji, O.R. and Quadri, A.H. (2011) ‘Design and fabrication of an improved cassava grater’, Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 12(2): 120–9.

Agbetoye, L.A.S, Ademosun, O.C., Ogunlowo, A.S., Olukunle, O.J., Fapetu, O.P. and Adesina, A. (2006) ‘Developing indigenous machinery for cassava processing and fruit juice production in Nigeria’, in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology, Entebbe, Uganda,16–19 July 2006, pp. 375–84, Elsevier, Oxford.

Akintunde, B.O., Oyawale, F.A. and Tunde-Akintunde, T.Y. (2005) ‘Design and fabrication of a cassava peeling machine’, Nigerian Food Journal 23: 1–8.

Ariavie, G.O. and Ohwovoriole, E.N. (2002) ‘Improved Ohwovoriole’s rotary cassava tuber peeling machine’, Nigerian Journal of Engineering Research and Development 1(2): 61–3.

Aro, S.O. (2008) ‘Improvements in the nutritive quality of cassava and its by-products through microbial fermentation’, African Journal of Biotechnology 7: 25–31.

Davies, R.M., Olatunji, M.O. and Burubai, W. (2008) ‘Mechanization of cassava processing in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria’, World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(3): 341–5.

Diop, A. (1998) Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics, Agro-Industries and Post-Harvest Management Service, Agricultural Support Systems Division, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy.

Egbeocha, C.C., Asoegwu, S.N. and Okereke, N.A.A. (2016) ‘A review on performance of cassava peeling machines in Nigeria’, Futo Journal Series (FUTOJNLS) 2(1): 140–68.

Enyabine, I.B. and Bassey, I. (2013) ‘Development, design and construction of a prototype abrasive drum cassava peeler and washing machine’, unpublished BEng thesis, Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria.

Ezekwe, G.O. (1976) ‘A feature for achieving a constant depth of peel in the mechanical peeling of cassava’, Nigeria Journal of Engineering 1(3): 174–81.

FAO (1983) Food Loss Prevention in Perishable Crops [online], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy <http://www.fao.org/3/s8620e/S8620E00.htm> [accessed 8 July 2020].

FAO (1998) ‘Processing of roots and tubers in the tropics’, in Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics [online], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy <http://www.fao.org/3/x5415e/x5415e00.htm> [accessed 8 July 2020].

FAOSTAT (2016) Statistical Data Base of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations [online], Rome, Italy <http://www.fao.org/statistics/en/> [accessed 5 July 2020].

Hall, A.S., Holowenko, A.R. and Herman, L.G. (1987) Theory and Problems of Machine Design, S.I. Edition Singapore, McGraw Hill International Book Company, Singapore.

Igbeka, J.C. (1985) ‘Storage practices of yam in Nigeria’, Journal of Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA), Tokyo 23(1): 45–50.

IITA (2006) IITA Annual Report [pdf], International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Croydon, UK <http://newint.iita.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Annual-Report-2006-full-version.pdf> [accessed 8 July 2020].

Jekayinfa, S.O. and Olajide, J.O. (2007) ‘Analysis of energy usage in the production of three selected cassava-based foods in Nigeria’, Journal of Food Engineering 82: 217–26.

Jimoh, M.O. (2014) ‘Effects of crop and machine parameters on the performance of an automated cassava peeling machine’, unpublished PhD thesis, Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Jimoh, M.O. and Olukunle, O.J. (2012) ‘An automated cassava peeling system for the enhancement of food security in Nigeria’, Journal of Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFST) 30(2): 73–9.

Jimoh, M.O., Olukunle, O.J. and Manuwa, S.I. (2016) ‘Modelling of cassava peeling performance using dimensional analysis’, Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 18(2): 360–7.

Khurmi, R.J and Gupta, J.K. (2005) A Textbook of Machine Design, Eurasia Publishing House, New Delhi.

Kolawole, O.P. and Agbetoye, L.A.S. (2007) ‘Engineering research to improve cassava processing technology’, International Journal of Food Engineering 6: 6–9.

Massaquoi, J.G.M., Sermana, J.D. and Korama, A.M. (1990) Technological Capability in Informal Food Processing: The Case Study of Rice and Cassava Processing, WATPS Programme Report, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

Naziri, D., Quaye, W., Siwoku, B., Wanlapatit, S., Viet Phu, T. and Bennett, B. (2014) ‘The diversity of postharvest losses in cassava value chains in selected developing countries’, Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 115: 111–23.

Ngoddy, P.O. (1989) ‘Processing and storage of cassava’, in Course Proceedings, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 10–23 April 1988, pp. 51–7, Dotam Publications Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Nwokedi, P.M. (1984) ‘Performance of a cassava peeling machine’, in E.R. Terry, E.V. Doku, O.B. Arene, and N.M. Mahungu (eds), Tropical Root Crops, Proceedings of the Second Triennial Symposium of the International Society of Tropical Root Crops–Africa Branch, Doula, Cameroon, 14–19 August 1983.

Odigboh, E.U. (1976) ‘A cassava peeling machine: development, design and construction’, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 21: 361–9.

Odigboh, E.U. (1983a) ‘Cassava production, processing and utilization’, in H.T. Chan Jr (ed.), Handbook of Tropical Foods, pp. 145–200, Marcel Decker Pub. Inc., New York.

Odigboh, E.U. (1983b) ‘Model III batch process cassava peeling machine’, presented at International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, Paper No: 88406.

Ohwovoriole, E.N., Oboli, S. and Mgbeke, A.C.C. (1988) ‘Studies and preliminary design for a cassava tuber peeling machine’, Transactions of the ASAE 31(2): 380–5.

Olukunle, O.J. (2005) ‘Development of cassava peeling machine’, in Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development: The Global Food and Product Chain-Dynamics, Innovation, Conflicts, Strategies, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, October 2005, pp. 11–13.

Olukunle, O.J. and Akinnuli, B.O. (2013) ‘Theory of an automated cassava peeling system’, International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJEIT) 2: 177–84.

Olukunle, O.J. and Jimoh, M.O. (2012) ‘Comparative analysis and performance evaluation of three cassava peeling machines’, International Research Journal of Engineering Science, Technology and Innovation (IRJESTI) 1(4): 94–102.

Olukunle, O.J., Ogunlowo, A.S. and Sanni, L. (2006) ‘The search for effective cassava peeler’, The West Indian Journal 32(2): 42–7.

Olukunle, O.J., Ogunlowo, A.S. and Sanni, L. (2010) ‘The search for effective cassava peeler’, The West Indian Journal 32(1&2): 42–7.

Oluwole, O.O. and Adio, M.A. (2013) ‘Design and construction of a batch cassava peeling machine’, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation 3(1): 16–21.

Oluwole, O.B., Olatunji, O. and Odunfa, S.A. (2004) ‘Process technology for conversion of dried cassava chips into gari’, Nigerian Food Journal 22: 66–77.

Oriola, K.O. and Raji, A.O. (2013) ‘Trends at mechanizing cassava postharvest processing operations’, International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3(9): 1–5.

Philippines Root Crops Information Service (PRCIS) (2006) Storing and Processing of Cassava for Food and Feed Uses, Philippines Root Crops Information Service VISCA, Bayhoy Leyte, Philippines.

Quaye, W., Gayin, J., Yawson, I. and Plahar, W.A. (2009) ‘Characteristics of various cassava processing methods and the adoption requirements in Ghana’, Journal of Root Crops 35(1): 59–68.

Radhakrishnaiah Setty, G., Vijayalakshmi, M.R. and Usha Devi, A. (1993) ‘Methods for peeling fruits and vegetables: a critical evaluation’, Journal of Food Science Technology 30(3): 155–62.

Sajeev, M.S., Sreekumar, J., Unnikrishnan, J., Moorthy, M.S.N. and Shanavas, S. (2009) ‘Kinetics of thermal softening of cassava tubers and rheological modeling of the starch’, Journal of Food Science and Technology 47(5): 507–18.

Sánchez, T., Dufour, D., Moreno, J., Pizarro, M., Aragón, I., Dominguez, M. and Ceballos, H. (2013) ‘Changes in extended shelf life of cassava roots during storage in ambient conditions’, Postharvest Biology and Technology 86: 520–8 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.07.014>.

Shirmohammadi, M., Yarlagadda, P., Kosse, V. and Gu, Y.T. (2012) ‘Study of mechanical deformations on tough-skinned vegetables during mechanical peeling process: a review’, Journal of Engineering Technology 1(1): 31–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1857_M350>.

Sowmyapriya, S., Kalarani, M.K., Jeyakumar, P., Arumugam, T., Kennedy, Z.J. and Velmurugan, M. (2017) ‘Assessment of biochemical changes during postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava tubers’, International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5(2): 732–9 <https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2514>.

Ugwu, K.C. and Ozioko, R.E. (2015) ‘Development and performance test of cassava peeling and mashing machine’, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 6(6): 1572–9.

Ukenna, R.U. and Okechukwu, V.J. (2014) ‘Development and modification of cassava peeling and washing machine’, BEng thesis, Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria.

Uthman, F. (2011) ‘Design and fabrication of cassava lump breaking and sieving machine’, Oasis Journal of Research and Development 1(2): 42–50.

Zainuddin, I.M., Fathoni, A., Sudarmonowati, E., Beeching, J.R., Gruissem, W. and Vanderschuren, H. (2018) ‘Cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration: from triggers to symptoms’, Postharvest Biology and Technology 142: 115–23 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2017.09.004>.