COVID-19, seed security and social differentiation: when it rains, it pours
Food security and seed security are closely linked, especially for poor smallholders in developing countries. The impacts of COVID-19 highlight the vulnerability of marginalized groups, and their exposure across multiple social and economic dimensions. Employing seed interventions as part of the COVID-19 recovery requires recognizing local social dynamics, or risks worsening the situation for the most disadvantaged.Almekinders, C., van der Burg, M. and Crane, T.A. (2010) ‘Strengthening the livelihood of the most vulnerable in rural communities. Participatory research and gender in the face of Climate Change’. Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University, Paper for the PRGA, June 2010, Cali, Colombia.
Barrett, C.B. (2020) ‘Actions now can curb food systems fallout from COVID-19’, Nature Food, 1: 319–320
Cleaver, F. (2005) ‘The inequality of social capital and the reproduction of chronic poverty’, World Development 33: 893–906.
Coomes, O.T., McGuire, S.J., Garine, E., Caillon, S., McKey, D., Demeulenaere, E., … and Emperaire, L. (2015) ‘Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions’, Food Policy 56: 41–50.
De Roo, N., Almekinders, C.J.M., Leeuwis, C. and Tefera, T. (2019) ‘Scaling modern technology or exclusion? The socio-political dynamics of accessing in malt barley innovation in two highland communities in Southern Ethiopia’, Agricultural Systems 174: 52–62.
FSC (Food Security Cluster) (2020) ‘Guidance for emergency seed interventions during the COVID Pandemic’, FSC [website] <https://fscluster.org/sites/default/files/documents/guidance_for_emergency_seed_interventions.pdf> [accessed 10 June 2020].
Kaijser, A. and Kronsell, A. (2014) ‘Climate change through the lens of intersectionality’, Environmental Politics 23 (3): 417–433
Kansiime, M.K. and Mastenbroek, A. (2016) ‘Enhancing resilience of farmer seed system to climate-induced stresses: Insights from a case study in West Nile region, Uganda’, Journal of Rural Studies 47: 220–230.
Lowder, S.K., Skoet, J. and Raney, T. (2016) ‘The number, size, and distribution of farms, smallholder farms, and family farms worldwide’, World Development 87: 16–29
McGuire, S.J. (2007) ‘Vulnerability in farmer seed systems: Farmer practices for coping with seed insecurity for sorghum in Eastern Ethiopia’, Economic Botany 61: 211–222.
McGuire, S.J. and Sperling, L. (2011) ‘Links between food security and seed security: facts and fiction that guide response’, Development in Practice 21 (4–5): 493–508.
McGuire, S.J. and Sperling, L. (2016) ‘Seed systems smallholder farmers use’, Food Security 8: 179–195
OECD (2020) ‘Policy response to COVID-19 in the seed sector. Tackling coronavirus (Covid-19): contributing to a global effort’ [Policy Brief], <https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=132_132622-ahipnwhwhw&title=Policy-responses-to-COVID-19-in-the-seed-sector> [accessed 29 May 2020].
Pircher, T., Almekinders, C.J.M. and Kamanga, B.C.G. (2013) ‘Participatory trials and farmers’ social realities: Understanding the adoption of legume technologies in a Malawian farmer community’, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 11 (3): 252–263.
SeedSystem.org (2020) COVID-19 and Seed Security [website], SeedSystem.org, <https://seedsystem.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COVID-19-and-Seed-Security-April-13-2020.pdf> [accessed 29 May 2020].
Shapland, P., van Paassen, A. and Almekinders, C.J.M. (in preparation) ‘The issue of elite capture in the perspective of mainstream development’.
Almekinders, C., van der Burg, M. and Crane, T.A. (2010) ‘Strengthening the livelihood of the most vulnerable in rural communities. Participatory research and gender in the face of Climate Change’. Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University, Paper for the PRGA, June 2010, Cali, Colombia.
Tadesse, Y., Almekinders, C.J.M., Schulte, R.P.O and Struik, P.C. (2016) ‘Tracing the seed: Seed diffusion of improved potato varieties through farmers’ networks in Chencha, Ethiopia’, Experimental Agriculture, 53(4), 481–491.
Barrett, C.B. (2020) ‘Actions now can curb food systems fallout from COVID-19’, Nature Food, 1: 319–320
Cleaver, F. (2005) ‘The inequality of social capital and the reproduction of chronic poverty’, World Development 33: 893–906.
Coomes, O.T., McGuire, S.J., Garine, E., Caillon, S., McKey, D., Demeulenaere, E., … and Emperaire, L. (2015) ‘Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions’, Food Policy 56: 41–50.
De Roo, N., Almekinders, C.J.M., Leeuwis, C. and Tefera, T. (2019) ‘Scaling modern technology or exclusion? The socio-political dynamics of accessing in malt barley innovation in two highland communities in Southern Ethiopia’, Agricultural Systems 174: 52–62.
FSC (Food Security Cluster) (2020) ‘Guidance for emergency seed interventions during the COVID Pandemic’, FSC [website] <https://fscluster.org/sites/default/files/documents/guidance_for_emergency_seed_interventions.pdf> [accessed 10 June 2020].
Kaijser, A. and Kronsell, A. (2014) ‘Climate change through the lens of intersectionality’, Environmental Politics 23 (3): 417–433
Kansiime, M.K. and Mastenbroek, A. (2016) ‘Enhancing resilience of farmer seed system to climate-induced stresses: Insights from a case study in West Nile region, Uganda’, Journal of Rural Studies 47: 220–230.
Lowder, S.K., Skoet, J. and Raney, T. (2016) ‘The number, size, and distribution of farms, smallholder farms, and family farms worldwide’, World Development 87: 16–29
McGuire, S.J. (2007) ‘Vulnerability in farmer seed systems: Farmer practices for coping with seed insecurity for sorghum in Eastern Ethiopia’, Economic Botany 61: 211–222.
McGuire, S.J. and Sperling, L. (2011) ‘Links between food security and seed security: facts and fiction that guide response’, Development in Practice 21 (4–5): 493–508.
McGuire, S.J. and Sperling, L. (2016) ‘Seed systems smallholder farmers use’, Food Security 8: 179–195
OECD (2020) ‘Policy response to COVID-19 in the seed sector. Tackling coronavirus (Covid-19): contributing to a global effort’ [Policy Brief], <https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=132_132622-ahipnwhwhw&title=Policy-responses-to-COVID-19-in-the-seed-sector> [accessed 29 May 2020].
Pircher, T., Almekinders, C.J.M. and Kamanga, B.C.G. (2013) ‘Participatory trials and farmers’ social realities: Understanding the adoption of legume technologies in a Malawian farmer community’, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 11 (3): 252–263.
SeedSystem.org (2020) COVID-19 and Seed Security [website], SeedSystem.org, <https://seedsystem.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COVID-19-and-Seed-Security-April-13-2020.pdf> [accessed 29 May 2020].
Shapland, P., van Paassen, A. and Almekinders, C.J.M. (in preparation) ‘The issue of elite capture in the perspective of mainstream development’.
Tadesse, Y., Almekinders, C.J.M., Schulte, R.P.O and Struik, P.C. (2016) ‘Tracing the seed: Seed diffusion of improved potato varieties through farmers’ networks in Chencha, Ethiopia’, Experimental Agriculture, 53(4), 481–491.
Almekinders, C., van der Burg, M. and Crane, T.A. (2010) ‘Strengthening the livelihood of the most vulnerable in rural communities. Participatory research and gender in the face of Climate Change’. Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University, Paper for the PRGA, June 2010, Cali, Colombia.
Barrett, C.B. (2020) ‘Actions now can curb food systems fallout from COVID-19’, Nature Food, 1: 319–320
Cleaver, F. (2005) ‘The inequality of social capital and the reproduction of chronic poverty’, World Development 33: 893–906.
Coomes, O.T., McGuire, S.J., Garine, E., Caillon, S., McKey, D., Demeulenaere, E., … and Emperaire, L. (2015) ‘Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions’, Food Policy 56: 41–50.
De Roo, N., Almekinders, C.J.M., Leeuwis, C. and Tefera, T. (2019) ‘Scaling modern technology or exclusion? The socio-political dynamics of accessing in malt barley innovation in two highland communities in Southern Ethiopia’, Agricultural Systems 174: 52–62.
FSC (Food Security Cluster) (2020) ‘Guidance for emergency seed interventions during the COVID Pandemic’, FSC [website] <https://fscluster.org/sites/default/files/documents/guidance_for_emergency_seed_interventions.pdf> [accessed 10 June 2020].
Kaijser, A. and Kronsell, A. (2014) ‘Climate change through the lens of intersectionality’, Environmental Politics 23 (3): 417–433
Kansiime, M.K. and Mastenbroek, A. (2016) ‘Enhancing resilience of farmer seed system to climate-induced stresses: Insights from a case study in West Nile region, Uganda’, Journal of Rural Studies 47: 220–230.
Lowder, S.K., Skoet, J. and Raney, T. (2016) ‘The number, size, and distribution of farms, smallholder farms, and family farms worldwide’, World Development 87: 16–29
McGuire, S.J. (2007) ‘Vulnerability in farmer seed systems: Farmer practices for coping with seed insecurity for sorghum in Eastern Ethiopia’, Economic Botany 61: 211–222.
McGuire, S.J. and Sperling, L. (2011) ‘Links between food security and seed security: facts and fiction that guide response’, Development in Practice 21 (4–5): 493–508.
McGuire, S.J. and Sperling, L. (2016) ‘Seed systems smallholder farmers use’, Food Security 8: 179–195
OECD (2020) ‘Policy response to COVID-19 in the seed sector. Tackling coronavirus (Covid-19): contributing to a global effort’ [Policy Brief], <https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=132_132622-ahipnwhwhw&title=Policy-responses-to-COVID-19-in-the-seed-sector> [accessed 29 May 2020].
Pircher, T., Almekinders, C.J.M. and Kamanga, B.C.G. (2013) ‘Participatory trials and farmers’ social realities: Understanding the adoption of legume technologies in a Malawian farmer community’, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 11 (3): 252–263.
SeedSystem.org (2020) COVID-19 and Seed Security [website], SeedSystem.org, <https://seedsystem.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COVID-19-and-Seed-Security-April-13-2020.pdf> [accessed 29 May 2020].
Shapland, P., van Paassen, A. and Almekinders, C.J.M. (in preparation) ‘The issue of elite capture in the perspective of mainstream development’.
Tadesse, Y., Almekinders, C.J.M., Schulte, R.P.O and Struik, P.C. (2016) ‘Tracing the seed: Seed diffusion of improved potato varieties through farmers’ networks in Chencha, Ethiopia’, Experimental Agriculture, 53(4), 481–491.
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