Use and adoption of mechanization in cassava farming has the potential to increase yield if combined well with good agronomic practices. Promotion of machines in Nigeria has been occurring since the early 1990s, however uptake remains a challenge. This research was aimed at determining the factors that affect cassava yield as well as extent of use of mechanization in cassava production. Both primary and secondary data on cassava mechanization in Nigeria was used. The research focused on beneficiaries of the Cassava Mechanization and Agro-processing Project (CAMAP) led by the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) which promotes full mechanization for cassava production; i.e. ploughing, harrowing, planting, spraying, and harvesting. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Multiple regression was used to determine the factors affecting cassava yield. The results showed a significant and positive influence of mechanization and good agronomic practices on the cassava yield. Project beneficiaries who used machines reported yields of 23–33 tonnes/hectare with non-beneficiaries reporting 4–11 tonnes/hectare. This translated into an income increase for farmers using machines for cassava production. This research recommends promotion of mechanization in Nigeria to enhance cassava production.

Abdoulaye, T., Abass, A., Maziya-Dixon, B., Tarawali, G., Okechukwu, R., Rusike, J., Alene, A., Manyong, V.M. and Ayedun, V. (2014) ‘Awareness and adoption of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies in Nigeria’, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 6(2): 67–75 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2013.006>.

Adewale, O., Abdoulaye, T., Manyong, V.M., Birol, E., Asare-Marfo, D., Kulakow, P. and Ilona, P. (2016) A Technical Review of Modern Cassava Technology Adoption in Nigeria (1985–2013): Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Bareja, B. (2016) ‘Environmental factors affecting plant growth and crop yield’, CropsReview.Com [online] <www.cropsreview.com/environmental-factors.html> [accessed May 2018].

de Ponti, T., Rijk, B. and van Ittersum, M.K. (2012) ‘The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture’, Agricultural Systems 108: 1–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004>.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2005) A Review of Cassava in Africa with Country Case Studies on Nigeria, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Benin [online], Rome: FAO <www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0154e/A0154E05.HTM> [accessed 9 February 2017].

FAOSTAT (2016) ‘Crops’ [online] <www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC> [accessed 6 February 2017].

Feder, G., Just, R.E. and Zilberman, D. (1985) ‘Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: a survey’, Economic Development and Cultural Change 33(2): 255–98.

Fermont, A.M., van Asten, P.J.A., Tittonell, P., van Wijk, M.T. and Giller, K.E. (2009) ‘Closing the cassava yield gap: an analysis from smallholder farms in East Africa’, Field Crops Research 112(1): 24–36 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.009>.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) Nigeria (2011), ‘National Policy on Agricultural Mechanization Development’, Draft, May 2011.

Hahn, S.K. and Keyser J. (1985) ‘Cassava: a basic food of Africa’, Outlook on Agriculture 14(2): 95–9.

Howeler, R.H., Lutaladio, N. and Thomas, G. (2013) Save and Grow: Cassava: A Guide to Sustainable Production Intensification, Rome: FAO.

Kawasaki, K. and Lichtenberg, E. (2015) ‘Quality versus quantity effects of pesticides: joint estimation of quality grade and crop yield’, in 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, 26–28 July, San Francisco, California [pdf], Agricultural and Applied Economics Association & Western Agricultural Economics Association <http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/204848/2/Quality%20versus%20Quantity%20Effects%20of%20Pesticides%20Joint%20Estimation%20of%20Quality%20Grade%20and%20Crop%20Yield%20AAEA%20150515%20AgEcon%20Search.pdf> [accessed 27 February 2017].

Latif, S. and Müller, J. (2015) ‘Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: a review’, Trends in Food Science & Technology 44(2): 147–58 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.04.006>.

Mvodo, E., Meyo, S. and Liang, D. (2012) ‘Cassava sector development in Cameroon: production and marketing factors affecting price’, Agricultural Sciences 3(5): 651–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.35078>.

Nweke, F.I. (2004) New Challenges in the Cassava Transformation in Nigeria and Ghana, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Nweke, F., Nweke, F.I., Lynam, J.K. and Spencer, D.S.C. (2002) The Cassava Transformation [pdf], East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press <https://muse.jhu.edu/book/8942> [accessed 8 February 2017].

Obasi, P.C., Henri-Ukoha, A., Ukewuihe, I.S. and Chidiebere-Mark, N.M. (2013) ‘Factors affecting agricultural productivity among arable crop farmers in Imo State, Nigeria’, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3(2): 443–54.

Ogundari, K. and Ojo, S.O. (2006) ‘An examination of technical, economic and allocative efficiency of small farms: the case study of cassava farmers in Osun State of Nigeria’, Journal of Central European Agriculture 7(3): 423–32.

Oni, F.C. and Eneh, M.C.C. (2004) ‘Strategies for reducing the cost of production and processing of cassava’, in Facilitation and Sensitization Workshop for Cassava Producing States under the Presidential Initiatives on Cassava Production and Export, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria 8–12 November 2004.

Oni, K.C. and Oyelade, O.A. (2013) ‘Mechanization of production and processing of cassava for value addition in Nigeria’, in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Kansas City, Missouri, 21–24 July 2013, p. 1 <https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=43366>

Taiwo, K.A. (2006) ‘Utilization potentials of cassava in Nigeria: the domestic and industrial products’, Food Reviews International 22(1): 29–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559120500379787>.

Takeshima, H., Nin-Pratt, A. and Diao, X. (2013) ‘Mechanization and agricultural technology evolution, agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa: typology of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 95: 1230–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat045>.

Thresh, J.M., Fargette, D. and Otim-Nape, G.W. (1994) ‘Effects of African Cassava Mosaic Geminivirus on the yield of cassava’, Tropical Science-London 34: 26.

Tonukari, N.J. (2004) ‘Cassava and the future of starch’, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 7(1): 5–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-34582004000100003>.

Ugwu, B. (1996) ‘Increasing cassava production in Nigeria and prospects for sustaining the trend’, Outlook on Agriculture 25(3): 179–85 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500307>.

World Bank (2011) World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, World Bank <http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8810-5> [accessed 10 February 2018].

Abdoulaye, T., Abass, A., Maziya-Dixon, B., Tarawali, G., Okechukwu, R., Rusike, J., Alene, A., Manyong, V.M. and Ayedun, V. (2014) ‘Awareness and adoption of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies in Nigeria’, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 6(2): 67–75 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2013.006>.

Adewale, O., Abdoulaye, T., Manyong, V.M., Birol, E., Asare-Marfo, D., Kulakow, P. and Ilona, P. (2016) A Technical Review of Modern Cassava Technology Adoption in Nigeria (1985–2013): Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Bareja, B. (2016) ‘Environmental factors affecting plant growth and crop yield’, CropsReview.Com [online] <www.cropsreview.com/environmental-factors.html> [accessed May 2018].

de Ponti, T., Rijk, B. and van Ittersum, M.K. (2012) ‘The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture’, Agricultural Systems 108: 1–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004>.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2005) A Review of Cassava in Africa with Country Case Studies on Nigeria, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Benin [online], Rome: FAO <www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0154e/A0154E05.HTM> [accessed 9 February 2017].

FAOSTAT (2016) ‘Crops’ [online] <www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC> [accessed 6 February 2017].

Feder, G., Just, R.E. and Zilberman, D. (1985) ‘Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: a survey’, Economic Development and Cultural Change 33(2): 255–98.

Fermont, A.M., van Asten, P.J.A., Tittonell, P., van Wijk, M.T. and Giller, K.E. (2009) ‘Closing the cassava yield gap: an analysis from smallholder farms in East Africa’, Field Crops Research 112(1): 24–36 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.009>.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) Nigeria (2011), ‘National Policy on Agricultural Mechanization Development’, Draft, May 2011.

Hahn, S.K. and Keyser J. (1985) ‘Cassava: a basic food of Africa’, Outlook on Agriculture 14(2): 95–9.

Howeler, R.H., Lutaladio, N. and Thomas, G. (2013) Save and Grow: Cassava: A Guide to Sustainable Production Intensification, Rome: FAO.

Kawasaki, K. and Lichtenberg, E. (2015) ‘Quality versus quantity effects of pesticides: joint estimation of quality grade and crop yield’, in 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, 26–28 July, San Francisco, California [pdf], Agricultural and Applied Economics Association & Western Agricultural Economics Association <http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/204848/2/Quality%20versus%20Quantity%20Effects%20of%20Pesticides%20Joint%20Estimation%20of%20Quality%20Grade%20and%20Crop%20Yield%20AAEA%20150515%20AgEcon%20Search.pdf> [accessed 27 February 2017].

Latif, S. and Müller, J. (2015) ‘Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: a review’, Trends in Food Science & Technology 44(2): 147–58 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.04.006>.

Mvodo, E., Meyo, S. and Liang, D. (2012) ‘Cassava sector development in Cameroon: production and marketing factors affecting price’, Agricultural Sciences 3(5): 651–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.35078>.

Nweke, F.I. (2004) New Challenges in the Cassava Transformation in Nigeria and Ghana, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Nweke, F., Nweke, F.I., Lynam, J.K. and Spencer, D.S.C. (2002) The Cassava Transformation [pdf], East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press <https://muse.jhu.edu/book/8942> [accessed 8 February 2017].

Obasi, P.C., Henri-Ukoha, A., Ukewuihe, I.S. and Chidiebere-Mark, N.M. (2013) ‘Factors affecting agricultural productivity among arable crop farmers in Imo State, Nigeria’, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3(2): 443–54.

Ogundari, K. and Ojo, S.O. (2006) ‘An examination of technical, economic and allocative efficiency of small farms: the case study of cassava farmers in Osun State of Nigeria’, Journal of Central European Agriculture 7(3): 423–32.

Oni, F.C. and Eneh, M.C.C. (2004) ‘Strategies for reducing the cost of production and processing of cassava’, in Facilitation and Sensitization Workshop for Cassava Producing States under the Presidential Initiatives on Cassava Production and Export, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria 8–12 November 2004.

Oni, K.C. and Oyelade, O.A. (2013) ‘Mechanization of production and processing of cassava for value addition in Nigeria’, in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Kansas City, Missouri, 21–24 July 2013, p. 1 <https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=43366>

Taiwo, K.A. (2006) ‘Utilization potentials of cassava in Nigeria: the domestic and industrial products’, Food Reviews International 22(1): 29–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559120500379787>.

Takeshima, H., Nin-Pratt, A. and Diao, X. (2013) ‘Mechanization and agricultural technology evolution, agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa: typology of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 95: 1230–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat045>.

Thresh, J.M., Fargette, D. and Otim-Nape, G.W. (1994) ‘Effects of African Cassava Mosaic Geminivirus on the yield of cassava’, Tropical Science-London 34: 26.

Tonukari, N.J. (2004) ‘Cassava and the future of starch’, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 7(1): 5–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-34582004000100003>.

Ugwu, B. (1996) ‘Increasing cassava production in Nigeria and prospects for sustaining the trend’, Outlook on Agriculture 25(3): 179–85 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500307>.

World Bank (2011) World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, World Bank <http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8810-5> [accessed 10 February 2018].

Abdoulaye, T., Abass, A., Maziya-Dixon, B., Tarawali, G., Okechukwu, R., Rusike, J., Alene, A., Manyong, V.M. and Ayedun, V. (2014) ‘Awareness and adoption of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies in Nigeria’, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 6(2): 67–75 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2013.006>.

Adewale, O., Abdoulaye, T., Manyong, V.M., Birol, E., Asare-Marfo, D., Kulakow, P. and Ilona, P. (2016) A Technical Review of Modern Cassava Technology Adoption in Nigeria (1985–2013): Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Bareja, B. (2016) ‘Environmental factors affecting plant growth and crop yield’, CropsReview.Com [online] <www.cropsreview.com/environmental-factors.html> [accessed May 2018].

de Ponti, T., Rijk, B. and van Ittersum, M.K. (2012) ‘The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture’, Agricultural Systems 108: 1–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004>.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2005) A Review of Cassava in Africa with Country Case Studies on Nigeria, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Benin [online], Rome: FAO <www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0154e/A0154E05.HTM> [accessed 9 February 2017].

FAOSTAT (2016) ‘Crops’ [online] <www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC> [accessed 6 February 2017].

Feder, G., Just, R.E. and Zilberman, D. (1985) ‘Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: a survey’, Economic Development and Cultural Change 33(2): 255–98.

Fermont, A.M., van Asten, P.J.A., Tittonell, P., van Wijk, M.T. and Giller, K.E. (2009) ‘Closing the cassava yield gap: an analysis from smallholder farms in East Africa’, Field Crops Research 112(1): 24–36 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.009>.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) Nigeria (2011), ‘National Policy on Agricultural Mechanization Development’, Draft, May 2011.

Hahn, S.K. and Keyser J. (1985) ‘Cassava: a basic food of Africa’, Outlook on Agriculture 14(2): 95–9.

Howeler, R.H., Lutaladio, N. and Thomas, G. (2013) Save and Grow: Cassava: A Guide to Sustainable Production Intensification, Rome: FAO.

Kawasaki, K. and Lichtenberg, E. (2015) ‘Quality versus quantity effects of pesticides: joint estimation of quality grade and crop yield’, in 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, 26–28 July, San Francisco, California [pdf], Agricultural and Applied Economics Association & Western Agricultural Economics Association <http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/204848/2/Quality%20versus%20Quantity%20Effects%20of%20Pesticides%20Joint%20Estimation%20of%20Quality%20Grade%20and%20Crop%20Yield%20AAEA%20150515%20AgEcon%20Search.pdf> [accessed 27 February 2017].

Latif, S. and Müller, J. (2015) ‘Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: a review’, Trends in Food Science & Technology 44(2): 147–58 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.04.006>.

Mvodo, E., Meyo, S. and Liang, D. (2012) ‘Cassava sector development in Cameroon: production and marketing factors affecting price’, Agricultural Sciences 3(5): 651–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.35078>.

Nweke, F.I. (2004) New Challenges in the Cassava Transformation in Nigeria and Ghana, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Nweke, F., Nweke, F.I., Lynam, J.K. and Spencer, D.S.C. (2002) The Cassava Transformation [pdf], East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press <https://muse.jhu.edu/book/8942> [accessed 8 February 2017].

Obasi, P.C., Henri-Ukoha, A., Ukewuihe, I.S. and Chidiebere-Mark, N.M. (2013) ‘Factors affecting agricultural productivity among arable crop farmers in Imo State, Nigeria’, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3(2): 443–54.

Ogundari, K. and Ojo, S.O. (2006) ‘An examination of technical, economic and allocative efficiency of small farms: the case study of cassava farmers in Osun State of Nigeria’, Journal of Central European Agriculture 7(3): 423–32.

Oni, F.C. and Eneh, M.C.C. (2004) ‘Strategies for reducing the cost of production and processing of cassava’, in Facilitation and Sensitization Workshop for Cassava Producing States under the Presidential Initiatives on Cassava Production and Export, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria 8–12 November 2004.

Oni, K.C. and Oyelade, O.A. (2013) ‘Mechanization of production and processing of cassava for value addition in Nigeria’, in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Kansas City, Missouri, 21–24 July 2013, p. 1 <https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=43366>

Taiwo, K.A. (2006) ‘Utilization potentials of cassava in Nigeria: the domestic and industrial products’, Food Reviews International 22(1): 29–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559120500379787>.

Takeshima, H., Nin-Pratt, A. and Diao, X. (2013) ‘Mechanization and agricultural technology evolution, agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa: typology of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 95: 1230–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat045>.

Thresh, J.M., Fargette, D. and Otim-Nape, G.W. (1994) ‘Effects of African Cassava Mosaic Geminivirus on the yield of cassava’, Tropical Science-London 34: 26.

Tonukari, N.J. (2004) ‘Cassava and the future of starch’, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 7(1): 5–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-34582004000100003>.

Ugwu, B. (1996) ‘Increasing cassava production in Nigeria and prospects for sustaining the trend’, Outlook on Agriculture 25(3): 179–85 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500307>.

World Bank (2011) World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, World Bank <http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8810-5> [accessed 10 February 2018].

Abdoulaye, T., Abass, A., Maziya-Dixon, B., Tarawali, G., Okechukwu, R., Rusike, J., Alene, A., Manyong, V.M. and Ayedun, V. (2014) ‘Awareness and adoption of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies in Nigeria’, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 6(2): 67–75 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2013.006>.

Adewale, O., Abdoulaye, T., Manyong, V.M., Birol, E., Asare-Marfo, D., Kulakow, P. and Ilona, P. (2016) A Technical Review of Modern Cassava Technology Adoption in Nigeria (1985–2013): Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Bareja, B. (2016) ‘Environmental factors affecting plant growth and crop yield’, CropsReview.Com [online] <www.cropsreview.com/environmental-factors.html> [accessed May 2018].

de Ponti, T., Rijk, B. and van Ittersum, M.K. (2012) ‘The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture’, Agricultural Systems 108: 1–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004>.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2005) A Review of Cassava in Africa with Country Case Studies on Nigeria, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Benin [online], Rome: FAO <www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0154e/A0154E05.HTM> [accessed 9 February 2017].

FAOSTAT (2016) ‘Crops’ [online] <www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC> [accessed 6 February 2017].

Feder, G., Just, R.E. and Zilberman, D. (1985) ‘Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: a survey’, Economic Development and Cultural Change 33(2): 255–98.

Fermont, A.M., van Asten, P.J.A., Tittonell, P., van Wijk, M.T. and Giller, K.E. (2009) ‘Closing the cassava yield gap: an analysis from smallholder farms in East Africa’, Field Crops Research 112(1): 24–36 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.01.009>.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) Nigeria (2011), ‘National Policy on Agricultural Mechanization Development’, Draft, May 2011.

Hahn, S.K. and Keyser J. (1985) ‘Cassava: a basic food of Africa’, Outlook on Agriculture 14(2): 95–9.

Howeler, R.H., Lutaladio, N. and Thomas, G. (2013) Save and Grow: Cassava: A Guide to Sustainable Production Intensification, Rome: FAO.

Kawasaki, K. and Lichtenberg, E. (2015) ‘Quality versus quantity effects of pesticides: joint estimation of quality grade and crop yield’, in 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, 26–28 July, San Francisco, California [pdf], Agricultural and Applied Economics Association & Western Agricultural Economics Association <http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/204848/2/Quality%20versus%20Quantity%20Effects%20of%20Pesticides%20Joint%20Estimation%20of%20Quality%20Grade%20and%20Crop%20Yield%20AAEA%20150515%20AgEcon%20Search.pdf> [accessed 27 February 2017].

Latif, S. and Müller, J. (2015) ‘Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: a review’, Trends in Food Science & Technology 44(2): 147–58 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.04.006>.

Mvodo, E., Meyo, S. and Liang, D. (2012) ‘Cassava sector development in Cameroon: production and marketing factors affecting price’, Agricultural Sciences 3(5): 651–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.35078>.

Nweke, F.I. (2004) New Challenges in the Cassava Transformation in Nigeria and Ghana, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Nweke, F., Nweke, F.I., Lynam, J.K. and Spencer, D.S.C. (2002) The Cassava Transformation [pdf], East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press <https://muse.jhu.edu/book/8942> [accessed 8 February 2017].

Obasi, P.C., Henri-Ukoha, A., Ukewuihe, I.S. and Chidiebere-Mark, N.M. (2013) ‘Factors affecting agricultural productivity among arable crop farmers in Imo State, Nigeria’, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3(2): 443–54.

Ogundari, K. and Ojo, S.O. (2006) ‘An examination of technical, economic and allocative efficiency of small farms: the case study of cassava farmers in Osun State of Nigeria’, Journal of Central European Agriculture 7(3): 423–32.

Oni, F.C. and Eneh, M.C.C. (2004) ‘Strategies for reducing the cost of production and processing of cassava’, in Facilitation and Sensitization Workshop for Cassava Producing States under the Presidential Initiatives on Cassava Production and Export, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria 8–12 November 2004.

Oni, K.C. and Oyelade, O.A. (2013) ‘Mechanization of production and processing of cassava for value addition in Nigeria’, in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Kansas City, Missouri, 21–24 July 2013, p. 1 <https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=43366>

Taiwo, K.A. (2006) ‘Utilization potentials of cassava in Nigeria: the domestic and industrial products’, Food Reviews International 22(1): 29–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559120500379787>.

Takeshima, H., Nin-Pratt, A. and Diao, X. (2013) ‘Mechanization and agricultural technology evolution, agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa: typology of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 95: 1230–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat045>.

Thresh, J.M., Fargette, D. and Otim-Nape, G.W. (1994) ‘Effects of African Cassava Mosaic Geminivirus on the yield of cassava’, Tropical Science-London 34: 26.

Tonukari, N.J. (2004) ‘Cassava and the future of starch’, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 7(1): 5–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-34582004000100003>.

Ugwu, B. (1996) ‘Increasing cassava production in Nigeria and prospects for sustaining the trend’, Outlook on Agriculture 25(3): 179–85 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500307>.

World Bank (2011) World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development, World Bank <http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8810-5> [accessed 10 February 2018].