Facilitating the dairy market system in Nepal: A participatory approach
This paper presents the experiences of Practical Action's use of Participatory Market Mapping Workshops (PMMWs) to facilitate a process that allows marginalized dairy farmers in Nepal to gain access to more functional markets, sell their milk, increase their incomes, and help create a more favourable business environment. It illustrates how these achievements have resulted from Practical Action working as a facilitator with market actors to build common and shared understanding of the market system and nurture increased levels of confidence, trust, and influence. Using a visual representation of the market system — the Market Map — facilitators in the field use PMMWs to bring public and private market actors together to identify and discuss blockages and opportunities for increased coordination and collaboration. For the participatory market mapping process to unlock the resources and creativity of public and private market actors, several conditions must be met. This paper gathers and analyses experiences, challenges, tips, and insights from PMMWs conducted in the dairy sector in Nepal, accompanied by an explanation of the principles on which Practical Action's approach is based: systemic thinking, participation, and facilitation.ACDI/VOCA (undated) Participatory Approaches to Value Chain Development, USAID Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project (AMAP) Briefing Paper, ACDI/VOCA, USAID, Washington D.C.
Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory marketchain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17.2: 12-22.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: Useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 154-169.
Bekkers, H., Miehlbradt, A. and Roggekamp, P. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: Experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 120-136.
Boquiren, M. and Idrovo, I. (2008) Facilitating Behaviour Change and Transforming Relationships: Field Application of Key Value Chain Principles, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#141, USAID, Washington D.C.
Brown, C., Fowler, B., Jeans, A., Osorio, L.E. and Snelgrove, A. (2010) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation with a Focus on Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Discussion Paper, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
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Gerstle, T., Elisberg, J. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) ‘State of the Practice in Market Facilitation’, Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Conference Synthesis, 29 September-3 October 2008, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
Griffith, A. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) Participatory Market System Development: Best Practices in Implementation of Value Chain Development Programs, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#149, USAID, Washington D.C.
Jones, L. and Miehlbradt, A. (2009) ‘A 20/20 retrospective on enterprise development: In search of impact, scale and sustainability’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20.4: 304-22.
Khadka, D. (2009) Interviews: Comments and Recommendations for PMMWs, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Lusby, F. and Panlibuton, H. (2007) Value Chain Program Design: Promoting Market-based Solutions for MSME and Industry Competitiveness, Action for Enterprise (AFE), Arlington, VA.
MaFI (Market Facilitation Initiative) (2011) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation Specifically for Agricultural Knowledge and Information Services (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Synthesis of Online Discussion, 23-25 March 2010, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
MASF (Market Access for Smallholder Farmers) (2010) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Brochure, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
MASF (2011) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Mid Term Evaluation Survey Report, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Microlinks (undated) Microenterprise Learning Information and Knowledge Sharing: Knowledge-Driven International Development [website], <microlinks.kdid.org≯ [accessed 2 July 2011]. microlinks.kdid.org
Practical Action (2005) 40 Years of Practical Action: A Timeline [website], Practical Action, Rugby, <http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf≯ [accessed 1 July 2011]. http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf
Practical Action (2009) Markets and Livelihoods Programme Strategy 2007-2012, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Practical Action (undated) (1) Learning Spotlight on Interest Forums: Critical Factors for Facilitation and Sustainability [website], <http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf≯ [accessed 22 June 2011]. http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf
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Ramalingam, B., Jones, H., Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implication for Development and Humanitarian Efforts, Working Paper 285, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London.
Springfield Centre (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Department for International Development (DFID) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Springfield Centre, Durham, UK.
ACDI/VOCA (undated) Participatory Approaches to Value Chain Development, USAID Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project (AMAP) Briefing Paper, ACDI/VOCA, USAID, Washington D.C.
Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory marketchain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17.2: 12-22.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: Useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 154-169.
Bekkers, H., Miehlbradt, A. and Roggekamp, P. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: Experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 120-136.
Boquiren, M. and Idrovo, I. (2008) Facilitating Behaviour Change and Transforming Relationships: Field Application of Key Value Chain Principles, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#141, USAID, Washington D.C.
Brown, C., Fowler, B., Jeans, A., Osorio, L.E. and Snelgrove, A. (2010) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation with a Focus on Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Discussion Paper, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
FAOSTAT (2011) 2008 PopSTAT for Total Population, Rural Population and Agricultural Population in Least Developed Countries [website], The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, <http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx≯ [accessed 1 July 2011]. http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx
Gerstle, T., Elisberg, J. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) ‘State of the Practice in Market Facilitation’, Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Conference Synthesis, 29 September-3 October 2008, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
Griffith, A. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) Participatory Market System Development: Best Practices in Implementation of Value Chain Development Programs, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#149, USAID, Washington D.C.
Jones, L. and Miehlbradt, A. (2009) ‘A 20/20 retrospective on enterprise development: In search of impact, scale and sustainability’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20.4: 304-22.
Khadka, D. (2009) Interviews: Comments and Recommendations for PMMWs, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Lusby, F. and Panlibuton, H. (2007) Value Chain Program Design: Promoting Market-based Solutions for MSME and Industry Competitiveness, Action for Enterprise (AFE), Arlington, VA.
MaFI (Market Facilitation Initiative) (2011) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation Specifically for Agricultural Knowledge and Information Services (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Synthesis of Online Discussion, 23-25 March 2010, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
MASF (Market Access for Smallholder Farmers) (2010) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Brochure, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
MASF (2011) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Mid Term Evaluation Survey Report, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Microlinks (undated) Microenterprise Learning Information and Knowledge Sharing: Knowledge-Driven International Development [website], <microlinks.kdid.org≯ [accessed 2 July 2011]. microlinks.kdid.org
Practical Action (2005) 40 Years of Practical Action: A Timeline [website], Practical Action, Rugby, <http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf≯ [accessed 1 July 2011]. http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf
Practical Action (2009) Markets and Livelihoods Programme Strategy 2007-2012, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Practical Action (undated) (1) Learning Spotlight on Interest Forums: Critical Factors for Facilitation and Sustainability [website], <http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf≯ [accessed 22 June 2011]. http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf
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Ramalingam, B., Jones, H., Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implication for Development and Humanitarian Efforts, Working Paper 285, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London.
Springfield Centre (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Department for International Development (DFID) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Springfield Centre, Durham, UK.
ACDI/VOCA (undated) Participatory Approaches to Value Chain Development, USAID Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project (AMAP) Briefing Paper, ACDI/VOCA, USAID, Washington D.C.
Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory marketchain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17.2: 12-22.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: Useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 154-169.
Bekkers, H., Miehlbradt, A. and Roggekamp, P. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: Experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 120-136.
Boquiren, M. and Idrovo, I. (2008) Facilitating Behaviour Change and Transforming Relationships: Field Application of Key Value Chain Principles, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#141, USAID, Washington D.C.
Brown, C., Fowler, B., Jeans, A., Osorio, L.E. and Snelgrove, A. (2010) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation with a Focus on Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Discussion Paper, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
FAOSTAT (2011) 2008 PopSTAT for Total Population, Rural Population and Agricultural Population in Least Developed Countries [website], The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, <http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx≯ [accessed 1 July 2011]. http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx
Gerstle, T., Elisberg, J. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) ‘State of the Practice in Market Facilitation’, Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Conference Synthesis, 29 September-3 October 2008, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
Griffith, A. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) Participatory Market System Development: Best Practices in Implementation of Value Chain Development Programs, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#149, USAID, Washington D.C.
Jones, L. and Miehlbradt, A. (2009) ‘A 20/20 retrospective on enterprise development: In search of impact, scale and sustainability’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20.4: 304-22.
Khadka, D. (2009) Interviews: Comments and Recommendations for PMMWs, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Lusby, F. and Panlibuton, H. (2007) Value Chain Program Design: Promoting Market-based Solutions for MSME and Industry Competitiveness, Action for Enterprise (AFE), Arlington, VA.
MaFI (Market Facilitation Initiative) (2011) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation Specifically for Agricultural Knowledge and Information Services (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Synthesis of Online Discussion, 23-25 March 2010, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
MASF (Market Access for Smallholder Farmers) (2010) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Brochure, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
MASF (2011) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Mid Term Evaluation Survey Report, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Microlinks (undated) Microenterprise Learning Information and Knowledge Sharing: Knowledge-Driven International Development [website], <microlinks.kdid.org≯ [accessed 2 July 2011]. microlinks.kdid.org
Practical Action (2005) 40 Years of Practical Action: A Timeline [website], Practical Action, Rugby, <http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf≯ [accessed 1 July 2011]. http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf
Practical Action (2009) Markets and Livelihoods Programme Strategy 2007-2012, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Practical Action (undated) (1) Learning Spotlight on Interest Forums: Critical Factors for Facilitation and Sustainability [website], <http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf≯ [accessed 22 June 2011]. http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf
Practical Action (undated) (3) Relationship Matrix: A Tool to Monitor Changes in Relationships between Market Actors -Lessons and Recommendations from Bangladesh [website], <http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/r/e/4d92804d-f15c-4-c47-9e59-14542e33baf9.pdf≯ [accessed 22 June 2011]. http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/r/e/4d92804d-f15c-4-c47-9e59-14542e33baf9.pdf
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Ramalingam, B., Jones, H., Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implication for Development and Humanitarian Efforts, Working Paper 285, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London.
Springfield Centre (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Department for International Development (DFID) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Springfield Centre, Durham, UK.
ACDI/VOCA (undated) Participatory Approaches to Value Chain Development, USAID Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project (AMAP) Briefing Paper, ACDI/VOCA, USAID, Washington D.C.
Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory marketchain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17.2: 12-22.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: Useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 154-169.
Bekkers, H., Miehlbradt, A. and Roggekamp, P. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: Experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2), 120-136.
Boquiren, M. and Idrovo, I. (2008) Facilitating Behaviour Change and Transforming Relationships: Field Application of Key Value Chain Principles, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#141, USAID, Washington D.C.
Brown, C., Fowler, B., Jeans, A., Osorio, L.E. and Snelgrove, A. (2010) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation with a Focus on Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Discussion Paper, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
FAOSTAT (2011) 2008 PopSTAT for Total Population, Rural Population and Agricultural Population in Least Developed Countries [website], The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, <http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx≯ [accessed 1 July 2011]. http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx
Gerstle, T., Elisberg, J. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) ‘State of the Practice in Market Facilitation’, Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Conference Synthesis, 29 September-3 October 2008, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
Griffith, A. and Osorio, L.E. (2008) Participatory Market System Development: Best Practices in Implementation of Value Chain Development Programs, USAID and ACDI/VOCA Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project microREPORT#149, USAID, Washington D.C.
Jones, L. and Miehlbradt, A. (2009) ‘A 20/20 retrospective on enterprise development: In search of impact, scale and sustainability’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20.4: 304-22.
Khadka, D. (2009) Interviews: Comments and Recommendations for PMMWs, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Lusby, F. and Panlibuton, H. (2007) Value Chain Program Design: Promoting Market-based Solutions for MSME and Industry Competitiveness, Action for Enterprise (AFE), Arlington, VA.
MaFI (Market Facilitation Initiative) (2011) Smart Subsidies in Market Facilitation Specifically for Agricultural Knowledge and Information Services (AKIS) Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) Synthesis of Online Discussion, 23-25 March 2010, The SEEP Network and Livelihoods Network, Washington D.C.
MASF (Market Access for Smallholder Farmers) (2010) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Brochure, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
MASF (2011) Dairy Market Access for Smallholder Farmers Component Mid Term Evaluation Survey Report, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Microlinks (undated) Microenterprise Learning Information and Knowledge Sharing: Knowledge-Driven International Development [website], <microlinks.kdid.org≯ [accessed 2 July 2011]. microlinks.kdid.org
Practical Action (2005) 40 Years of Practical Action: A Timeline [website], Practical Action, Rugby, <http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf≯ [accessed 1 July 2011]. http://www.practicalaction.org/docs/about_us/practical-action-timeline.pdf
Practical Action (2009) Markets and Livelihoods Programme Strategy 2007-2012, Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Rugby, UK.
Practical Action (undated) (1) Learning Spotlight on Interest Forums: Critical Factors for Facilitation and Sustainability [website], <http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf≯ [accessed 22 June 2011]. http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/i/n/4d92802c-2028-4e98-aef0-14542e33baf9.pdf
Practical Action (undated) (3) Relationship Matrix: A Tool to Monitor Changes in Relationships between Market Actors -Lessons and Recommendations from Bangladesh [website], <http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/r/e/4d92804d-f15c-4-c47-9e59-14542e33baf9.pdf≯ [accessed 22 June 2011]. http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/r/e/4d92804d-f15c-4-c47-9e59-14542e33baf9.pdf
Practical Action (undated) (4) Relationship Matrix: A Tool to Monitor Changes in Relationships between Market Actors -Guidelines [website], <http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/r/e/4d928028-d130-49ae-8267-14542e33baf9.pdf≯ [accessed 22 June 2011]. http://cdn1.practicalaction.org/r/e/4d928028-d130-49ae-8267-14542e33baf9.pdf
Ramalingam, B., Jones, H., Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implication for Development and Humanitarian Efforts, Working Paper 285, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London.
Springfield Centre (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Department for International Development (DFID) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Springfield Centre, Durham, UK.
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