Stone
An introduction
This useful general survey describes the varieties and uses of stone as a building material - whether cut or field-stone - and how to extract, work and use it. A new chapter on stone and the environment emphasizes the importance of planning, waste recycling and quarry rehabilitation as part of the extraction process. There is a new appendix outlining procedures for testing stone's flexural and compressive strength and discussing the importance of slip resistance.
Published: 1996
Pages: 184
eBook: 9781780446042
Paperback: 9781853393136
Foreword to second edition ix | |||
---|---|---|---|
Foreword to first edition x | |||
1. Nature's own building material 1 | |||
Early use 1 | |||
Advantages of stone 4 | |||
The future of stone 7 | |||
2. Stone materials 10 | |||
Terminology 10 | |||
Rock types 12 | |||
Sedimentary rocks 13 | |||
Seasoning 14 | |||
Weathering 15 | |||
Insulation 16 | |||
Porosity 16 | |||
Florescence 17 | |||
Strength 18 | |||
Weight 20 | |||
Hardness 20 | |||
3. Stone sources 23 | |||
Locating stone 23 | |||
Types of deposit 24 | |||
Boulder resources 26 | |||
Sorting shapes 28 | |||
Identification of deposit 29 | |||
Further exploration 29 | |||
Surface features of stone deposits 32 | |||
4. Stone extraction 41 | |||
Quarry planning and development 41 | |||
Location 42 | |||
Opening up quarries 43 | |||
National planning and inventory 43 | |||
Preparation and extraction 46 | |||
Slabby layers 49 | |||
Extraction devices 50 | |||
Raising blocks from the quarry floor 54 | |||
Transport 55 | |||
5. Stone and the environment 59 | |||
The effects of quarrying on the environment 60 | |||
Case study: Olival quarry 64 | |||
Case study: Estremoz quarry 65 | |||
Case study: Ontario 65 | |||
Effects of the environment on stone 68 | |||
6. Tools for stoneworking 73 | |||
Terminology 73 | |||
Tools and techniques 73 | |||
Splitting devices 75 | |||
Sizing sedimentary stones 77 | |||
Splitting 78 | |||
Hammers 79 | |||
Chisels 82 | |||
Drills 84 | |||
Saws 85 | |||
Bars 85 | |||
Stone-breaking 90 | |||
Hand-cutting a plane surface 90 | |||
7. Architectural uses 95 | |||
Types of building stone 95 | |||
Types of dressing 96 | |||
Masonry practices 98 | |||
Field-stone construction 101 | |||
Building a wall 104 | |||
Construction of dwellings 109 | |||
Foundations 109 | |||
Walls 113 | |||
Stone as a roof covering 116 | |||
Arches 119 | |||
Floors 121 | |||
8. Industrial production 125 | |||
Quarrying practices 127 | |||
Drilling methods 127 | |||
Wire-sawing 128 | |||
Extraction by chain-saw 129 | |||
Flame-jet cutting 130 | |||
Water-jet cutting 131 | |||
Processing 131 | |||
Primary cutting 132 | |||
Secondary sawing 136 | |||
Surface processes 137 | |||
Gritting 138 | |||
Finishes 139 | |||
Polishing 140 | |||
Fixing 142 | |||
Automation 143 | |||
Waxing and packing 145 | |||
9. Stone development 150 | |||
Comparative costs 150 | |||
Planning 151 | |||
Investing in equipment 152 | |||
Commercial factors 153 | |||
Pricing 154 | |||
Transport 154 | |||
Promotion 155 | |||
Statistics for the future 158 | |||
Foundations of success 159 | |||
Appendix: Stone testing 162 | |||
Current situation 162 | |||
Testing procedures 162 | |||
Safety factor 164 | |||
Durability 164 | |||
Surface finish 165 | |||
Bibliography 167 | |||
Glossary 168 |
Asher Shadmon
Professor Asher Shadmon is an Israeli engineering geologist who served as the first President of the International Association for Engineering Geology (IAEG)
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5688-0 [Citations: 14]Nomination of Zarzalejo Granite, a Spanish Heritage Building Stone, as a “Global Heritage Stone Resource”
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https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.271.01.02 [Citations: 15]Prediction of uniaxial compressive strength of the Kızılkaya ignimbrite with variable properties using MRA and ANN, Cappadocia (Turkey)
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Přikryl, Richard
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Vol. 333 (2010), Iss. 1 P.1
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP333.1 [Citations: 14]Durability assessment of natural stone
Přikryl, Richard
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https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2012-052 [Citations: 52]Modern Stone Cladding, Design and Installation of Exterior Dimension Stone Systems
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