Brick by Brick
Participatory technology development in brickmaking
This book reviews the theory and practice of technology transfer, change and development. It looks at definitions of Appropriate and Intermediate Technologies in the modern, global context. Based on the experiences of a project of working with brickmakers in Peru, Ecuador and Zimbabwe, the text looks at the elements that make up a successful technology transfer package. These elements are likely to include local research and development, training, access to capital, marketing and quality control. There is a brief overview of the technology involved in brickmaking. This includes an examination of energy efficiency and environmental issues. The brickmaking technologies adopted and adapted by the project in Peru are reviewed with a focus on the process of their development principles and ways of working, such as participation and participatory technology development, are explored. The relationship between producers and those seeking to assist them is examined: how alliances are formed, what the best communications are and what monitoring and evaluation strategies to employ. How the needs of women will be addressed. The main body of the text is illuminated by the inclusion of interviews, anecdotes and articles from people working in the field. The quest is to establish some guiding principles and practices for technology development projects. Ultimately the guidebook is a practical and interesting references for project managers, decision makers and fieldworkers.
Published: 2001
Pages: 144
eBook: 9781780442655
Paperback: 9781853395291
FOREWORD | |||
---|---|---|---|
1. BACKGROUND: ITDG AND BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTION | |||
1.1 ITDG, its mission, strategy and approach | |||
1.2 The Shelter Programme | |||
1.3 Reasons for working with small-scale brickmakers | |||
Energy and the environment | |||
1.4 Encouraging innovation and technology development | |||
1.5 The purpose of this guidebook | |||
2. INTRODUCTION: PARTICIPATION, SHELTER AND BRICKS | |||
2.1 Participation in technology transfer and development | |||
2.2 The shelter crisis | |||
2.3 Why specifically brick production? | |||
3. THE TECHNOLOGY TRANFER AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT | |||
3.1 Whys and wherefores | |||
3.2 The objective | |||
3.3 The situation in Peru | |||
Housing and brick production | |||
3.4 The situation in Ecuador | |||
Housing and brick production | |||
4. BRICKMAKING, THE TECHNOLOGY AND THE PRODUCT | |||
4.1 A well known technology? | |||
4.2 What exactly is a fired-clay brick? | |||
5. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND ITS ELEMENTS | |||
5.1 Defining technology transfer | |||
5.2 Elements of technology transfer | |||
Other factors in the process | |||
5.3 Illuminating case studies | |||
(i) The brick industry and technology in Malaysia | |||
(ii) Village-industry pottery in Ghana | |||
6. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY | |||
6.1 In search of a working definition | |||
6.2 ITDG’s Appropriate Technology | |||
7. PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT | |||
7.1 Enhancing knowledge, skills and choices | |||
7.2 Ownership through participation | |||
7.3 PTD as a project tool | |||
(i) Degrees of participation | |||
(ii) Stages in technology development | |||
(iii) Building technological capability | |||
7.4 Participatory conclusion | |||
8. THE EXPERIENCE OF ITDG IN ZIMBABWE | |||
8.1 The historical context8.2 ITDG’s intervention | |||
The adoption of the coal-fired clamp | |||
8.3 The process of technology transfer | |||
Successes and feedback | |||
Searching for the elements of success | |||
8.4 Conclusions - but not the end of the story | |||
9. THE APPROACH OF ITDG IN PERU | |||
9.1 The draft technology transfer plan | |||
The Ten Commandments... | |||
9.2 Getting to grips with the technology | |||
The state of the art of data collection | |||
9.3 Methodology for measuring the energy used to fire clay bricks | |||
(i) Gathering data | |||
(ii) Analysing data | |||
(iii) Qualifying the results | |||
(iv) Presenting findings | |||
(v) Observations | |||
10. THE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT | |||
10.1 Working and learning together | |||
The Ecuadorian perspective | |||
10.2 Project results and conclusions | |||
Training: getting it right | |||
Sustainability: what next? | |||
Technologies: four to consider | |||
Environment: more to be done | |||
Information dissemination: spreading the word | |||
10.3 Monitoring technological change | |||
Promising practices | |||
(i) The benefits of fuel distribution | |||
(ii) Complete fuelwood substitution | |||
11. GUIDELINES FOR PARTICIPATIVE PROJECTS | |||
11.1 Formulation: the project proposal and workplan | |||
Finding the right donor | |||
Accounting to the clients | |||
Institutional allies | |||
Achieving a workable proposal | |||
11.2 Summary: consolidating guidelines | |||
REFERENCES | |||
FURTHER READING | |||
(i) Participation, training and technology development | |||
(ii) Brickmaking, building materials, shelter and energy | |||
APPENDIX: Photocopiable monitoring form |
Kelvin Mason
Kelvin Mason is a tutor on the MSc Architecture: Advanced Environmental and Energy Studies by distance learning at the Centre for Alternative Technology. Previously, he worked as a consultant engineer and manager on development projects in Africa, Latin America and Asia.
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