Cultivation of oyster mushrooms on cassava waste
Anton S.M. Sonnenberg | Johan J.P. Baars | Mary Obodai | Agnes Asagbra
Cassava is a major food crop for approximately 700 million people, especially in African countries. A large quantity of waste is produced during processing of cassava, mainly consisting of tuber peels. Although previous research has shown that these peels can be an ingredient for substrate to cultivate mushrooms, yields were usually inferior compared to traditional substrates such as sawdust. In a project funded by the European Union (www.fp7-gratitude.eu/) trials were done for the production of oyster mushrooms using fermented peels and stems from cassava crops produced in Ghana. Four mushroom strains representing two species (Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius) were grown on fermented substrates made from cassava waste (peels and stems) without further heating/sterilization. Peels and cassava stems were tested in different ratios and supplemented with different amounts of rice or wheat bran. All substrates colonized quickly (15–16 days) and time to pinning varied between 18 and 24 days. The P. pulmonarius strains produced three flushes within 47 days (starting from inoculation) and the P. ostreatus strains needed 57–63 days completing flush 3. Biological efficiencies after three flushes varied between 38 per cent and 100 per cent. Addition of bran (rice or wheat) increases yields significantly. The trials have shown that cassava waste can be used well for the production of oyster mushrooms and that production from substrates containing up to 75 per cent cassava peels compares well to yields obtained on the traditional sawdust-based substrates.Adebayo, G.J., Omolara, B.N. and Toyin, A.E. (2009) ‘Evaluation of yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) grown on cotton waste and cassava peel’, African Journal of Biotechnology 8(2): 215–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2009.000-9039>.
Burns, A.E., Gleadow, R.M., Zacarias, A.M., Cuambe, C.E., Miller, R.E. and Cavagnaro, T.R. (2012) ‘Variations in the chemical composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and roots as affected by genotypic and environmental variation’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 4946–56 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf2047288>.
Dias Nunes, M., da Luz, J.M.R, Paes, S.A., Ribeiro, J.J.O., de Cassia Soares da Silva, M. and Kasuya, M.C.M. (2012) ‘Nitrogen supplementation on the productivity and the chemical composition of oyster mushroom’, Journal of Food Research 1(2): 113–19.
Fabian, C. and Ju, Y-H (2011) ‘A review on rice bran protein: its properties and extraction methods’, Critical Reviews in Food and Nutrition 51: 816–27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.482678>.
Frimpong-Manso, J., Obodai, M., Dzomeku, M. and Apertorgbor, M.M. (2011) ‘Influence of rice husk on biological efficiency and nutrient content of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr.) Kummer’, International Food Research Journal 18: 249–54.
Naraian, R., Sahu, R.K., Kumar, S. and Garg, S.K. (2009) ‘Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate’, Environmentalist 29: 1–7.
Obodai, M., Ofori, H., Dzomeku, M., Takli, K., Komlaga, G., Dziedzoave, N., Mensah D., Prempeh, J. and Sonnenberg, A. (2014) ‘Heavy metal and proximate composition associated with the composting of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels used in the cultivation of mushrooms in Ghana’, African Journal of Biotechnology 13(22): 2208–14.
Onuoha, C.I., Uchechi, U. and Onuoha, B.C. (2009) ‘Cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius (mushroom) using some agrowaste materials’, Agricultural Journal 4(2): 109–12.
Tuyen, V.D., Cone, J.W., Baars, J.J.P., Sonnenberg, A.S.M. and Hendriks, W.H. (2012) ‘Fungal strain and incubation period affect chemical composition and nutrient availability of wheat straw for rumen fermentation’, Bioresource Technology 111: 336–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.001>.
Adebayo, G.J., Omolara, B.N. and Toyin, A.E. (2009) ‘Evaluation of yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) grown on cotton waste and cassava peel’, African Journal of Biotechnology 8(2): 215–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2009.000-9039>.
Burns, A.E., Gleadow, R.M., Zacarias, A.M., Cuambe, C.E., Miller, R.E. and Cavagnaro, T.R. (2012) ‘Variations in the chemical composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and roots as affected by genotypic and environmental variation’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 4946–56 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf2047288>.
Dias Nunes, M., da Luz, J.M.R, Paes, S.A., Ribeiro, J.J.O., de Cassia Soares da Silva, M. and Kasuya, M.C.M. (2012) ‘Nitrogen supplementation on the productivity and the chemical composition of oyster mushroom’, Journal of Food Research 1(2): 113–19.
Fabian, C. and Ju, Y-H (2011) ‘A review on rice bran protein: its properties and extraction methods’, Critical Reviews in Food and Nutrition 51: 816–27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.482678>.
Frimpong-Manso, J., Obodai, M., Dzomeku, M. and Apertorgbor, M.M. (2011) ‘Influence of rice husk on biological efficiency and nutrient content of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr.) Kummer’, International Food Research Journal 18: 249–54.
Naraian, R., Sahu, R.K., Kumar, S. and Garg, S.K. (2009) ‘Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate’, Environmentalist 29: 1–7.
Obodai, M., Ofori, H., Dzomeku, M., Takli, K., Komlaga, G., Dziedzoave, N., Mensah D., Prempeh, J. and Sonnenberg, A. (2014) ‘Heavy metal and proximate composition associated with the composting of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels used in the cultivation of mushrooms in Ghana’, African Journal of Biotechnology 13(22): 2208–14.
Onuoha, C.I., Uchechi, U. and Onuoha, B.C. (2009) ‘Cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius (mushroom) using some agrowaste materials’, Agricultural Journal 4(2): 109–12.
Tuyen, V.D., Cone, J.W., Baars, J.J.P., Sonnenberg, A.S.M. and Hendriks, W.H. (2012) ‘Fungal strain and incubation period affect chemical composition and nutrient availability of wheat straw for rumen fermentation’, Bioresource Technology 111: 336–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.001>.
Adebayo, G.J., Omolara, B.N. and Toyin, A.E. (2009) ‘Evaluation of yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) grown on cotton waste and cassava peel’, African Journal of Biotechnology 8(2): 215–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2009.000-9039>.
Burns, A.E., Gleadow, R.M., Zacarias, A.M., Cuambe, C.E., Miller, R.E. and Cavagnaro, T.R. (2012) ‘Variations in the chemical composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and roots as affected by genotypic and environmental variation’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 4946–56 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf2047288>.
Dias Nunes, M., da Luz, J.M.R, Paes, S.A., Ribeiro, J.J.O., de Cassia Soares da Silva, M. and Kasuya, M.C.M. (2012) ‘Nitrogen supplementation on the productivity and the chemical composition of oyster mushroom’, Journal of Food Research 1(2): 113–19.
Fabian, C. and Ju, Y-H (2011) ‘A review on rice bran protein: its properties and extraction methods’, Critical Reviews in Food and Nutrition 51: 816–27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.482678>.
Frimpong-Manso, J., Obodai, M., Dzomeku, M. and Apertorgbor, M.M. (2011) ‘Influence of rice husk on biological efficiency and nutrient content of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr.) Kummer’, International Food Research Journal 18: 249–54.
Naraian, R., Sahu, R.K., Kumar, S. and Garg, S.K. (2009) ‘Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate’, Environmentalist 29: 1–7.
Obodai, M., Ofori, H., Dzomeku, M., Takli, K., Komlaga, G., Dziedzoave, N., Mensah D., Prempeh, J. and Sonnenberg, A. (2014) ‘Heavy metal and proximate composition associated with the composting of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels used in the cultivation of mushrooms in Ghana’, African Journal of Biotechnology 13(22): 2208–14.
Onuoha, C.I., Uchechi, U. and Onuoha, B.C. (2009) ‘Cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius (mushroom) using some agrowaste materials’, Agricultural Journal 4(2): 109–12.
Tuyen, V.D., Cone, J.W., Baars, J.J.P., Sonnenberg, A.S.M. and Hendriks, W.H. (2012) ‘Fungal strain and incubation period affect chemical composition and nutrient availability of wheat straw for rumen fermentation’, Bioresource Technology 111: 336–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.001>.
Adebayo, G.J., Omolara, B.N. and Toyin, A.E. (2009) ‘Evaluation of yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) grown on cotton waste and cassava peel’, African Journal of Biotechnology 8(2): 215–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2009.000-9039>.
Burns, A.E., Gleadow, R.M., Zacarias, A.M., Cuambe, C.E., Miller, R.E. and Cavagnaro, T.R. (2012) ‘Variations in the chemical composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and roots as affected by genotypic and environmental variation’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 4946–56 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf2047288>.
Dias Nunes, M., da Luz, J.M.R, Paes, S.A., Ribeiro, J.J.O., de Cassia Soares da Silva, M. and Kasuya, M.C.M. (2012) ‘Nitrogen supplementation on the productivity and the chemical composition of oyster mushroom’, Journal of Food Research 1(2): 113–19.
Fabian, C. and Ju, Y-H (2011) ‘A review on rice bran protein: its properties and extraction methods’, Critical Reviews in Food and Nutrition 51: 816–27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.482678>.
Frimpong-Manso, J., Obodai, M., Dzomeku, M. and Apertorgbor, M.M. (2011) ‘Influence of rice husk on biological efficiency and nutrient content of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. Fr.) Kummer’, International Food Research Journal 18: 249–54.
Naraian, R., Sahu, R.K., Kumar, S. and Garg, S.K. (2009) ‘Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate’, Environmentalist 29: 1–7.
Obodai, M., Ofori, H., Dzomeku, M., Takli, K., Komlaga, G., Dziedzoave, N., Mensah D., Prempeh, J. and Sonnenberg, A. (2014) ‘Heavy metal and proximate composition associated with the composting of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels used in the cultivation of mushrooms in Ghana’, African Journal of Biotechnology 13(22): 2208–14.
Onuoha, C.I., Uchechi, U. and Onuoha, B.C. (2009) ‘Cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius (mushroom) using some agrowaste materials’, Agricultural Journal 4(2): 109–12.
Tuyen, V.D., Cone, J.W., Baars, J.J.P., Sonnenberg, A.S.M. and Hendriks, W.H. (2012) ‘Fungal strain and incubation period affect chemical composition and nutrient availability of wheat straw for rumen fermentation’, Bioresource Technology 111: 336–42 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.001>.
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