Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a nutrient-dense paste that is an effective treatment for children with severe acute malnutrition using community-based therapeutic care (CTC). This paper describes the background to the development of local production of RUTF in famine-affected countries, its composition and standards, method of production, packaging, and quality assurance.

Ashworth, A., (2005) ‘Efficacy and effectiveness of community-based treatment of severe malnutrition’, Technical Background Paper, Informal Consultation held in Geneva, 21-23 November, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization, UNICEF and the Standing Committee on Nutrition of the United Nations <www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf≯ www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf

Bahwere, P., Sadler, K. and Collins, S. (2009) ‘Acceptability and effectiveness of chickpea sesame-based ready-to-use therapeutic food in malnourished HIV-positive adults’, Patient Preferences and Adherence, November [online], <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/

Bahwere, P., Deconinck, H., Banda, T. and Collins, S. (2011) ‘Effective therapeutic feeding with chickpea sesame based ready-to-use therapeutic food (CS-RUTF) in wasted adults with confirmed or suspected AIDS’, World Journal of AIDS 1: 169-81 [online] <www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930

Briend, A. (1997)‘Treatment of severe malnutrition with a therapeutic spread’, Field Exchange 2: 15.

Briend, A., Lacsala, R., Prudhon, C., Mounier, B., Grellety, Y. and Golden, M.H.N. (1999) ‘Ready-to-use therapeutic food for treatment of marasmus’, The Lancet 353(9166): 1767-68 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01078-8≯.

Caron, O. (2012) ‘RUTF product specifications’, UNICEF SD, RUTF pre-bid conference, MSF/Unicef, August 15 <www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf

CMAM (2011) Conference on Government Experiences of Scaling up the Communitybased Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) and Lessons for the Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Movement, Sheraton Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-17 November <http://cmamconference2011.org/≯ [last accessed 9 August 2012]. http://cmamconference2011.org/

Codex Alimentarius (2012) ‘List of standards’ [online] <www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/≯ [accessed 10 August 2012]. www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/

Collins, S. (2001) ‘Changing the way we address severe malnutrition during famine’, The Lancet 358: 498-501 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05630-6≯.

Collins, S., Sadler, K., Dent, N., Khara, T., Guerrero, S., Myatt, M., Saboya, M. and Walsh, A. (2006) ‘Key issues in the success of community-based management of severe malnutrition’, Food and Nutrition Bulletin 27 (supplement): s49-s82 <www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf≯ (scroll down to p.49) [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf

Compact (2012) ‘eeZeePaste Nut™ Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF)’, Compact AS <www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/≯. www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/

Dairy for Global Nutrition (2010) ‘Challenge Dairy now certified UNICEF supplier for Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food’, Dairy for Global Nutrition, 25 February <http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646≯. http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646

Isanaka, S., Nombela, N., Djibo, A., Poupard, M., van Beckhoven, D., Gaboulaud, V., Guerin, P.J., Grais, R.F. (2009) ‘Effect of preventive supplementation with ready-to-use therapeutic food on the nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity of children aged 6 to 60 months in Niger’, JAMA 301: 277-85.

Kraemer, T., (2010) ‘Patenting ready-to-use-therapeutic food: the Plumpy'nut controversy’, Student Prize Papers, Paper 76, Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository <http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76≯. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76

Komrska, J. (2012) ‘Increasing access to ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF)’, Field Exchange, 42 : 47-8 <http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access≯. http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access

Nutriset/IRD (2010a) ‘Nutriset/IRD's patents usage greement’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html

Nutriset/IRD (2010b) ‘Plumpy’Nut® and RUTFs’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html

Nutriset (2010-12a) ‘2011 key figures’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html

Nutriset (2010-12b) ‘Mission and vision of the PlumpyField network’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/international-networks/plumpyfield-network/plumpyfield-mission-and-vision.html≯ [accessed 12 September 2102]. www.nutriset.fr/en/international-networks/plumpyfield-network/plumpyfield-mission-and-vision.html

Schofield, H. (2010) ‘Legal fight over Plumpy'nut, the hunger wonderproduct’, BBC News [online], Paris, 8 April <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8610427.stm≯ [accessed 9 august 2012]. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8610427.stm

UNICEF (2012) Presentation to Global Nutrition Cluster Meeting, Geneva, July. Valid International (2008) ‘Community-based therapeutic care: what is it about?’ [online] <www.validinternational.org/demo/ctc/about.php≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.validinternational.org/demo/ctc/about.php

Von Schoen-Angerer, T. (2009) ‘MSF: Nutriset patent impeding access to treatment of severe acute malnutrition’ [online], MSF <www.msfaccess.org/content/msf-nutriset-patent-impeding-access-treatment-severe-acute-malnutrition≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.msfaccess.org/content/msf-nutriset-patent-impeding-access-treatment-severe-acute-malnutrition

WHO (2007) Community-based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition [online], World Health Organization, World Food Programme, United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition, The United Nations Children's Fund [online] <www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/978-92-806-4147-9_eng.pdf≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/978-92-806-4147-9_eng.pdf

Ashworth, A., (2005) ‘Efficacy and effectiveness of community-based treatment of severe malnutrition’, Technical Background Paper, Informal Consultation held in Geneva, 21-23 November, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization, UNICEF and the Standing Committee on Nutrition of the United Nations <www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf≯ www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf

Bahwere, P., Sadler, K. and Collins, S. (2009) ‘Acceptability and effectiveness of chickpea sesame-based ready-to-use therapeutic food in malnourished HIV-positive adults’, Patient Preferences and Adherence, November [online], <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/

Bahwere, P., Deconinck, H., Banda, T. and Collins, S. (2011) ‘Effective therapeutic feeding with chickpea sesame based ready-to-use therapeutic food (CS-RUTF) in wasted adults with confirmed or suspected AIDS’, World Journal of AIDS 1: 169-81 [online] <www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930

Briend, A. (1997)‘Treatment of severe malnutrition with a therapeutic spread’, Field Exchange 2: 15.

Briend, A., Lacsala, R., Prudhon, C., Mounier, B., Grellety, Y. and Golden, M.H.N. (1999) ‘Ready-to-use therapeutic food for treatment of marasmus’, The Lancet 353(9166): 1767-68 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01078-8≯.

Caron, O. (2012) ‘RUTF product specifications’, UNICEF SD, RUTF pre-bid conference, MSF/Unicef, August 15 <www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf

CMAM (2011) Conference on Government Experiences of Scaling up the Communitybased Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) and Lessons for the Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Movement, Sheraton Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-17 November <http://cmamconference2011.org/≯ [last accessed 9 August 2012]. http://cmamconference2011.org/

Codex Alimentarius (2012) ‘List of standards’ [online] <www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/≯ [accessed 10 August 2012]. www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/

Collins, S. (2001) ‘Changing the way we address severe malnutrition during famine’, The Lancet 358: 498-501 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05630-6≯.

Collins, S., Sadler, K., Dent, N., Khara, T., Guerrero, S., Myatt, M., Saboya, M. and Walsh, A. (2006) ‘Key issues in the success of community-based management of severe malnutrition’, Food and Nutrition Bulletin 27 (supplement): s49-s82 <www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf≯ (scroll down to p.49) [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf

Compact (2012) ‘eeZeePaste Nut™ Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF)’, Compact AS <www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/≯. www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/

Dairy for Global Nutrition (2010) ‘Challenge Dairy now certified UNICEF supplier for Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food’, Dairy for Global Nutrition, 25 February <http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646≯. http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646

Isanaka, S., Nombela, N., Djibo, A., Poupard, M., van Beckhoven, D., Gaboulaud, V., Guerin, P.J., Grais, R.F. (2009) ‘Effect of preventive supplementation with ready-to-use therapeutic food on the nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity of children aged 6 to 60 months in Niger’, JAMA 301: 277-85.

Kraemer, T., (2010) ‘Patenting ready-to-use-therapeutic food: the Plumpy'nut controversy’, Student Prize Papers, Paper 76, Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository <http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76≯. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76

Komrska, J. (2012) ‘Increasing access to ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF)’, Field Exchange, 42 : 47-8 <http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access≯. http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access

Nutriset/IRD (2010a) ‘Nutriset/IRD's patents usage greement’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html

Nutriset/IRD (2010b) ‘Plumpy’Nut® and RUTFs’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html

Nutriset (2010-12a) ‘2011 key figures’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html

Nutriset (2010-12b) ‘Mission and vision of the PlumpyField network’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/international-networks/plumpyfield-network/plumpyfield-mission-and-vision.html≯ [accessed 12 September 2102]. www.nutriset.fr/en/international-networks/plumpyfield-network/plumpyfield-mission-and-vision.html

Schofield, H. (2010) ‘Legal fight over Plumpy'nut, the hunger wonderproduct’, BBC News [online], Paris, 8 April <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8610427.stm≯ [accessed 9 august 2012]. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8610427.stm

UNICEF (2012) Presentation to Global Nutrition Cluster Meeting, Geneva, July. Valid International (2008) ‘Community-based therapeutic care: what is it about?’ [online] <www.validinternational.org/demo/ctc/about.php≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.validinternational.org/demo/ctc/about.php

Von Schoen-Angerer, T. (2009) ‘MSF: Nutriset patent impeding access to treatment of severe acute malnutrition’ [online], MSF <www.msfaccess.org/content/msf-nutriset-patent-impeding-access-treatment-severe-acute-malnutrition≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.msfaccess.org/content/msf-nutriset-patent-impeding-access-treatment-severe-acute-malnutrition

WHO (2007) Community-based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition [online], World Health Organization, World Food Programme, United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition, The United Nations Children's Fund [online] <www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/978-92-806-4147-9_eng.pdf≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/978-92-806-4147-9_eng.pdf

Ashworth, A., (2005) ‘Efficacy and effectiveness of community-based treatment of severe malnutrition’, Technical Background Paper, Informal Consultation held in Geneva, 21-23 November, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization, UNICEF and the Standing Committee on Nutrition of the United Nations <www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf≯ www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf

Bahwere, P., Sadler, K. and Collins, S. (2009) ‘Acceptability and effectiveness of chickpea sesame-based ready-to-use therapeutic food in malnourished HIV-positive adults’, Patient Preferences and Adherence, November [online], <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/

Bahwere, P., Deconinck, H., Banda, T. and Collins, S. (2011) ‘Effective therapeutic feeding with chickpea sesame based ready-to-use therapeutic food (CS-RUTF) in wasted adults with confirmed or suspected AIDS’, World Journal of AIDS 1: 169-81 [online] <www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930

Briend, A. (1997)‘Treatment of severe malnutrition with a therapeutic spread’, Field Exchange 2: 15.

Briend, A., Lacsala, R., Prudhon, C., Mounier, B., Grellety, Y. and Golden, M.H.N. (1999) ‘Ready-to-use therapeutic food for treatment of marasmus’, The Lancet 353(9166): 1767-68 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01078-8≯.

Caron, O. (2012) ‘RUTF product specifications’, UNICEF SD, RUTF pre-bid conference, MSF/Unicef, August 15 <www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf

CMAM (2011) Conference on Government Experiences of Scaling up the Communitybased Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) and Lessons for the Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Movement, Sheraton Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-17 November <http://cmamconference2011.org/≯ [last accessed 9 August 2012]. http://cmamconference2011.org/

Codex Alimentarius (2012) ‘List of standards’ [online] <www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/≯ [accessed 10 August 2012]. www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/

Collins, S. (2001) ‘Changing the way we address severe malnutrition during famine’, The Lancet 358: 498-501 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05630-6≯.

Collins, S., Sadler, K., Dent, N., Khara, T., Guerrero, S., Myatt, M., Saboya, M. and Walsh, A. (2006) ‘Key issues in the success of community-based management of severe malnutrition’, Food and Nutrition Bulletin 27 (supplement): s49-s82 <www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf≯ (scroll down to p.49) [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf

Compact (2012) ‘eeZeePaste Nut™ Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF)’, Compact AS <www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/≯. www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/

Dairy for Global Nutrition (2010) ‘Challenge Dairy now certified UNICEF supplier for Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food’, Dairy for Global Nutrition, 25 February <http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646≯. http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646

Isanaka, S., Nombela, N., Djibo, A., Poupard, M., van Beckhoven, D., Gaboulaud, V., Guerin, P.J., Grais, R.F. (2009) ‘Effect of preventive supplementation with ready-to-use therapeutic food on the nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity of children aged 6 to 60 months in Niger’, JAMA 301: 277-85.

Kraemer, T., (2010) ‘Patenting ready-to-use-therapeutic food: the Plumpy'nut controversy’, Student Prize Papers, Paper 76, Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository <http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76≯. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76

Komrska, J. (2012) ‘Increasing access to ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF)’, Field Exchange, 42 : 47-8 <http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access≯. http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access

Nutriset/IRD (2010a) ‘Nutriset/IRD's patents usage greement’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html

Nutriset/IRD (2010b) ‘Plumpy’Nut® and RUTFs’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html

Nutriset (2010-12a) ‘2011 key figures’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html

Nutriset (2010-12b) ‘Mission and vision of the PlumpyField network’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/international-networks/plumpyfield-network/plumpyfield-mission-and-vision.html≯ [accessed 12 September 2102]. www.nutriset.fr/en/international-networks/plumpyfield-network/plumpyfield-mission-and-vision.html

Schofield, H. (2010) ‘Legal fight over Plumpy'nut, the hunger wonderproduct’, BBC News [online], Paris, 8 April <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8610427.stm≯ [accessed 9 august 2012]. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8610427.stm

UNICEF (2012) Presentation to Global Nutrition Cluster Meeting, Geneva, July. Valid International (2008) ‘Community-based therapeutic care: what is it about?’ [online] <www.validinternational.org/demo/ctc/about.php≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.validinternational.org/demo/ctc/about.php

Von Schoen-Angerer, T. (2009) ‘MSF: Nutriset patent impeding access to treatment of severe acute malnutrition’ [online], MSF <www.msfaccess.org/content/msf-nutriset-patent-impeding-access-treatment-severe-acute-malnutrition≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.msfaccess.org/content/msf-nutriset-patent-impeding-access-treatment-severe-acute-malnutrition

WHO (2007) Community-based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition [online], World Health Organization, World Food Programme, United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition, The United Nations Children's Fund [online] <www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/978-92-806-4147-9_eng.pdf≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/978-92-806-4147-9_eng.pdf

Ashworth, A., (2005) ‘Efficacy and effectiveness of community-based treatment of severe malnutrition’, Technical Background Paper, Informal Consultation held in Geneva, 21-23 November, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization, UNICEF and the Standing Committee on Nutrition of the United Nations <www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf≯ www.who.int/nutrition/topics/backgroundpapers_Efficacy_effectiveness.pdf

Bahwere, P., Sadler, K. and Collins, S. (2009) ‘Acceptability and effectiveness of chickpea sesame-based ready-to-use therapeutic food in malnourished HIV-positive adults’, Patient Preferences and Adherence, November [online], <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778423/

Bahwere, P., Deconinck, H., Banda, T. and Collins, S. (2011) ‘Effective therapeutic feeding with chickpea sesame based ready-to-use therapeutic food (CS-RUTF) in wasted adults with confirmed or suspected AIDS’, World Journal of AIDS 1: 169-81 [online] <www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=8930

Briend, A. (1997)‘Treatment of severe malnutrition with a therapeutic spread’, Field Exchange 2: 15.

Briend, A., Lacsala, R., Prudhon, C., Mounier, B., Grellety, Y. and Golden, M.H.N. (1999) ‘Ready-to-use therapeutic food for treatment of marasmus’, The Lancet 353(9166): 1767-68 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01078-8≯.

Caron, O. (2012) ‘RUTF product specifications’, UNICEF SD, RUTF pre-bid conference, MSF/Unicef, August 15 <www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/supply/files/5._Common_RUTF_Specifications_and_Labelling.pdf

CMAM (2011) Conference on Government Experiences of Scaling up the Communitybased Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) and Lessons for the Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Movement, Sheraton Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-17 November <http://cmamconference2011.org/≯ [last accessed 9 August 2012]. http://cmamconference2011.org/

Codex Alimentarius (2012) ‘List of standards’ [online] <www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/≯ [accessed 10 August 2012]. www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-of-standards/en/

Collins, S. (2001) ‘Changing the way we address severe malnutrition during famine’, The Lancet 358: 498-501 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05630-6≯.

Collins, S., Sadler, K., Dent, N., Khara, T., Guerrero, S., Myatt, M., Saboya, M. and Walsh, A. (2006) ‘Key issues in the success of community-based management of severe malnutrition’, Food and Nutrition Bulletin 27 (supplement): s49-s82 <www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf≯ (scroll down to p.49) [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.who.int/nutrition/publications/severemalnutrition/FNB_0379-5721.pdf

Compact (2012) ‘eeZeePaste Nut™ Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF)’, Compact AS <www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/≯. www.compactforlife.com/eezeepaste-rutf/

Dairy for Global Nutrition (2010) ‘Challenge Dairy now certified UNICEF supplier for Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food’, Dairy for Global Nutrition, 25 February <http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646≯. http://dairyglobalnutrition.org/AboutUs/newsdetail.cfm?ItemNumber=89646

Isanaka, S., Nombela, N., Djibo, A., Poupard, M., van Beckhoven, D., Gaboulaud, V., Guerin, P.J., Grais, R.F. (2009) ‘Effect of preventive supplementation with ready-to-use therapeutic food on the nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity of children aged 6 to 60 months in Niger’, JAMA 301: 277-85.

Kraemer, T., (2010) ‘Patenting ready-to-use-therapeutic food: the Plumpy'nut controversy’, Student Prize Papers, Paper 76, Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository <http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76≯. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylsspps_papers/76

Komrska, J. (2012) ‘Increasing access to ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF)’, Field Exchange, 42 : 47-8 <http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access≯. http://fex.ennonline.net/42/access

Nutriset/IRD (2010a) ‘Nutriset/IRD's patents usage greement’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/online-patent-usageagreement.html

Nutriset/IRD (2010b) ‘Plumpy’Nut® and RUTFs’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html≯ [accessed 9 August 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/access/patents-for-development/nutriset-ird-patents/plumpynut-and-rutf.html

Nutriset (2010-12a) ‘2011 key figures’ [online] <www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html≯ [accessed 12 September 2012]. www.nutriset.fr/en/aboutnutriset/2011-key-figures.html

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