Though billions of people are without adequate fresh-water resources, even more people lack effective sanitation services. This latter concern is the focus of an appropriate technology initiative (WASTE Programme) of Wheaton College in Illinois which engages undergraduate students and interdisciplinary faculty in experiments with simple, small-scale waste-stabilization ponds for eventual installation in many global communities. Project laboratory data indicate that low-cost, low-maintenance systems can eliminate microbial pathogens and provide nutrient-rich effluent for agricultural use, before recharging the local groundwater.

Cambray, G. (2007) ‘Shanwari private nature preserve leads the way in adopting new, clean sewerage treatment technology’, Science in Africa <www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2007/august/sewerage/htm> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Gloyna, E.F. (1971) Waste Stabilisation Ponds, World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 60, Geneva: WHO.

Greenberg, J.K., Hefley, D., Brice, P., Hoti, A., Erkman, C., Yates, J., Webb, F., O’Rourke, K. and Ademi, K. (2012) ‘The many educational facets of development cooperation between a Kosovan village and earth scientists’, Journal of Geoscience Education 60 (3): 201–11 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/10-214.1>

Heaven, S. and Banks, C. (2005) ‘Cold and continental climate ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 381–407, London: IWA Publishing.

Lloyd, J.L., Leitner, A.R. and Guananesharajah, K. (2006) Surveillance for Improvement of Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Cambridge: Mott MacDonald.

Mara, D. (2005) ‘Pond process design – a practical guide’, in A. Shilton, Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 168–87, London: IWA Publishing.

National Science Foundation (2006) ‘America’s pressing challenge – building a stronger foundation’ <www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0602/> [accessed 1 August 2014].

Pathinather, S. (2011) ‘The performance of a deep primary waste stabilization pond’, Master’s thesis, University of Moratuwa.

Pearson, H. (2005) ‘Microbiology of waste stabilisation ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 14–47, London: IWA Publishing.

Ramadan, H. and Ponce, V.M. (2013) ‘Design and performance of waste stabilization ponds’ [online] <stabilizationponds.sdsu.edu> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Sheaffer, J.R. and Stevens, L.A. (1983) Future Water, New York, NY: Morrow Publishing.

Shilton, A. and Walmsley, N. (2005) ‘Introduction to pond treatment technology’, in A. Shilton (ed.) Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 1–13, London: IWA Publishing.

Srinivasan, L. (1990) Tools for Community Participation: A Manual for Training Trainers in Participatory Techniques, PROWESS Technical Series, New York, NY: United Nations Development Program.

Yhdego, M. (1992) ‘Pilot waste stabilisation pond in Tanzania’, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 118 (2): 286–96.

Cambray, G. (2007) ‘Shanwari private nature preserve leads the way in adopting new, clean sewerage treatment technology’, Science in Africa <www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2007/august/sewerage/htm> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Gloyna, E.F. (1971) Waste Stabilisation Ponds, World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 60, Geneva: WHO.

Greenberg, J.K., Hefley, D., Brice, P., Hoti, A., Erkman, C., Yates, J., Webb, F., O’Rourke, K. and Ademi, K. (2012) ‘The many educational facets of development cooperation between a Kosovan village and earth scientists’, Journal of Geoscience Education 60 (3): 201–11 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/10-214.1>

Heaven, S. and Banks, C. (2005) ‘Cold and continental climate ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 381–407, London: IWA Publishing.

Lloyd, J.L., Leitner, A.R. and Guananesharajah, K. (2006) Surveillance for Improvement of Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Cambridge: Mott MacDonald.

Mara, D. (2005) ‘Pond process design – a practical guide’, in A. Shilton, Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 168–87, London: IWA Publishing.

National Science Foundation (2006) ‘America’s pressing challenge – building a stronger foundation’ <www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0602/> [accessed 1 August 2014].

Pathinather, S. (2011) ‘The performance of a deep primary waste stabilization pond’, Master’s thesis, University of Moratuwa.

Pearson, H. (2005) ‘Microbiology of waste stabilisation ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 14–47, London: IWA Publishing.

Ramadan, H. and Ponce, V.M. (2013) ‘Design and performance of waste stabilization ponds’ [online] <stabilizationponds.sdsu.edu> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Sheaffer, J.R. and Stevens, L.A. (1983) Future Water, New York, NY: Morrow Publishing.

Shilton, A. and Walmsley, N. (2005) ‘Introduction to pond treatment technology’, in A. Shilton (ed.) Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 1–13, London: IWA Publishing.

Srinivasan, L. (1990) Tools for Community Participation: A Manual for Training Trainers in Participatory Techniques, PROWESS Technical Series, New York, NY: United Nations Development Program.

Yhdego, M. (1992) ‘Pilot waste stabilisation pond in Tanzania’, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 118 (2): 286–96.

Cambray, G. (2007) ‘Shanwari private nature preserve leads the way in adopting new, clean sewerage treatment technology’, Science in Africa <www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2007/august/sewerage/htm> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Gloyna, E.F. (1971) Waste Stabilisation Ponds, World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 60, Geneva: WHO.

Greenberg, J.K., Hefley, D., Brice, P., Hoti, A., Erkman, C., Yates, J., Webb, F., O’Rourke, K. and Ademi, K. (2012) ‘The many educational facets of development cooperation between a Kosovan village and earth scientists’, Journal of Geoscience Education 60 (3): 201–11 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/10-214.1>

Heaven, S. and Banks, C. (2005) ‘Cold and continental climate ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 381–407, London: IWA Publishing.

Lloyd, J.L., Leitner, A.R. and Guananesharajah, K. (2006) Surveillance for Improvement of Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Cambridge: Mott MacDonald.

Mara, D. (2005) ‘Pond process design – a practical guide’, in A. Shilton, Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 168–87, London: IWA Publishing.

National Science Foundation (2006) ‘America’s pressing challenge – building a stronger foundation’ <www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0602/> [accessed 1 August 2014].

Pathinather, S. (2011) ‘The performance of a deep primary waste stabilization pond’, Master’s thesis, University of Moratuwa.

Pearson, H. (2005) ‘Microbiology of waste stabilisation ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 14–47, London: IWA Publishing.

Ramadan, H. and Ponce, V.M. (2013) ‘Design and performance of waste stabilization ponds’ [online] <stabilizationponds.sdsu.edu> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Sheaffer, J.R. and Stevens, L.A. (1983) Future Water, New York, NY: Morrow Publishing.

Shilton, A. and Walmsley, N. (2005) ‘Introduction to pond treatment technology’, in A. Shilton (ed.) Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 1–13, London: IWA Publishing.

Srinivasan, L. (1990) Tools for Community Participation: A Manual for Training Trainers in Participatory Techniques, PROWESS Technical Series, New York, NY: United Nations Development Program.

Yhdego, M. (1992) ‘Pilot waste stabilisation pond in Tanzania’, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 118 (2): 286–96.

Cambray, G. (2007) ‘Shanwari private nature preserve leads the way in adopting new, clean sewerage treatment technology’, Science in Africa <www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2007/august/sewerage/htm> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Gloyna, E.F. (1971) Waste Stabilisation Ponds, World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 60, Geneva: WHO.

Greenberg, J.K., Hefley, D., Brice, P., Hoti, A., Erkman, C., Yates, J., Webb, F., O’Rourke, K. and Ademi, K. (2012) ‘The many educational facets of development cooperation between a Kosovan village and earth scientists’, Journal of Geoscience Education 60 (3): 201–11 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/10-214.1>

Heaven, S. and Banks, C. (2005) ‘Cold and continental climate ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 381–407, London: IWA Publishing.

Lloyd, J.L., Leitner, A.R. and Guananesharajah, K. (2006) Surveillance for Improvement of Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Cambridge: Mott MacDonald.

Mara, D. (2005) ‘Pond process design – a practical guide’, in A. Shilton, Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 168–87, London: IWA Publishing.

National Science Foundation (2006) ‘America’s pressing challenge – building a stronger foundation’ <www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0602/> [accessed 1 August 2014].

Pathinather, S. (2011) ‘The performance of a deep primary waste stabilization pond’, Master’s thesis, University of Moratuwa.

Pearson, H. (2005) ‘Microbiology of waste stabilisation ponds’, in A. Shilton (ed.), Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 14–47, London: IWA Publishing.

Ramadan, H. and Ponce, V.M. (2013) ‘Design and performance of waste stabilization ponds’ [online] <stabilizationponds.sdsu.edu> [accessed 1 October 2014].

Sheaffer, J.R. and Stevens, L.A. (1983) Future Water, New York, NY: Morrow Publishing.

Shilton, A. and Walmsley, N. (2005) ‘Introduction to pond treatment technology’, in A. Shilton (ed.) Pond Treatment Technology, pp. 1–13, London: IWA Publishing.

Srinivasan, L. (1990) Tools for Community Participation: A Manual for Training Trainers in Participatory Techniques, PROWESS Technical Series, New York, NY: United Nations Development Program.

Yhdego, M. (1992) ‘Pilot waste stabilisation pond in Tanzania’, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 118 (2): 286–96.