Water-sector development is inevitably based on changes in people’s behaviour. We analyse why some types of domestic water-use behaviours change more easily than others. Our case study is a water supply and sanitation intervention in remote and rural Nepal. We found that collective opportunities, degree of individual freedom, and individual incentives influenced the ease of the promoted behaviour changes. The enhanced individual opportunities, incentives, and collective tolerance enabled behaviour changes that were regarded as beneficial by the people themselves, whereas the existing social traditions in our case-study context often restricted those changes. Often, the individual agency and the collective traditions confronted one another. We suggest that this study can provide a design for predicting possible opportunities and challenges regarding behaviour changes in field operations, and for enhancing joint operation of individual and collective capabilities at local levels in the development intervention context.

Alkire, S. and Black, R. (1997) ‘A practical reasoning theory of development ethics: furthering the capabilities approach’, Journal of International Development 9(2): 263–79.

Biggeri, M. and Ferrannini, A. (2014) ‘Opportunity gap analysis: procedures and methods for applying the capability approach in development initiatives’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 15(1): 60–78 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.837036>.

Chand, C. and White, P. (2015) ‘Productive sanitation successfully links toilets and livelihoods’, in Fifth International Dry Toilet Conference, Finland <http://www.huussi.net/en/activities/dt-2015/dt-2015-full-papers/5-solutions-to-food-security/>. [accessed 8 September 2015].

Crawford, M., Menger, L. and Kaufman, M. (2014) ‘“This is a natural process”: managing menstrual stigma in Nepal’, Culture, Health & Sexuality 16(4): 426–39 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.887147>.

Dworkin, R. (1981) ‘What is equality? Part 2: Equality of resources’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 10: 283–345 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265047>.

Dworkin, R. (2000) Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Frediani, A.A., Boni, A. and Gasper, D. (2014) ‘Approaching development projects from a human development and capability perspective’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15(1): 1–12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.879014>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. (2003) ‘The human development paradigm: operationalizing Sen’s ideas on capabilities’, Feminist Economics 9(2/3): 301–17 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077980>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. and Kumar, S. (eds) (2009) Handbook of Human Development: Concepts, Measures and Policies, Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Ibrahim, S.S. (2006) ‘From individual to collective capabilities: the capability approach as a conceptual framework for self-help’, Journal of Human Development, 7(3): 397–416 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880600815982>.

Ibrahim, S. and Tiwari, M. (eds) (2014) The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View, 2nd edn, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) (2014) Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Second Joint Sector Review (Technical Report), Nepal: Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit.

Nussbaum, M. (1997) ‘Capabilities and human rights’, Fordham Law Review, 66(2): 273–300 <http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol66/iss2/2>.

Nussbaum, M. (2000) Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nussbaum, M. (2003) ‘Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice’, Feminist Economics 9(2-3): 33–59 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077926>.

Rautanen, S-L., van Koppen, B. and Wagle, N. (2014) ‘Community-driven multiple use water services: Lessons learned by the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project in Nepal’, Water Alternatives 7(1): 160–177 <http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/volume7/v7issue1-2/239-a7-1-10/file>.

Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (2001) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Richert, A., Gensch, R., Jönsson, H., Stenström, T.A. and Dagerskog, L. (2010) Practical Guidance on the Use of Urine in Crop Production, EcoSanRes Series, 2010-1, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute <http://www.sei-international.org/publications?pid=1582> [accessed 28 April 2015].

Robeyns, I. (2003) ‘Sen’s capability approach and gender inequality: selecting relevant capabilities’, Feminist Economics, 9(2/3): 61–92 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000078024>.

Robeyns, I. (2011) ‘The capability approach’, in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online], <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2011/entries/capability-approach/> [accessed 6 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP) (2008) Gender and Discrimination Study – A Comprehensive Assessment on Gender & Caste Based Discrimination in the Hill Districts of Mid and Far Western Development Regions, Kathmandu: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 4 April 2015].

RVWRMP (2011) Project Document, Nepal: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 7 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (2015) HRBA & GESI Strategy & Action Plan – Operationalizing Human Rights Based Approach and Gender Equality & Social Inclusion Principles in the Water Sector, Pokhara, Nepal: RVWRMP and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Western Nepal Phase II <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 5 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1980) ‘Equality of what?’ in S. McMurrin (ed.), The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Salt Lake City, UT: Tanner Humanities Center <http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen80.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1985) ‘Well-being, agency and freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984’, Journal of Philosophy, 82: 169–221 <http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/11AmartyaSen.pdf> [accessed 1 September 2015].

Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. (2004a) ‘Cultural liberty and human development’, in UN Human Development Report 2004, Chapter 1, New York: United Nations Development Programme <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/265/hdr_2004_complete.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (2004b) ‘Capabilities, lists, and public reason: continuing the conversation’, Feminist Economics, 10(3): 77–80 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163>.

Sen, A. (2005) ‘Human rights and capabilities’, Journal of Human Development 6(2): 151–66 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120491>.

Smith, M.L. and Seward, C. (2009) ‘The relational ontology of Amartya Sen’s capability approach: incorporating social and individual causes’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 10(2): 213–35 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452820902940927>.

Stewart, F. (2005) ‘Groups and capabilities’, Journal of Human Development 6(2): 185–204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120517>.

Tiwari, M. (2014) ‘Capability approach, livelihoods and social inclusion: agents of change in rural India’, in S. Ibrahim and M. Tiwari (eds), The Capability Approach. From Theory to Practice, pp. 29–51, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Walker, J., Berekashvili, N. and Lomidze, N. (2014) ‘Valuing time: time use survey, the capability approach, and gender analysis’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 15(1): 47–59 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.837033>.

Alkire, S. and Black, R. (1997) ‘A practical reasoning theory of development ethics: furthering the capabilities approach’, Journal of International Development 9(2): 263–79.

Biggeri, M. and Ferrannini, A. (2014) ‘Opportunity gap analysis: procedures and methods for applying the capability approach in development initiatives’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 15(1): 60–78 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.837036>.

Chand, C. and White, P. (2015) ‘Productive sanitation successfully links toilets and livelihoods’, in Fifth International Dry Toilet Conference, Finland <http://www.huussi.net/en/activities/dt-2015/dt-2015-full-papers/5-solutions-to-food-security/>. [accessed 8 September 2015].

Crawford, M., Menger, L. and Kaufman, M. (2014) ‘“This is a natural process”: managing menstrual stigma in Nepal’, Culture, Health & Sexuality 16(4): 426–39 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.887147>.

Dworkin, R. (1981) ‘What is equality? Part 2: Equality of resources’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 10: 283–345 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265047>.

Dworkin, R. (2000) Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Frediani, A.A., Boni, A. and Gasper, D. (2014) ‘Approaching development projects from a human development and capability perspective’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15(1): 1–12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.879014>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. (2003) ‘The human development paradigm: operationalizing Sen’s ideas on capabilities’, Feminist Economics 9(2/3): 301–17 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077980>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. and Kumar, S. (eds) (2009) Handbook of Human Development: Concepts, Measures and Policies, Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Ibrahim, S.S. (2006) ‘From individual to collective capabilities: the capability approach as a conceptual framework for self-help’, Journal of Human Development, 7(3): 397–416 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880600815982>.

Ibrahim, S. and Tiwari, M. (eds) (2014) The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View, 2nd edn, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) (2014) Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Second Joint Sector Review (Technical Report), Nepal: Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit.

Nussbaum, M. (1997) ‘Capabilities and human rights’, Fordham Law Review, 66(2): 273–300 <http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol66/iss2/2>.

Nussbaum, M. (2000) Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nussbaum, M. (2003) ‘Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice’, Feminist Economics 9(2-3): 33–59 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077926>.

Rautanen, S-L., van Koppen, B. and Wagle, N. (2014) ‘Community-driven multiple use water services: Lessons learned by the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project in Nepal’, Water Alternatives 7(1): 160–177 <http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/volume7/v7issue1-2/239-a7-1-10/file>.

Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (2001) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Richert, A., Gensch, R., Jönsson, H., Stenström, T.A. and Dagerskog, L. (2010) Practical Guidance on the Use of Urine in Crop Production, EcoSanRes Series, 2010-1, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute <http://www.sei-international.org/publications?pid=1582> [accessed 28 April 2015].

Robeyns, I. (2003) ‘Sen’s capability approach and gender inequality: selecting relevant capabilities’, Feminist Economics, 9(2/3): 61–92 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000078024>.

Robeyns, I. (2011) ‘The capability approach’, in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online], <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2011/entries/capability-approach/> [accessed 6 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP) (2008) Gender and Discrimination Study – A Comprehensive Assessment on Gender & Caste Based Discrimination in the Hill Districts of Mid and Far Western Development Regions, Kathmandu: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 4 April 2015].

RVWRMP (2011) Project Document, Nepal: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 7 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (2015) HRBA & GESI Strategy & Action Plan – Operationalizing Human Rights Based Approach and Gender Equality & Social Inclusion Principles in the Water Sector, Pokhara, Nepal: RVWRMP and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Western Nepal Phase II <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 5 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1980) ‘Equality of what?’ in S. McMurrin (ed.), The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Salt Lake City, UT: Tanner Humanities Center <http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen80.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1985) ‘Well-being, agency and freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984’, Journal of Philosophy, 82: 169–221 <http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/11AmartyaSen.pdf> [accessed 1 September 2015].

Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. (2004a) ‘Cultural liberty and human development’, in UN Human Development Report 2004, Chapter 1, New York: United Nations Development Programme <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/265/hdr_2004_complete.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (2004b) ‘Capabilities, lists, and public reason: continuing the conversation’, Feminist Economics, 10(3): 77–80 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163>.

Sen, A. (2005) ‘Human rights and capabilities’, Journal of Human Development 6(2): 151–66 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120491>.

Smith, M.L. and Seward, C. (2009) ‘The relational ontology of Amartya Sen’s capability approach: incorporating social and individual causes’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 10(2): 213–35 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452820902940927>.

Stewart, F. (2005) ‘Groups and capabilities’, Journal of Human Development 6(2): 185–204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120517>.

Tiwari, M. (2014) ‘Capability approach, livelihoods and social inclusion: agents of change in rural India’, in S. Ibrahim and M. Tiwari (eds), The Capability Approach. From Theory to Practice, pp. 29–51, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Walker, J., Berekashvili, N. and Lomidze, N. (2014) ‘Valuing time: time use survey, the capability approach, and gender analysis’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 15(1): 47–59 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.837033>.

Alkire, S. and Black, R. (1997) ‘A practical reasoning theory of development ethics: furthering the capabilities approach’, Journal of International Development 9(2): 263–79.

Biggeri, M. and Ferrannini, A. (2014) ‘Opportunity gap analysis: procedures and methods for applying the capability approach in development initiatives’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 15(1): 60–78 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.837036>.

Chand, C. and White, P. (2015) ‘Productive sanitation successfully links toilets and livelihoods’, in Fifth International Dry Toilet Conference, Finland <http://www.huussi.net/en/activities/dt-2015/dt-2015-full-papers/5-solutions-to-food-security/>. [accessed 8 September 2015].

Crawford, M., Menger, L. and Kaufman, M. (2014) ‘“This is a natural process”: managing menstrual stigma in Nepal’, Culture, Health & Sexuality 16(4): 426–39 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.887147>.

Dworkin, R. (1981) ‘What is equality? Part 2: Equality of resources’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 10: 283–345 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265047>.

Dworkin, R. (2000) Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Frediani, A.A., Boni, A. and Gasper, D. (2014) ‘Approaching development projects from a human development and capability perspective’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15(1): 1–12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.879014>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. (2003) ‘The human development paradigm: operationalizing Sen’s ideas on capabilities’, Feminist Economics 9(2/3): 301–17 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077980>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. and Kumar, S. (eds) (2009) Handbook of Human Development: Concepts, Measures and Policies, Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Ibrahim, S.S. (2006) ‘From individual to collective capabilities: the capability approach as a conceptual framework for self-help’, Journal of Human Development, 7(3): 397–416 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880600815982>.

Ibrahim, S. and Tiwari, M. (eds) (2014) The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View, 2nd edn, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) (2014) Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Second Joint Sector Review (Technical Report), Nepal: Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit.

Nussbaum, M. (1997) ‘Capabilities and human rights’, Fordham Law Review, 66(2): 273–300 <http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol66/iss2/2>.

Nussbaum, M. (2000) Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nussbaum, M. (2003) ‘Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice’, Feminist Economics 9(2-3): 33–59 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077926>.

Rautanen, S-L., van Koppen, B. and Wagle, N. (2014) ‘Community-driven multiple use water services: Lessons learned by the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project in Nepal’, Water Alternatives 7(1): 160–177 <http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/volume7/v7issue1-2/239-a7-1-10/file>.

Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (2001) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Richert, A., Gensch, R., Jönsson, H., Stenström, T.A. and Dagerskog, L. (2010) Practical Guidance on the Use of Urine in Crop Production, EcoSanRes Series, 2010-1, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute <http://www.sei-international.org/publications?pid=1582> [accessed 28 April 2015].

Robeyns, I. (2003) ‘Sen’s capability approach and gender inequality: selecting relevant capabilities’, Feminist Economics, 9(2/3): 61–92 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000078024>.

Robeyns, I. (2011) ‘The capability approach’, in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online], <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2011/entries/capability-approach/> [accessed 6 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP) (2008) Gender and Discrimination Study – A Comprehensive Assessment on Gender & Caste Based Discrimination in the Hill Districts of Mid and Far Western Development Regions, Kathmandu: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 4 April 2015].

RVWRMP (2011) Project Document, Nepal: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 7 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (2015) HRBA & GESI Strategy & Action Plan – Operationalizing Human Rights Based Approach and Gender Equality & Social Inclusion Principles in the Water Sector, Pokhara, Nepal: RVWRMP and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Western Nepal Phase II <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 5 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1980) ‘Equality of what?’ in S. McMurrin (ed.), The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Salt Lake City, UT: Tanner Humanities Center <http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen80.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1985) ‘Well-being, agency and freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984’, Journal of Philosophy, 82: 169–221 <http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/11AmartyaSen.pdf> [accessed 1 September 2015].

Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. (2004a) ‘Cultural liberty and human development’, in UN Human Development Report 2004, Chapter 1, New York: United Nations Development Programme <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/265/hdr_2004_complete.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (2004b) ‘Capabilities, lists, and public reason: continuing the conversation’, Feminist Economics, 10(3): 77–80 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163>.

Sen, A. (2005) ‘Human rights and capabilities’, Journal of Human Development 6(2): 151–66 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120491>.

Smith, M.L. and Seward, C. (2009) ‘The relational ontology of Amartya Sen’s capability approach: incorporating social and individual causes’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 10(2): 213–35 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452820902940927>.

Stewart, F. (2005) ‘Groups and capabilities’, Journal of Human Development 6(2): 185–204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120517>.

Tiwari, M. (2014) ‘Capability approach, livelihoods and social inclusion: agents of change in rural India’, in S. Ibrahim and M. Tiwari (eds), The Capability Approach. From Theory to Practice, pp. 29–51, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Walker, J., Berekashvili, N. and Lomidze, N. (2014) ‘Valuing time: time use survey, the capability approach, and gender analysis’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 15(1): 47–59 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.837033>.

Alkire, S. and Black, R. (1997) ‘A practical reasoning theory of development ethics: furthering the capabilities approach’, Journal of International Development 9(2): 263–79.

Biggeri, M. and Ferrannini, A. (2014) ‘Opportunity gap analysis: procedures and methods for applying the capability approach in development initiatives’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 15(1): 60–78 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.837036>.

Chand, C. and White, P. (2015) ‘Productive sanitation successfully links toilets and livelihoods’, in Fifth International Dry Toilet Conference, Finland <http://www.huussi.net/en/activities/dt-2015/dt-2015-full-papers/5-solutions-to-food-security/>. [accessed 8 September 2015].

Crawford, M., Menger, L. and Kaufman, M. (2014) ‘“This is a natural process”: managing menstrual stigma in Nepal’, Culture, Health & Sexuality 16(4): 426–39 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.887147>.

Dworkin, R. (1981) ‘What is equality? Part 2: Equality of resources’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 10: 283–345 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2265047>.

Dworkin, R. (2000) Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Frediani, A.A., Boni, A. and Gasper, D. (2014) ‘Approaching development projects from a human development and capability perspective’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15(1): 1–12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2013.879014>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. (2003) ‘The human development paradigm: operationalizing Sen’s ideas on capabilities’, Feminist Economics 9(2/3): 301–17 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077980>.

Fukuda-Parr, S. and Kumar, S. (eds) (2009) Handbook of Human Development: Concepts, Measures and Policies, Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Ibrahim, S.S. (2006) ‘From individual to collective capabilities: the capability approach as a conceptual framework for self-help’, Journal of Human Development, 7(3): 397–416 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880600815982>.

Ibrahim, S. and Tiwari, M. (eds) (2014) The Capability Approach: From Theory to Practice, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View, 2nd edn, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) (2014) Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Second Joint Sector Review (Technical Report), Nepal: Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit.

Nussbaum, M. (1997) ‘Capabilities and human rights’, Fordham Law Review, 66(2): 273–300 <http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol66/iss2/2>.

Nussbaum, M. (2000) Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nussbaum, M. (2003) ‘Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice’, Feminist Economics 9(2-3): 33–59 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077926>.

Rautanen, S-L., van Koppen, B. and Wagle, N. (2014) ‘Community-driven multiple use water services: Lessons learned by the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project in Nepal’, Water Alternatives 7(1): 160–177 <http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/volume7/v7issue1-2/239-a7-1-10/file>.

Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (2001) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Richert, A., Gensch, R., Jönsson, H., Stenström, T.A. and Dagerskog, L. (2010) Practical Guidance on the Use of Urine in Crop Production, EcoSanRes Series, 2010-1, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute <http://www.sei-international.org/publications?pid=1582> [accessed 28 April 2015].

Robeyns, I. (2003) ‘Sen’s capability approach and gender inequality: selecting relevant capabilities’, Feminist Economics, 9(2/3): 61–92 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000078024>.

Robeyns, I. (2011) ‘The capability approach’, in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online], <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2011/entries/capability-approach/> [accessed 6 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP) (2008) Gender and Discrimination Study – A Comprehensive Assessment on Gender & Caste Based Discrimination in the Hill Districts of Mid and Far Western Development Regions, Kathmandu: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 4 April 2015].

RVWRMP (2011) Project Document, Nepal: RVWRMP <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 7 April 2015].

Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (2015) HRBA & GESI Strategy & Action Plan – Operationalizing Human Rights Based Approach and Gender Equality & Social Inclusion Principles in the Water Sector, Pokhara, Nepal: RVWRMP and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Western Nepal Phase II <http://www.rvwrmp.org.np/rvwrmp-documents.html> [accessed 5 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1980) ‘Equality of what?’ in S. McMurrin (ed.), The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Salt Lake City, UT: Tanner Humanities Center <http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen80.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (1985) ‘Well-being, agency and freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984’, Journal of Philosophy, 82: 169–221 <http://www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/joomlatools-files/docman-files/11AmartyaSen.pdf> [accessed 1 September 2015].

Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. (2004a) ‘Cultural liberty and human development’, in UN Human Development Report 2004, Chapter 1, New York: United Nations Development Programme <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/265/hdr_2004_complete.pdf> [accessed 27 April 2015].

Sen, A. (2004b) ‘Capabilities, lists, and public reason: continuing the conversation’, Feminist Economics, 10(3): 77–80 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570042000315163>.

Sen, A. (2005) ‘Human rights and capabilities’, Journal of Human Development 6(2): 151–66 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649880500120491>.

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