Inefficient technology or misperceived demand: the failure of Vacutug-based pit-emptying services in Bangladesh
Cairncross, S., Bartram, J., Cumming, O. and Brocklehurst, C. (2010) ‘Hygiene, sanitation, and water: what needs to be done?’ PLoS Medicine 7 (11): e1000365 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000365〉.
Chowdhry, S. and Kone, D. (2012) Business Analysis of Fecal Sludge Management: Emptying and Transportation Services in Africa and Asia, Seattle, WA: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Eales, K. (2005) Bringing pit emptying out of the darkness: a comparison of approaches in Durban, South Africa, and Kibera, Kenya, Sanitation Partnerships Series, London: Building Partnership for Development in Water and Sanitation.
Esrey, S.A. (1996) ‘Water, waste, and well-being: a multicountry study’, American Journal of Epidemiology 143 (6): 608-23.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Robers, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69 (5): 609-21 〈www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264〉. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264
Franceys, R., Pickford, J. and Reed, R. (1992) Guide to the Development of On-site Sanitation, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Howard, G. (2002) Healthy Villages: A Guide for Communities and Community Health Workers, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Ingallinella, A.M., Sanguinetti, G., Koottatep, T., Montangero, A. and Strauss, M. (2002) ‘The challenge of faecal sludge management in urban areas: strategies, regulations and treatment options’, Water Science and Technology 46 (10): 285-94.
Jonathan, P. and Masudul, Q. (2008) ‘The challenge of servicing on-site sanitation in dense urban areas: experiences from a pilot project in Dhaka’, Waterlines 27 (2): 149-63 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2008.017〉.
Opel, A. (2012) ‘Absence of faecal sludge management shatters the gains of improved sanitation coverage in Bangladesh’, Journal of Sustainable Sanitation Practice 13 (10): 4-10 〈www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf〉. www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf
Opel, A. and Islam, K. (2013) Faecal Sludge Management: An Emerging Challenge for the Cities in the Developing Countries, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Opel, A., Bashar, M.K. and Ahmed, M.F. (2011) Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Faecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Bangladesh, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Shordt, K. (2006) Review of Safe Disposal of Feces, The Hague, Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
Thye, Y.P., Templeton, M.R. and Ali, M. (2009) ‘Pit latrine emptying: technologies, challenges and solutions’, paper presented in EWB-UK Research Conference, The Royal Academy of Engineering, London, 20 February.
Trémolet, S., Kolsky, P. and Perez, E. (2010) Financing On-Site Sanitation for the Poor: A Six Country Comparative Review and Analysis, Washington, DC: Water and Sanitation Programme, World Bank.
Yousuf, T.B. and Mahmud, W. (2011) A Study on Situation Analysis of Business Model Development of Faecal Sludge Management of Faridpur Municipality, Dhaka: Practical Action and WaterAid Bangladesh.
Cairncross, S., Bartram, J., Cumming, O. and Brocklehurst, C. (2010) ‘Hygiene, sanitation, and water: what needs to be done?’ PLoS Medicine 7 (11): e1000365 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000365〉.
Chowdhry, S. and Kone, D. (2012) Business Analysis of Fecal Sludge Management: Emptying and Transportation Services in Africa and Asia, Seattle, WA: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Eales, K. (2005) Bringing pit emptying out of the darkness: a comparison of approaches in Durban, South Africa, and Kibera, Kenya, Sanitation Partnerships Series, London: Building Partnership for Development in Water and Sanitation.
Esrey, S.A. (1996) ‘Water, waste, and well-being: a multicountry study’, American Journal of Epidemiology 143 (6): 608-23.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Robers, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69 (5): 609-21 〈www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264〉. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264
Franceys, R., Pickford, J. and Reed, R. (1992) Guide to the Development of On-site Sanitation, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Howard, G. (2002) Healthy Villages: A Guide for Communities and Community Health Workers, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Ingallinella, A.M., Sanguinetti, G., Koottatep, T., Montangero, A. and Strauss, M. (2002) ‘The challenge of faecal sludge management in urban areas: strategies, regulations and treatment options’, Water Science and Technology 46 (10): 285-94.
Jonathan, P. and Masudul, Q. (2008) ‘The challenge of servicing on-site sanitation in dense urban areas: experiences from a pilot project in Dhaka’, Waterlines 27 (2): 149-63 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2008.017〉.
Opel, A. (2012) ‘Absence of faecal sludge management shatters the gains of improved sanitation coverage in Bangladesh’, Journal of Sustainable Sanitation Practice 13 (10): 4-10 〈www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf〉. www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf
Opel, A. and Islam, K. (2013) Faecal Sludge Management: An Emerging Challenge for the Cities in the Developing Countries, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Opel, A., Bashar, M.K. and Ahmed, M.F. (2011) Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Faecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Bangladesh, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Shordt, K. (2006) Review of Safe Disposal of Feces, The Hague, Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
Thye, Y.P., Templeton, M.R. and Ali, M. (2009) ‘Pit latrine emptying: technologies, challenges and solutions’, paper presented in EWB-UK Research Conference, The Royal Academy of Engineering, London, 20 February.
Trémolet, S., Kolsky, P. and Perez, E. (2010) Financing On-Site Sanitation for the Poor: A Six Country Comparative Review and Analysis, Washington, DC: Water and Sanitation Programme, World Bank.
Yousuf, T.B. and Mahmud, W. (2011) A Study on Situation Analysis of Business Model Development of Faecal Sludge Management of Faridpur Municipality, Dhaka: Practical Action and WaterAid Bangladesh.
Cairncross, S., Bartram, J., Cumming, O. and Brocklehurst, C. (2010) ‘Hygiene, sanitation, and water: what needs to be done?’ PLoS Medicine 7 (11): e1000365 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000365〉.
Chowdhry, S. and Kone, D. (2012) Business Analysis of Fecal Sludge Management: Emptying and Transportation Services in Africa and Asia, Seattle, WA: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Eales, K. (2005) Bringing pit emptying out of the darkness: a comparison of approaches in Durban, South Africa, and Kibera, Kenya, Sanitation Partnerships Series, London: Building Partnership for Development in Water and Sanitation.
Esrey, S.A. (1996) ‘Water, waste, and well-being: a multicountry study’, American Journal of Epidemiology 143 (6): 608-23.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Robers, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69 (5): 609-21 〈www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264〉. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264
Franceys, R., Pickford, J. and Reed, R. (1992) Guide to the Development of On-site Sanitation, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Howard, G. (2002) Healthy Villages: A Guide for Communities and Community Health Workers, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Ingallinella, A.M., Sanguinetti, G., Koottatep, T., Montangero, A. and Strauss, M. (2002) ‘The challenge of faecal sludge management in urban areas: strategies, regulations and treatment options’, Water Science and Technology 46 (10): 285-94.
Jonathan, P. and Masudul, Q. (2008) ‘The challenge of servicing on-site sanitation in dense urban areas: experiences from a pilot project in Dhaka’, Waterlines 27 (2): 149-63 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2008.017〉.
Opel, A. (2012) ‘Absence of faecal sludge management shatters the gains of improved sanitation coverage in Bangladesh’, Journal of Sustainable Sanitation Practice 13 (10): 4-10 〈www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf〉. www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf
Opel, A. and Islam, K. (2013) Faecal Sludge Management: An Emerging Challenge for the Cities in the Developing Countries, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Opel, A., Bashar, M.K. and Ahmed, M.F. (2011) Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Faecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Bangladesh, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Shordt, K. (2006) Review of Safe Disposal of Feces, The Hague, Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
Thye, Y.P., Templeton, M.R. and Ali, M. (2009) ‘Pit latrine emptying: technologies, challenges and solutions’, paper presented in EWB-UK Research Conference, The Royal Academy of Engineering, London, 20 February.
Trémolet, S., Kolsky, P. and Perez, E. (2010) Financing On-Site Sanitation for the Poor: A Six Country Comparative Review and Analysis, Washington, DC: Water and Sanitation Programme, World Bank.
Yousuf, T.B. and Mahmud, W. (2011) A Study on Situation Analysis of Business Model Development of Faecal Sludge Management of Faridpur Municipality, Dhaka: Practical Action and WaterAid Bangladesh.
Cairncross, S., Bartram, J., Cumming, O. and Brocklehurst, C. (2010) ‘Hygiene, sanitation, and water: what needs to be done?’ PLoS Medicine 7 (11): e1000365 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000365〉.
Chowdhry, S. and Kone, D. (2012) Business Analysis of Fecal Sludge Management: Emptying and Transportation Services in Africa and Asia, Seattle, WA: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Eales, K. (2005) Bringing pit emptying out of the darkness: a comparison of approaches in Durban, South Africa, and Kibera, Kenya, Sanitation Partnerships Series, London: Building Partnership for Development in Water and Sanitation.
Esrey, S.A. (1996) ‘Water, waste, and well-being: a multicountry study’, American Journal of Epidemiology 143 (6): 608-23.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Robers, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69 (5): 609-21 〈www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264〉. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393264
Franceys, R., Pickford, J. and Reed, R. (1992) Guide to the Development of On-site Sanitation, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Howard, G. (2002) Healthy Villages: A Guide for Communities and Community Health Workers, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Ingallinella, A.M., Sanguinetti, G., Koottatep, T., Montangero, A. and Strauss, M. (2002) ‘The challenge of faecal sludge management in urban areas: strategies, regulations and treatment options’, Water Science and Technology 46 (10): 285-94.
Jonathan, P. and Masudul, Q. (2008) ‘The challenge of servicing on-site sanitation in dense urban areas: experiences from a pilot project in Dhaka’, Waterlines 27 (2): 149-63 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2008.017〉.
Opel, A. (2012) ‘Absence of faecal sludge management shatters the gains of improved sanitation coverage in Bangladesh’, Journal of Sustainable Sanitation Practice 13 (10): 4-10 〈www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf〉. www.ecosan.at/ssp/issue-12-faecal-sludge-management/SSP-13_Oct2012.pdf
Opel, A. and Islam, K. (2013) Faecal Sludge Management: An Emerging Challenge for the Cities in the Developing Countries, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Opel, A., Bashar, M.K. and Ahmed, M.F. (2011) Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Faecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Bangladesh, Dhaka: WaterAid Bangladesh.
Shordt, K. (2006) Review of Safe Disposal of Feces, The Hague, Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
Thye, Y.P., Templeton, M.R. and Ali, M. (2009) ‘Pit latrine emptying: technologies, challenges and solutions’, paper presented in EWB-UK Research Conference, The Royal Academy of Engineering, London, 20 February.
Trémolet, S., Kolsky, P. and Perez, E. (2010) Financing On-Site Sanitation for the Poor: A Six Country Comparative Review and Analysis, Washington, DC: Water and Sanitation Programme, World Bank.
Yousuf, T.B. and Mahmud, W. (2011) A Study on Situation Analysis of Business Model Development of Faecal Sludge Management of Faridpur Municipality, Dhaka: Practical Action and WaterAid Bangladesh.
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