Menstrual management in low-income countries: needs and trends
Access to appropriate facilities for menstrual hygiene and management (MHM) is recognized as a neglected need within the sanitation sector globally. However, little is known about the magnitude or trajectory of this need. Further, the particular services and facilities required to meet MHM needs depend on the practices and products employed by women and girls. We use nationally representative data from 58 low and lower-middle income countries to estimate that 800 million women in such countries menstruate regularly. Positive correlations between menstruation and nutritional status, as well as menstruation and household wealth, imply a growing need for menstrual management solutions as poverty declines, but both effects are dwarfed by the impact of declining fertility rates. Data on imports of disposable menstrual products reveal exponential growth in their use in low and especially lower-middle income countries. This trend is likely to continue as incomes grow and markets develop, making ever greater the need for provision of appropriate disposal facilities.Allen, L. (1997) ‘Pregnancy and iron deficiency: unresolved issues’, Nutrition Reviews 55: 91-101. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036787.ch2≯
Allen, L. and Casterline-Sabel, J. (2001) ‘Prevalence and causes of nutritional anemias’, in U. Ramakrishnan (ed.), Nutritional Anemias, Chapter 2, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) ‘Menstrual hygiene and management in developing countries: taking stock’ [online], Museum of Menstruation & Women's Health, <www.mum.org/menhydev.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Crofts, T. and Fisher, J. (2012) ‘Menstrual hygiene in Ugandan schools: an investigation of low-cost sanitary pads’, Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2: 50-58.
Garg, R., Goyal, S. and Gupta, S. (2012) ‘India moves towards menstrual hygiene: subsidized sanitary napkins for rural adolescent girls - issues and challenges’, Maternal and Child Health Journal 16 (4): 767-74. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0798-5≯
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2000) ‘Menstrual dysfunction: a missed opportunity for improving reproductive health in developing countries’, Reproductive Health Matters 8: 142-57. <www.jstor.org/stable/3775199≯ www.jstor.org/stable/3775199
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2004) ‘Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in developing countries: a systematic review’, International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 111: 6-16. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00012.x≯
Kjellen, M., Pensulo, C., Nordqvist, P. and Fodge, M. (2011) Global Review of Sanitation System Trends and Interactions with Menstrual Management Practices. Report for the Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems Project, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.
Northern Cape Provincial Government (2010) ‘Premier launches sanitary towels/pads campaign’ [online], press release <www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Determinants of Technology Adoption: Private Value and Peer Effects in Menstrual Cup Take-Up, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14828, Cambridge, MA: NBER.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) 2010 Annual Report [online] <http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Seymour, K. (2008) Bangladesh: Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Taboos, UNICEF Sanitation and Hygiene, Case #10, New York: UNICEF.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting menstrual hygiene management on to the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29 (4): 268-78. <http://dx.doi.org.proxy-um.researchport.umd.edu/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030≯
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low Income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, report prepared for Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD: University of Maryland.
SWETA (2010) Operational Guidelines, Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Rural Areas, New Delhi, India: National Rural Health Mission.
Thomas, F., Renaud, F., Benefice, E., De Meeus, T. and Guegan, J-F. (2001) ‘International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: patterns and main determinants’, Journal of Human Biology 73: 271-90. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0029≯
The Tribune (2011) ‘One-rupee sanitary napkin for rural girls: Phase I of the scheme will cover 1.5 cr girls in 152 districts of 20 states’ [online], Tribune News Service, <www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm
WHO/UNICEF (2012) ‘Progress on drinking water and sanitation: 2012 update’, New York, NY: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. <www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf
Allen, L. (1997) ‘Pregnancy and iron deficiency: unresolved issues’, Nutrition Reviews 55: 91-101. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036787.ch2≯
Allen, L. and Casterline-Sabel, J. (2001) ‘Prevalence and causes of nutritional anemias’, in U. Ramakrishnan (ed.), Nutritional Anemias, Chapter 2, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) ‘Menstrual hygiene and management in developing countries: taking stock’ [online], Museum of Menstruation & Women's Health, <www.mum.org/menhydev.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Crofts, T. and Fisher, J. (2012) ‘Menstrual hygiene in Ugandan schools: an investigation of low-cost sanitary pads’, Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2: 50-58.
Garg, R., Goyal, S. and Gupta, S. (2012) ‘India moves towards menstrual hygiene: subsidized sanitary napkins for rural adolescent girls - issues and challenges’, Maternal and Child Health Journal 16 (4): 767-74. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0798-5≯
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2000) ‘Menstrual dysfunction: a missed opportunity for improving reproductive health in developing countries’, Reproductive Health Matters 8: 142-57. <www.jstor.org/stable/3775199≯ www.jstor.org/stable/3775199
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2004) ‘Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in developing countries: a systematic review’, International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 111: 6-16. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00012.x≯
Kjellen, M., Pensulo, C., Nordqvist, P. and Fodge, M. (2011) Global Review of Sanitation System Trends and Interactions with Menstrual Management Practices. Report for the Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems Project, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.
Northern Cape Provincial Government (2010) ‘Premier launches sanitary towels/pads campaign’ [online], press release <www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Determinants of Technology Adoption: Private Value and Peer Effects in Menstrual Cup Take-Up, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14828, Cambridge, MA: NBER.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) 2010 Annual Report [online] <http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Seymour, K. (2008) Bangladesh: Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Taboos, UNICEF Sanitation and Hygiene, Case #10, New York: UNICEF.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting menstrual hygiene management on to the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29 (4): 268-78. <http://dx.doi.org.proxy-um.researchport.umd.edu/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030≯
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low Income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, report prepared for Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD: University of Maryland.
SWETA (2010) Operational Guidelines, Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Rural Areas, New Delhi, India: National Rural Health Mission.
Thomas, F., Renaud, F., Benefice, E., De Meeus, T. and Guegan, J-F. (2001) ‘International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: patterns and main determinants’, Journal of Human Biology 73: 271-90. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0029≯
The Tribune (2011) ‘One-rupee sanitary napkin for rural girls: Phase I of the scheme will cover 1.5 cr girls in 152 districts of 20 states’ [online], Tribune News Service, <www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm
WHO/UNICEF (2012) ‘Progress on drinking water and sanitation: 2012 update’, New York, NY: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. <www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf
Allen, L. (1997) ‘Pregnancy and iron deficiency: unresolved issues’, Nutrition Reviews 55: 91-101. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036787.ch2≯
Allen, L. and Casterline-Sabel, J. (2001) ‘Prevalence and causes of nutritional anemias’, in U. Ramakrishnan (ed.), Nutritional Anemias, Chapter 2, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) ‘Menstrual hygiene and management in developing countries: taking stock’ [online], Museum of Menstruation & Women's Health, <www.mum.org/menhydev.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Crofts, T. and Fisher, J. (2012) ‘Menstrual hygiene in Ugandan schools: an investigation of low-cost sanitary pads’, Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2: 50-58.
Garg, R., Goyal, S. and Gupta, S. (2012) ‘India moves towards menstrual hygiene: subsidized sanitary napkins for rural adolescent girls - issues and challenges’, Maternal and Child Health Journal 16 (4): 767-74. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0798-5≯
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2000) ‘Menstrual dysfunction: a missed opportunity for improving reproductive health in developing countries’, Reproductive Health Matters 8: 142-57. <www.jstor.org/stable/3775199≯ www.jstor.org/stable/3775199
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2004) ‘Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in developing countries: a systematic review’, International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 111: 6-16. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00012.x≯
Kjellen, M., Pensulo, C., Nordqvist, P. and Fodge, M. (2011) Global Review of Sanitation System Trends and Interactions with Menstrual Management Practices. Report for the Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems Project, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.
Northern Cape Provincial Government (2010) ‘Premier launches sanitary towels/pads campaign’ [online], press release <www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Determinants of Technology Adoption: Private Value and Peer Effects in Menstrual Cup Take-Up, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14828, Cambridge, MA: NBER.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) 2010 Annual Report [online] <http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Seymour, K. (2008) Bangladesh: Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Taboos, UNICEF Sanitation and Hygiene, Case #10, New York: UNICEF.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting menstrual hygiene management on to the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29 (4): 268-78. <http://dx.doi.org.proxy-um.researchport.umd.edu/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030≯
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low Income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, report prepared for Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD: University of Maryland.
SWETA (2010) Operational Guidelines, Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Rural Areas, New Delhi, India: National Rural Health Mission.
Thomas, F., Renaud, F., Benefice, E., De Meeus, T. and Guegan, J-F. (2001) ‘International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: patterns and main determinants’, Journal of Human Biology 73: 271-90. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0029≯
The Tribune (2011) ‘One-rupee sanitary napkin for rural girls: Phase I of the scheme will cover 1.5 cr girls in 152 districts of 20 states’ [online], Tribune News Service, <www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm
WHO/UNICEF (2012) ‘Progress on drinking water and sanitation: 2012 update’, New York, NY: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. <www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf
Allen, L. (1997) ‘Pregnancy and iron deficiency: unresolved issues’, Nutrition Reviews 55: 91-101. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420036787.ch2≯
Allen, L. and Casterline-Sabel, J. (2001) ‘Prevalence and causes of nutritional anemias’, in U. Ramakrishnan (ed.), Nutritional Anemias, Chapter 2, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) ‘Menstrual hygiene and management in developing countries: taking stock’ [online], Museum of Menstruation & Women's Health, <www.mum.org/menhydev.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Crofts, T. and Fisher, J. (2012) ‘Menstrual hygiene in Ugandan schools: an investigation of low-cost sanitary pads’, Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2: 50-58.
Garg, R., Goyal, S. and Gupta, S. (2012) ‘India moves towards menstrual hygiene: subsidized sanitary napkins for rural adolescent girls - issues and challenges’, Maternal and Child Health Journal 16 (4): 767-74. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0798-5≯
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2000) ‘Menstrual dysfunction: a missed opportunity for improving reproductive health in developing countries’, Reproductive Health Matters 8: 142-57. <www.jstor.org/stable/3775199≯ www.jstor.org/stable/3775199
Harlow, S.D. and Campbell, O.M.R. (2004) ‘Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in developing countries: a systematic review’, International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 111: 6-16. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00012.x≯
Kjellen, M., Pensulo, C., Nordqvist, P. and Fodge, M. (2011) Global Review of Sanitation System Trends and Interactions with Menstrual Management Practices. Report for the Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems Project, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.
Northern Cape Provincial Government (2010) ‘Premier launches sanitary towels/pads campaign’ [online], press release <www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.northern-cape.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=405:premier-launches-sanitary-towelspads-campaign&catid=42:latestnews&Itemid=91
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Determinants of Technology Adoption: Private Value and Peer Effects in Menstrual Cup Take-Up, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14828, Cambridge, MA: NBER.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) 2010 Annual Report [online] <http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. http://annualreport.pg.com/annualreport2010/ touching-and-improving-lives/index.shtml
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Seymour, K. (2008) Bangladesh: Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Taboos, UNICEF Sanitation and Hygiene, Case #10, New York: UNICEF.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting menstrual hygiene management on to the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29 (4): 268-78. <http://dx.doi.org.proxy-um.researchport.umd.edu/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030≯
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low Income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, report prepared for Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD: University of Maryland.
SWETA (2010) Operational Guidelines, Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Rural Areas, New Delhi, India: National Rural Health Mission.
Thomas, F., Renaud, F., Benefice, E., De Meeus, T. and Guegan, J-F. (2001) ‘International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: patterns and main determinants’, Journal of Human Biology 73: 271-90. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0029≯
The Tribune (2011) ‘One-rupee sanitary napkin for rural girls: Phase I of the scheme will cover 1.5 cr girls in 152 districts of 20 states’ [online], Tribune News Service, <www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm≯ [accessed 27 February 2013]. www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110518/main8.htm
WHO/UNICEF (2012) ‘Progress on drinking water and sanitation: 2012 update’, New York, NY: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. <www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf≯ www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf
Increase in Serotonin Transporter Binding in Patients With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Case-Control Longitudinal Neuroreceptor Ligand Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study
Sacher, Julia
Zsido, Rachel G.
Barth, Claudia
Zientek, Franziska
Rullmann, Michael
Luthardt, Julia
Patt, Marianne
Becker, Georg A.
Rusjan, Pablo
Witte, A. Veronica
Regenthal, Ralf
Koushik, Abhay
Kratzsch, Juergen
Decker, Beate
Jogschies, Petra
Villringer, Arno
Hesse, Swen
Sabri, Osama
Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 93 (2023), Iss. 12 P.1081
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.023 [Citations: 12]What is the scope for addressing menstrual hygiene management in complex humanitarian emergencies? A global review
Marni Sommer, Marni Sommer
Margaret L. Schmitt, Margaret L. Schmitt
David Clatworthy, David Clatworthy
Gina Bramucci, Gina Bramucci
Erin Wheeler, Erin Wheeler
Ruwan Ratnayake, Ruwan Ratnayake
Waterlines, Vol. 35 (2016), Iss. 3 P.245
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2016.024 [Citations: 30]Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents with Disabilities
Menstruation and the Girl with Visual Impairment
Karimu, Alimata Abdul
2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7914-1_5 [Citations: 0]Menstrual hygiene management among women and adolescent girls in the aftermath of the earthquake in Nepal
Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar
Bhattachan, Meika
Castro-Sánchez, Enrique
Sagtani, Reshu Agrawal
Rayamajhi, Rajan Bikram
Rai, Pramila
Sharma, Gaurav
BMC Women's Health, Vol. 18 (2018), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0527-y [Citations: 51]“Bitten By Shyness”: Menstrual Hygiene Management, Sanitation, and the Quest for Privacy in South Africa
Scorgie, Fiona
Foster, Jennifer
Stadler, Jonathan
Phiri, Thokozile
Hoppenjans, Laura
Rees, Helen
Muller, Nancy
Medical Anthropology, Vol. 35 (2016), Iss. 2 P.161
https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2015.1094067 [Citations: 49]Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, practices and effectiveness of menstrual hygiene interventions in rural schools from Lilongwe, Malawi
Chidya, Russel
Kachuma, Olivia
Thole, Tchaka
Banda, Louis
Loewenberger, Mark
Nicholson, Jennifer
BMC Public Health, Vol. 24 (2024), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18940-w [Citations: 0]Acceptability of menstrual products interventions for menstrual hygiene management among women and girls in Malawi
Kambala, Christabel
Chinangwa, Angela
Chipeta, Effie
Torondel, Belen
Morse, Tracy
Reproductive Health, Vol. 17 (2020), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-01045-z [Citations: 31]The Bishesta campaign: a menstrual hygiene management intervention for people with intellectual impairments and their carers
Jane Wilbur, Jane Wilbur
Islay Mactaggart, Islay Mactaggart
Thérèse Mahon, Thérèse Mahon
Belen Torondel, Belen Torondel
Shaffa Hameed, Shaffa Hameed
Hannah Kuper, Hannah Kuper
Waterlines, Vol. 40 (2021), Iss. 3 P.209
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.21-00004 [Citations: 2]Secrets, shame and discipline: School girls' experiences of sanitation and menstrual hygiene management in a peri-urban community in Ghana
Rheinländer, Thilde
Gyapong, Margaret
Akpakli, David Etsey
Konradsen, Flemming
Health Care for Women International, Vol. 40 (2019), Iss. 1 P.13
https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1444041 [Citations: 34]Who is the Woman in Women’s Nutrition? A Narrative Review of Evidence and Actions to Support Women’s Nutrition throughout Life
Fox, Elizabeth L
Davis, Claire
Downs, Shauna M
Schultink, Werner
Fanzo, Jessica
Current Developments in Nutrition, Vol. 3 (2019), Iss. 1 P.nzy076
https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy076 [Citations: 22]The Knowledge Base for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Targets on Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene
Hutton, Guy
Chase, Claire
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 13 (2016), Iss. 6 P.536
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060536 [Citations: 156]Effect of a combined household-level piped water and sanitation intervention on reported menstrual hygiene practices and symptoms of urogenital infections in rural Odisha, India
Torondel, Belen
Ferma, Jane
Francis, Suzanna C.
Caruso, Bethany A.
Routray, Parimita
Reese, Heather
Clasen, Thomas
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Vol. 239 (2022), Iss. P.113866
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113866 [Citations: 8]Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 7): Injury Prevention and Environmental Health
Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Hutton, Guy
Chase, Claire
2017
https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0522-6_ch9 [Citations: 38]Seeking synergies: understanding the evidence that links menstrual health and sexual and reproductive health and rights
Wilson, Lucy C
Rademacher, Kate H
Rosenbaum, Julia
Callahan, Rebecca L
Nanda, Geeta
Fry, Sarah
Mackenzie, Amelia C L
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 29 (2021), Iss. 1 P.44
https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2021.1882791 [Citations: 21]Menstrual health and period poverty in Lebanon during economic crisis: A qualitative analysis of the challenges and recommendations
Elhage Hassan, Malika
Doumat, George
Daher, Darine
Al Tannir, Abdul Hafiz
Hassan, Bashar
Chidiac, Charbel
Hariri, Hussein
Hatab, Taha
Abou Daher, Alaa
Ezzedin, Omar
Fouad, Fouad M.
Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Vol. 4 (2022), Iss.
https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.920461 [Citations: 0]- A call to action: organizational, professional, and personal change for gender transformative WASH programming
- Providing municipal faecal sludge management services: lessons from Bangladesh
- Menstrual hygiene management: education and empowerment for girls?
- Webwatch
- Transgender-inclusive sanitation: insights from South Asia
Browse our other journals
