On the road to sustainable sanitation: an overview of practices and lessons learned from a sanitation programme in Malawi
This paper details practices and lessons learned from a sanitation programme implemented at Embangweni and Ekwendeni in Mzimba district, northern Malawi. The programme began in 2002 when the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) Synod of Livingstonia partnered with WaterAid, a British charity exclusively dedicated to provision of safe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene education messages to the world's poorest people. The partnership was established to focus on sanitation and hygiene within the coverage area of the CCAP Synod of Livingstonia's Embangweni and Ekwendeni mission hospitals. In this paper the activities and practices which influenced the success of the programme are highlighted together with the sustainability issues influencing the experimentation, innovations and behavioural change initiatives in the programme. Finally, this paper brings to light a detailed account of what worked and what did not work.Bleslin, E.D. (2002) ‘Introducing ecological sanitation: Some lessons from a small town pilot project in Mozambique’, Water, Science and Technology 45: 217-24.
D'Souza, B. (2005) Drivers for the Uptake of Ecological Sanitation in Embangweni, Malawi, London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Morgan, P. (2001) Ecological Sanitation in Zimbabwe: A Compilation of Manuals and Experiences, Vols I, II and III, Harare, Zimbabwe: Aquamor.
Morgan, P. (2009) Toilets that Make Compost: Low Cost Sanitary Toilets that Produce Valuable Compost for Crops in an African Context, Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing.
Sugden, S. (2003) ‘One step closer to sustainable sanitation: the experiences of eco-sanitation project in Malawi’, Malawi: WaterAid. <www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf≯ www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf
Bleslin, E.D. (2002) ‘Introducing ecological sanitation: Some lessons from a small town pilot project in Mozambique’, Water, Science and Technology 45: 217-24.
D'Souza, B. (2005) Drivers for the Uptake of Ecological Sanitation in Embangweni, Malawi, London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Morgan, P. (2001) Ecological Sanitation in Zimbabwe: A Compilation of Manuals and Experiences, Vols I, II and III, Harare, Zimbabwe: Aquamor.
Morgan, P. (2009) Toilets that Make Compost: Low Cost Sanitary Toilets that Produce Valuable Compost for Crops in an African Context, Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing.
Sugden, S. (2003) ‘One step closer to sustainable sanitation: the experiences of eco-sanitation project in Malawi’, Malawi: WaterAid. <www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf≯ www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf
Bleslin, E.D. (2002) ‘Introducing ecological sanitation: Some lessons from a small town pilot project in Mozambique’, Water, Science and Technology 45: 217-24.
D'Souza, B. (2005) Drivers for the Uptake of Ecological Sanitation in Embangweni, Malawi, London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Morgan, P. (2001) Ecological Sanitation in Zimbabwe: A Compilation of Manuals and Experiences, Vols I, II and III, Harare, Zimbabwe: Aquamor.
Morgan, P. (2009) Toilets that Make Compost: Low Cost Sanitary Toilets that Produce Valuable Compost for Crops in an African Context, Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing.
Sugden, S. (2003) ‘One step closer to sustainable sanitation: the experiences of eco-sanitation project in Malawi’, Malawi: WaterAid. <www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf≯ www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf
Bleslin, E.D. (2002) ‘Introducing ecological sanitation: Some lessons from a small town pilot project in Mozambique’, Water, Science and Technology 45: 217-24.
D'Souza, B. (2005) Drivers for the Uptake of Ecological Sanitation in Embangweni, Malawi, London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Morgan, P. (2001) Ecological Sanitation in Zimbabwe: A Compilation of Manuals and Experiences, Vols I, II and III, Harare, Zimbabwe: Aquamor.
Morgan, P. (2009) Toilets that Make Compost: Low Cost Sanitary Toilets that Produce Valuable Compost for Crops in an African Context, Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing.
Sugden, S. (2003) ‘One step closer to sustainable sanitation: the experiences of eco-sanitation project in Malawi’, Malawi: WaterAid. <www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf≯ www.wateraid.org/documents/revised_eco_sanitation_reportv2_0308.pdf
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