More than just counting toilets: The complexities of monitoring for sustainability in sanitation
Most attention for monitoring sanitation growth worldwide has been focused on household-level infrastructure improvements aimed towards targets within the Millennium Development Goals. With the realization that achieving the target by 2015 is highly unlikely, sanitation monitoring strategies have been the subject of much debate and discussion of late. This brief will summarize existing trends in sanitation monitoring as well as pose questions for discussion, with the overall objective of moving towards monitoring, learning, and evaluation strategies that paint a more holistic picture of the health of a sanitation ‘system’. This system is one which incorporates numerous stakeholders and perspectives, and one which should have the proper incentives, motivations, and capacities in place to be self-sustaining, equitable, and able to expand without the ongoing need for outside aid.Burr, P.A. (2011) Applying the Life-Cycle Costs Approach to Sanitation, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, Netherlands.
Hutton, G. (2012) Overview of Process of Identifying Global Goal, Targets & Indicators Post-2015, WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation, Singapore.
Kvarnström, E., McConville, J., Bracken, P., Johansson, M. and Fogde, M. (2011) ‘The sanitation ladder: A need for a revamp?’ Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1: 3-12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.014≯.
Potter, A. (2011) Assessing Sanitation Service Levels, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Schaub-Jones, D. (2011) ‘Market-based approaches to water and sanitation: The role of entrepreneurship’, Waterlines 30: 5-20 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2011.002≯
UNICEF and World Health Organization (2012) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update, UNICEF and World Health Organization, New York.
Waddington, H., Snilstveit, B., White, H. and Fewtrell, L. (2009) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Combat Childhood Diarrhea in Developing Countries, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Washington, DC.
WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) (2011) Report of the First Consultation on Post-2015 Monitoring of Drinking-Water and Sanitation, UNICEF and World Health Organization, Berlin.
Burr, P.A. (2011) Applying the Life-Cycle Costs Approach to Sanitation, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, Netherlands.
Hutton, G. (2012) Overview of Process of Identifying Global Goal, Targets & Indicators Post-2015, WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation, Singapore.
Kvarnström, E., McConville, J., Bracken, P., Johansson, M. and Fogde, M. (2011) ‘The sanitation ladder: A need for a revamp?’ Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1: 3-12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.014≯.
Potter, A. (2011) Assessing Sanitation Service Levels, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Schaub-Jones, D. (2011) ‘Market-based approaches to water and sanitation: The role of entrepreneurship’, Waterlines 30: 5-20 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2011.002≯
UNICEF and World Health Organization (2012) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update, UNICEF and World Health Organization, New York.
Waddington, H., Snilstveit, B., White, H. and Fewtrell, L. (2009) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Combat Childhood Diarrhea in Developing Countries, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Washington, DC.
WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) (2011) Report of the First Consultation on Post-2015 Monitoring of Drinking-Water and Sanitation, UNICEF and World Health Organization, Berlin.
Burr, P.A. (2011) Applying the Life-Cycle Costs Approach to Sanitation, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, Netherlands.
Hutton, G. (2012) Overview of Process of Identifying Global Goal, Targets & Indicators Post-2015, WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation, Singapore.
Kvarnström, E., McConville, J., Bracken, P., Johansson, M. and Fogde, M. (2011) ‘The sanitation ladder: A need for a revamp?’ Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1: 3-12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.014≯.
Potter, A. (2011) Assessing Sanitation Service Levels, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Schaub-Jones, D. (2011) ‘Market-based approaches to water and sanitation: The role of entrepreneurship’, Waterlines 30: 5-20 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2011.002≯
UNICEF and World Health Organization (2012) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update, UNICEF and World Health Organization, New York.
Waddington, H., Snilstveit, B., White, H. and Fewtrell, L. (2009) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Combat Childhood Diarrhea in Developing Countries, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Washington, DC.
WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) (2011) Report of the First Consultation on Post-2015 Monitoring of Drinking-Water and Sanitation, UNICEF and World Health Organization, Berlin.
Burr, P.A. (2011) Applying the Life-Cycle Costs Approach to Sanitation, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, Netherlands.
Hutton, G. (2012) Overview of Process of Identifying Global Goal, Targets & Indicators Post-2015, WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation, Singapore.
Kvarnström, E., McConville, J., Bracken, P., Johansson, M. and Fogde, M. (2011) ‘The sanitation ladder: A need for a revamp?’ Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1: 3-12 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.014≯.
Potter, A. (2011) Assessing Sanitation Service Levels, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Schaub-Jones, D. (2011) ‘Market-based approaches to water and sanitation: The role of entrepreneurship’, Waterlines 30: 5-20 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2011.002≯
UNICEF and World Health Organization (2012) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update, UNICEF and World Health Organization, New York.
Waddington, H., Snilstveit, B., White, H. and Fewtrell, L. (2009) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Combat Childhood Diarrhea in Developing Countries, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Washington, DC.
WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) (2011) Report of the First Consultation on Post-2015 Monitoring of Drinking-Water and Sanitation, UNICEF and World Health Organization, Berlin.
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