Solar (photovoltaic) powered water pumping (PVP) has great potential for the supply of water to rural communities in developing countries. This paper introduces a case study from the Kunene region, Namibia, and explores opportunities and obstacles for PVP in rural water supply, such as theft of solar panels, externalities, training and capacity building, water supply monitoring, sanitation, and community-based management. The notion of ‘handover for full ownership’ of water points to communities is challenged, as there is a mismatch between the prescribed roles and capabilities of water-point associations. In order to enhance the success of PVP schemes, the study proposes flexible approaches to cost recovery, maintenance of social infrastructures as well as physical ones, and encourages ways to enhance mutual learning and solutions tailored to the environment. It is suggested that there may be a bias against the technology owing to high initial costs and current emphasis on building new infrastructures as well as unfamiliarity amongst communities and practitioners with the advantages of this approach.

Binder, D. (2008) Sustainability of Water Service Delivery in Rural Environment: Past Approaches and the Way Forward. Review of Literature, Emerging Markets Group, London.

Bucher, W. (1996) ‘Aspects of solar water pumping in remote regions’, Energy for Sustainable Development 3: 8-27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60201-X≯.

Carter, R.C. (2009) ‘Operation and maintenance of rural water supplies’, Perspectives No. 2, Rural Water Supply Network, St Gallen, Switzerland.

Cleaver, F. and Toner, A. (2006) ‘The evolution of community water governance in Uchira, Tanzania: The implications for equality of access, sustainability and effectiveness’, Natural Resources Forum 30: 207-218 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2006.00115.x≯.

EMCON Consulting Group (2006) ‘Feasibility assessment of the replacement of diesel water pumps with solar water pumps. Final report’, Barrier Removal to Namibian Renewable Energy Progamme (NAMREP). Government of Namibia, GEF and UNDP, Windhoek, Namibia.

European Commission (2008) Reforming Technical Cooperation and Project Implementation Units for External Aid provided by the European Commission. A backbone strategy, EC, Luxembourg.

Gbadegesin, N. and Olorunfemi, F. (2007) Assessment of Rural Water Supply Management in Selected Rural Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria, African Technology Policy Studies Network, Nairobi, Kenya.

Gillham, B. (2000) Case Study Research Methods, Real World Research, Continuum, London.

Government of Namibia and Icelandic International Development Agency (2010) Water is Life: Supply of Water in Northern Kunene Region, Namibia [website] <https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/

Government of Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment (2007) Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report 2007, MWE, Kampala, Uganda.

Hahn, A. (2002) ‘Photovoltaic water pumps’, Appropriate Technology 29: 48-50.

Harvey, P.A. (2007) ‘Cost determination and sustainable financing for rural water services in sub-Saharan Africa’, Water Policy 9: 373-391 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.012≯.

IIED (2009) Where Every Drop Counts: Tackling Rural Africa's Water Crisis. IIED Briefing Paper, IIED, London.

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010a) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 1: Review and Assessment of Existing Situation. IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

IWRM Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010b) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 2: The Assessment of Resources Potential and Development Needs, IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

Kaldellis, J.K., Meidanis, E. and Zafirakis, D. (2011) ‘Experimental energy analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic-based water pumping installation’, Applied Energy 88: 4556-4562 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.036≯.

Lorentz (2008) Solar Water Pumps in Namibia: A Comparison between Solar and Diesel [website], Lorentz <http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf

Lush, D. (1999) ‘Wells of hope: The Namibian Red Cross in action’, The Magazine of the International Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement, <http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp≯ http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp

Mahmoud, E. and el Nather, H. (2003) Renewable energy and sustainable developments in Egypt: Photovoltaic water pumping in remote areas. Applied Energy 74: 141-147 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00140-X≯.

MAWF (2007) Supply of water to Epupa and Opuwo Constituencies, Kunene Region, Namibia, Project Document, in cooperation with ICEIDA, Icelandic International Development Agency, Rural Water Development and Planning, Windhoek, Namibia.

Mohamad, K. (2007) ‘Priority option of photovoltaic systems for water pumping in rural areas in ESCWA member countries’, Desalination 209: 73-77 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.011≯.

Nott, C. (nd) Going Beyond Sustainable Management of Wildlife [website] <http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf≯ [accessed 20 June 2011]. http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf

Practical Action (2010) Solar (Photovoltaic) Water Pumping. Technical Brief, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK.

Robinson, A. (2004) ‘Lessons learned from rural water supply projects in the Philippines: Identifying elements of sustainability’, in E. Knebel (ed.), Field Notes, Water and Sanitation Program - East Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Short, T.D. and Thompson, P. (2003) ‘Breaking the mould: Solar water pumping - The challenges and the reality’, Solar Energy 75: 1-9 ≯http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00233-0≯.

Truebody, M. (ed.) (2004) 10 Years. Directorate of Rural Water Supply 1993-2003, DRWS, DWA, MAWRD, Windhoek, Namibia.

Weimer, D.L. and Vining, A.R. (2005) Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

WELL (2005) Operation and Maintenance for Rural Water Services. Sustainable Solutions. Briefing Note 15, DFID Resource Centre in Water, Sanitation & Environmental Health, Loughborough, UK.

Windhoek Consulting Engineers (2001) Kunene Region Rural Water Supply Development Plan, DRWS, Windhoek, Namibia.

Binder, D. (2008) Sustainability of Water Service Delivery in Rural Environment: Past Approaches and the Way Forward. Review of Literature, Emerging Markets Group, London.

Bucher, W. (1996) ‘Aspects of solar water pumping in remote regions’, Energy for Sustainable Development 3: 8-27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60201-X≯.

Carter, R.C. (2009) ‘Operation and maintenance of rural water supplies’, Perspectives No. 2, Rural Water Supply Network, St Gallen, Switzerland.

Cleaver, F. and Toner, A. (2006) ‘The evolution of community water governance in Uchira, Tanzania: The implications for equality of access, sustainability and effectiveness’, Natural Resources Forum 30: 207-218 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2006.00115.x≯.

EMCON Consulting Group (2006) ‘Feasibility assessment of the replacement of diesel water pumps with solar water pumps. Final report’, Barrier Removal to Namibian Renewable Energy Progamme (NAMREP). Government of Namibia, GEF and UNDP, Windhoek, Namibia.

European Commission (2008) Reforming Technical Cooperation and Project Implementation Units for External Aid provided by the European Commission. A backbone strategy, EC, Luxembourg.

Gbadegesin, N. and Olorunfemi, F. (2007) Assessment of Rural Water Supply Management in Selected Rural Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria, African Technology Policy Studies Network, Nairobi, Kenya.

Gillham, B. (2000) Case Study Research Methods, Real World Research, Continuum, London.

Government of Namibia and Icelandic International Development Agency (2010) Water is Life: Supply of Water in Northern Kunene Region, Namibia [website] <https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/

Government of Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment (2007) Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report 2007, MWE, Kampala, Uganda.

Hahn, A. (2002) ‘Photovoltaic water pumps’, Appropriate Technology 29: 48-50.

Harvey, P.A. (2007) ‘Cost determination and sustainable financing for rural water services in sub-Saharan Africa’, Water Policy 9: 373-391 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.012≯.

IIED (2009) Where Every Drop Counts: Tackling Rural Africa's Water Crisis. IIED Briefing Paper, IIED, London.

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010a) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 1: Review and Assessment of Existing Situation. IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

IWRM Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010b) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 2: The Assessment of Resources Potential and Development Needs, IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

Kaldellis, J.K., Meidanis, E. and Zafirakis, D. (2011) ‘Experimental energy analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic-based water pumping installation’, Applied Energy 88: 4556-4562 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.036≯.

Lorentz (2008) Solar Water Pumps in Namibia: A Comparison between Solar and Diesel [website], Lorentz <http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf

Lush, D. (1999) ‘Wells of hope: The Namibian Red Cross in action’, The Magazine of the International Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement, <http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp≯ http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp

Mahmoud, E. and el Nather, H. (2003) Renewable energy and sustainable developments in Egypt: Photovoltaic water pumping in remote areas. Applied Energy 74: 141-147 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00140-X≯.

MAWF (2007) Supply of water to Epupa and Opuwo Constituencies, Kunene Region, Namibia, Project Document, in cooperation with ICEIDA, Icelandic International Development Agency, Rural Water Development and Planning, Windhoek, Namibia.

Mohamad, K. (2007) ‘Priority option of photovoltaic systems for water pumping in rural areas in ESCWA member countries’, Desalination 209: 73-77 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.011≯.

Nott, C. (nd) Going Beyond Sustainable Management of Wildlife [website] <http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf≯ [accessed 20 June 2011]. http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf

Practical Action (2010) Solar (Photovoltaic) Water Pumping. Technical Brief, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK.

Robinson, A. (2004) ‘Lessons learned from rural water supply projects in the Philippines: Identifying elements of sustainability’, in E. Knebel (ed.), Field Notes, Water and Sanitation Program - East Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Short, T.D. and Thompson, P. (2003) ‘Breaking the mould: Solar water pumping - The challenges and the reality’, Solar Energy 75: 1-9 ≯http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00233-0≯.

Truebody, M. (ed.) (2004) 10 Years. Directorate of Rural Water Supply 1993-2003, DRWS, DWA, MAWRD, Windhoek, Namibia.

Weimer, D.L. and Vining, A.R. (2005) Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

WELL (2005) Operation and Maintenance for Rural Water Services. Sustainable Solutions. Briefing Note 15, DFID Resource Centre in Water, Sanitation & Environmental Health, Loughborough, UK.

Windhoek Consulting Engineers (2001) Kunene Region Rural Water Supply Development Plan, DRWS, Windhoek, Namibia.

Binder, D. (2008) Sustainability of Water Service Delivery in Rural Environment: Past Approaches and the Way Forward. Review of Literature, Emerging Markets Group, London.

Bucher, W. (1996) ‘Aspects of solar water pumping in remote regions’, Energy for Sustainable Development 3: 8-27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60201-X≯.

Carter, R.C. (2009) ‘Operation and maintenance of rural water supplies’, Perspectives No. 2, Rural Water Supply Network, St Gallen, Switzerland.

Cleaver, F. and Toner, A. (2006) ‘The evolution of community water governance in Uchira, Tanzania: The implications for equality of access, sustainability and effectiveness’, Natural Resources Forum 30: 207-218 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2006.00115.x≯.

EMCON Consulting Group (2006) ‘Feasibility assessment of the replacement of diesel water pumps with solar water pumps. Final report’, Barrier Removal to Namibian Renewable Energy Progamme (NAMREP). Government of Namibia, GEF and UNDP, Windhoek, Namibia.

European Commission (2008) Reforming Technical Cooperation and Project Implementation Units for External Aid provided by the European Commission. A backbone strategy, EC, Luxembourg.

Gbadegesin, N. and Olorunfemi, F. (2007) Assessment of Rural Water Supply Management in Selected Rural Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria, African Technology Policy Studies Network, Nairobi, Kenya.

Gillham, B. (2000) Case Study Research Methods, Real World Research, Continuum, London.

Government of Namibia and Icelandic International Development Agency (2010) Water is Life: Supply of Water in Northern Kunene Region, Namibia [website] <https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/

Government of Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment (2007) Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report 2007, MWE, Kampala, Uganda.

Hahn, A. (2002) ‘Photovoltaic water pumps’, Appropriate Technology 29: 48-50.

Harvey, P.A. (2007) ‘Cost determination and sustainable financing for rural water services in sub-Saharan Africa’, Water Policy 9: 373-391 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.012≯.

IIED (2009) Where Every Drop Counts: Tackling Rural Africa's Water Crisis. IIED Briefing Paper, IIED, London.

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010a) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 1: Review and Assessment of Existing Situation. IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

IWRM Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010b) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 2: The Assessment of Resources Potential and Development Needs, IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

Kaldellis, J.K., Meidanis, E. and Zafirakis, D. (2011) ‘Experimental energy analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic-based water pumping installation’, Applied Energy 88: 4556-4562 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.036≯.

Lorentz (2008) Solar Water Pumps in Namibia: A Comparison between Solar and Diesel [website], Lorentz <http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf

Lush, D. (1999) ‘Wells of hope: The Namibian Red Cross in action’, The Magazine of the International Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement, <http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp≯ http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp

Mahmoud, E. and el Nather, H. (2003) Renewable energy and sustainable developments in Egypt: Photovoltaic water pumping in remote areas. Applied Energy 74: 141-147 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00140-X≯.

MAWF (2007) Supply of water to Epupa and Opuwo Constituencies, Kunene Region, Namibia, Project Document, in cooperation with ICEIDA, Icelandic International Development Agency, Rural Water Development and Planning, Windhoek, Namibia.

Mohamad, K. (2007) ‘Priority option of photovoltaic systems for water pumping in rural areas in ESCWA member countries’, Desalination 209: 73-77 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.011≯.

Nott, C. (nd) Going Beyond Sustainable Management of Wildlife [website] <http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf≯ [accessed 20 June 2011]. http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf

Practical Action (2010) Solar (Photovoltaic) Water Pumping. Technical Brief, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK.

Robinson, A. (2004) ‘Lessons learned from rural water supply projects in the Philippines: Identifying elements of sustainability’, in E. Knebel (ed.), Field Notes, Water and Sanitation Program - East Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Short, T.D. and Thompson, P. (2003) ‘Breaking the mould: Solar water pumping - The challenges and the reality’, Solar Energy 75: 1-9 ≯http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00233-0≯.

Truebody, M. (ed.) (2004) 10 Years. Directorate of Rural Water Supply 1993-2003, DRWS, DWA, MAWRD, Windhoek, Namibia.

Weimer, D.L. and Vining, A.R. (2005) Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

WELL (2005) Operation and Maintenance for Rural Water Services. Sustainable Solutions. Briefing Note 15, DFID Resource Centre in Water, Sanitation & Environmental Health, Loughborough, UK.

Windhoek Consulting Engineers (2001) Kunene Region Rural Water Supply Development Plan, DRWS, Windhoek, Namibia.

Binder, D. (2008) Sustainability of Water Service Delivery in Rural Environment: Past Approaches and the Way Forward. Review of Literature, Emerging Markets Group, London.

Bucher, W. (1996) ‘Aspects of solar water pumping in remote regions’, Energy for Sustainable Development 3: 8-27 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60201-X≯.

Carter, R.C. (2009) ‘Operation and maintenance of rural water supplies’, Perspectives No. 2, Rural Water Supply Network, St Gallen, Switzerland.

Cleaver, F. and Toner, A. (2006) ‘The evolution of community water governance in Uchira, Tanzania: The implications for equality of access, sustainability and effectiveness’, Natural Resources Forum 30: 207-218 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2006.00115.x≯.

EMCON Consulting Group (2006) ‘Feasibility assessment of the replacement of diesel water pumps with solar water pumps. Final report’, Barrier Removal to Namibian Renewable Energy Progamme (NAMREP). Government of Namibia, GEF and UNDP, Windhoek, Namibia.

European Commission (2008) Reforming Technical Cooperation and Project Implementation Units for External Aid provided by the European Commission. A backbone strategy, EC, Luxembourg.

Gbadegesin, N. and Olorunfemi, F. (2007) Assessment of Rural Water Supply Management in Selected Rural Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria, African Technology Policy Studies Network, Nairobi, Kenya.

Gillham, B. (2000) Case Study Research Methods, Real World Research, Continuum, London.

Government of Namibia and Icelandic International Development Agency (2010) Water is Life: Supply of Water in Northern Kunene Region, Namibia [website] <https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. https://sites.google.com/site/kunenewater/

Government of Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment (2007) Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report 2007, MWE, Kampala, Uganda.

Hahn, A. (2002) ‘Photovoltaic water pumps’, Appropriate Technology 29: 48-50.

Harvey, P.A. (2007) ‘Cost determination and sustainable financing for rural water services in sub-Saharan Africa’, Water Policy 9: 373-391 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.012≯.

IIED (2009) Where Every Drop Counts: Tackling Rural Africa's Water Crisis. IIED Briefing Paper, IIED, London.

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010a) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 1: Review and Assessment of Existing Situation. IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

IWRM Plan Joint Venture Namibia (2010b) Development of an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Namibia. Theme Report 2: The Assessment of Resources Potential and Development Needs, IWRM Plan for Namibia, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Windhoek, Namibia.

Kaldellis, J.K., Meidanis, E. and Zafirakis, D. (2011) ‘Experimental energy analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic-based water pumping installation’, Applied Energy 88: 4556-4562 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.036≯.

Lorentz (2008) Solar Water Pumps in Namibia: A Comparison between Solar and Diesel [website], Lorentz <http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf≯ [accessed 19 June 2012]. http://www.lorentz.de/pdf/lorentz_brochure_namibia_usd_en.pdf

Lush, D. (1999) ‘Wells of hope: The Namibian Red Cross in action’, The Magazine of the International Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement, <http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp≯ http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine399/31999_6.asp

Mahmoud, E. and el Nather, H. (2003) Renewable energy and sustainable developments in Egypt: Photovoltaic water pumping in remote areas. Applied Energy 74: 141-147 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00140-X≯.

MAWF (2007) Supply of water to Epupa and Opuwo Constituencies, Kunene Region, Namibia, Project Document, in cooperation with ICEIDA, Icelandic International Development Agency, Rural Water Development and Planning, Windhoek, Namibia.

Mohamad, K. (2007) ‘Priority option of photovoltaic systems for water pumping in rural areas in ESCWA member countries’, Desalination 209: 73-77 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.011≯.

Nott, C. (nd) Going Beyond Sustainable Management of Wildlife [website] <http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf≯ [accessed 20 June 2011]. http://www.irdnc.org.na/download/going_beyond.pdf

Practical Action (2010) Solar (Photovoltaic) Water Pumping. Technical Brief, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK.

Robinson, A. (2004) ‘Lessons learned from rural water supply projects in the Philippines: Identifying elements of sustainability’, in E. Knebel (ed.), Field Notes, Water and Sanitation Program - East Asia and the Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Short, T.D. and Thompson, P. (2003) ‘Breaking the mould: Solar water pumping - The challenges and the reality’, Solar Energy 75: 1-9 ≯http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00233-0≯.

Truebody, M. (ed.) (2004) 10 Years. Directorate of Rural Water Supply 1993-2003, DRWS, DWA, MAWRD, Windhoek, Namibia.

Weimer, D.L. and Vining, A.R. (2005) Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

WELL (2005) Operation and Maintenance for Rural Water Services. Sustainable Solutions. Briefing Note 15, DFID Resource Centre in Water, Sanitation & Environmental Health, Loughborough, UK.

Windhoek Consulting Engineers (2001) Kunene Region Rural Water Supply Development Plan, DRWS, Windhoek, Namibia.