Menstrual hygiene management in humanitarian emergencies: Gaps and recommendations
Over the last 15 years there has been increasing attention to adolescent girls' and women's menstrual hygiene management (MHM) needs in humanitarian response contexts. A growing number of donors, non-governmental organizations, and governments are calling attention to the importance of addressing girls' and women's MHM-related needs in post-disaster and post-conflict settings. However consensus on the most effective and culturally appropriate responses to provide for girls and women remains insufficiently documented for widespread sharing of lessons learned. This article is an effort to begin to document the recommendation of key multi-disciplinary experts working in humanitarian response on effective approaches to MHM in emergency contexts, along with a summarizing of the existing literature, and the identification of remaining gaps in MHM practice, research and policy in humanitarian contexts.Abbott, L., Bailey, B., Karasawa, Y., Louis, D., McNab, S., Patel, D., Lopez, C., Rani, R., Saba, C. and Vaval, L. (2011) Evaluation of UNFPA's Provision of Dignity Kits in Humanitarian and Post-crisis Settings, SIPA, New York.
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) Menstrual Hygiene and Management in Developing Countries: Taking Stock [website] http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Bwengye-Kahororo, E. and Twanza, E. (2005) ‘Promoting women's hygiene in emergency situations’, briefing paper submitted to 31st WEDC International Conference, Kampala, Uganda.
Dawn, C. (2008) Corporate Gift Highlights Sanitation Problems Faced by Female Refugees [website], UNHCR http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html
Fleischman, J. (2011) Re-usable Sanitary Pads Helping Keep Girls in School, The Commission on Smart Global Health Policy, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC.
Group URD and Academie de l’Eau (2009) Water and Sanitation in Emergency and Post-crisis Contexts, Group URD, Plaisians, France.
Harris, S. (1999) ‘Homogenising humanitarian assistance to IDP communities (a cautionary note from Sri Lanka)’, Forced Migration Review 4: 19-21.
Harris, S. (2000) ‘Listening to the displaced: Analysis, accountability and advocacy in action’, Forced Migration Review 8: 20-21.
IFRC (2006) South Asia Earthquake - Pakistan: Ensuring Gender Equity and Community Participation in the WatSan Programme, IFRC, Geneva.
IFRC (2011) ‘WatSan and Health NFI's Overview and Guidelines’, unpublished draft concept note, IFRC, Geneva.
INEE (2006) Gender Responsive School Sanitation, Health and Hygiene [website], INEE http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf
Integrated Regional Support Program (2011) Menstrual Hygiene Kits Distribution [website], http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/ [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/
IASC (Inter-Agency Standing Committee) (2006) Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh
Interagency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crisis (2010) Interagency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings [website], 2010 revision for field review http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf
IRIN News (2010) Sanitary Pad Project Changes Lives of DRC Refugees in Uganda [website], Hopebuilding: Stories at Work http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs [accessed 30 June 2011]. http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs
IRIN News (2011) Sanitary Pads Keep Girls in School [website], IRIN http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291 [accessed 21 July 2011]. http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291
McMahon, S., Winch, J., Caruso, B., Obure, A., Ogutu, E., Ochari, I. and Rheingans, R.D. (2011) ‘“The girl with her period is the one to hang her head”: Reflections on menstrual management among schoolgirls in rural Kenya’, BMC International Health and Human Rights 11(7): 1-10.
Mahon, T. and Fernandes, M. (2010) Menstrual Hygiene in South Asia: A Neglected Issue for WASH Programmes, WaterAid, London.
Marshall, R. (1995) ‘(Refugee women) - Refugees, feminine plural’, Refugees Magazine, Issue 100 [website], UNHCR <http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html≯ [accessed 1 August 2011]. http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html
MISP (2007) Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations: A Distance Learning Module, Reproductive Health Rights Consortium, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Mutuli, M. and Nyabera, E. (2008) Chartered Jumbo Jet Flies UNHCR Aid to Kenya [website], UNHCR http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html
Nawaz, J., Lal, S., Raza, S. and House, S. (2006) ‘Screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units for the earthquake response in NWFP, Pakistan’, WEDC Briefing Paper, 32nd WEDC International Conference, Sri Lanka.
Nawaz, J., Lal, S. Raza, S. and House, S. (2010) ‘Oxfam experience of providing screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units in its earthquake response in Pakistan’, Gender & Development 18: 81-86.
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Menstruation and Education in Nepal, Working Paper 14853, National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington, DC.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) Proctor & Gamble Haiti Earthquake: Touching Lives in Times of Crisis [website] www.pg.com/sustainability [accessed 27 June 2011]. www.pg.com/sustainability
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, unpublished report, Oxford University, Oxford.
Shergill, M. (undated) Hygiene in Emergencies [website], presentation transcript http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies
Sommer, M. (2009) ‘Where the education system and women's bodies collide: The social and health impact of girls' experiences of menstruation and schooling in Tanzania’, Journal of Adolescence 33(4): 521-529.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting “menstrual hygiene management” into the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29(4): 268-278, http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low-income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, unpublished report.
Sphere (2000) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishing: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2004) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishig: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2011) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK. www.sphereproject.org
UNFPA (2009) Meeting adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf
UNHCR (2000) Country Operation: Yemen, UNHCR Mid-Year Progress Report 2000 [website] http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html
UNHCR (2003) Country Operations Plan: 2003, UNHCR, Nairobi, Kenya.
UNHCR (2006) The UNHCR Tool for Participatory Assessment in Operations, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2008) Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls [website] http:// www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection [accessed 24 August 2011]. www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection
UNHCR (2010) UNHCR Distributes Vital Aid to Haitian Earthquake Survivors and Hosts [website] http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html
UNHCR (2011a) Sanitary Materials: Not Just ‘Women's Business’, UNCHR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2011b) Protecting Refugee Women: Promoting Gender Equality [website], Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, Standing Committee 51st Meeting http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf [accessed 31 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf
UNHCR (2011c) WASH not WatSan: Making the Hardware Work Harder, UNHCR Hygiene Promotion Briefing Pack, unpublished report, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNICEF (2006) UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response, UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response Information Sheet: Water, Environment and Sanitation, UNICEF, Geneva.
WaterAid (2010) ‘Menstrual hygiene in South Asia: A neglected issue for WASH programmes’, Gender and Development 18(1): 99-113.
Women's Commission (2008) Reproductive Health Coordination Gap, Services Ad Hoc: Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) Assessment in Kenya, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Abbott, L., Bailey, B., Karasawa, Y., Louis, D., McNab, S., Patel, D., Lopez, C., Rani, R., Saba, C. and Vaval, L. (2011) Evaluation of UNFPA's Provision of Dignity Kits in Humanitarian and Post-crisis Settings, SIPA, New York.
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) Menstrual Hygiene and Management in Developing Countries: Taking Stock [website] http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Bwengye-Kahororo, E. and Twanza, E. (2005) ‘Promoting women's hygiene in emergency situations’, briefing paper submitted to 31st WEDC International Conference, Kampala, Uganda.
Dawn, C. (2008) Corporate Gift Highlights Sanitation Problems Faced by Female Refugees [website], UNHCR http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html
Fleischman, J. (2011) Re-usable Sanitary Pads Helping Keep Girls in School, The Commission on Smart Global Health Policy, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC.
Group URD and Academie de l’Eau (2009) Water and Sanitation in Emergency and Post-crisis Contexts, Group URD, Plaisians, France.
Harris, S. (1999) ‘Homogenising humanitarian assistance to IDP communities (a cautionary note from Sri Lanka)’, Forced Migration Review 4: 19-21.
Harris, S. (2000) ‘Listening to the displaced: Analysis, accountability and advocacy in action’, Forced Migration Review 8: 20-21.
IFRC (2006) South Asia Earthquake - Pakistan: Ensuring Gender Equity and Community Participation in the WatSan Programme, IFRC, Geneva.
IFRC (2011) ‘WatSan and Health NFI's Overview and Guidelines’, unpublished draft concept note, IFRC, Geneva.
INEE (2006) Gender Responsive School Sanitation, Health and Hygiene [website], INEE http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf
Integrated Regional Support Program (2011) Menstrual Hygiene Kits Distribution [website], http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/ [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/
IASC (Inter-Agency Standing Committee) (2006) Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh
Interagency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crisis (2010) Interagency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings [website], 2010 revision for field review http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf
IRIN News (2010) Sanitary Pad Project Changes Lives of DRC Refugees in Uganda [website], Hopebuilding: Stories at Work http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs [accessed 30 June 2011]. http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs
IRIN News (2011) Sanitary Pads Keep Girls in School [website], IRIN http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291 [accessed 21 July 2011]. http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291
McMahon, S., Winch, J., Caruso, B., Obure, A., Ogutu, E., Ochari, I. and Rheingans, R.D. (2011) ‘“The girl with her period is the one to hang her head”: Reflections on menstrual management among schoolgirls in rural Kenya’, BMC International Health and Human Rights 11(7): 1-10.
Mahon, T. and Fernandes, M. (2010) Menstrual Hygiene in South Asia: A Neglected Issue for WASH Programmes, WaterAid, London.
Marshall, R. (1995) ‘(Refugee women) - Refugees, feminine plural’, Refugees Magazine, Issue 100 [website], UNHCR <http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html≯ [accessed 1 August 2011]. http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html
MISP (2007) Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations: A Distance Learning Module, Reproductive Health Rights Consortium, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Mutuli, M. and Nyabera, E. (2008) Chartered Jumbo Jet Flies UNHCR Aid to Kenya [website], UNHCR http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html
Nawaz, J., Lal, S., Raza, S. and House, S. (2006) ‘Screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units for the earthquake response in NWFP, Pakistan’, WEDC Briefing Paper, 32nd WEDC International Conference, Sri Lanka.
Nawaz, J., Lal, S. Raza, S. and House, S. (2010) ‘Oxfam experience of providing screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units in its earthquake response in Pakistan’, Gender & Development 18: 81-86.
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Menstruation and Education in Nepal, Working Paper 14853, National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington, DC.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) Proctor & Gamble Haiti Earthquake: Touching Lives in Times of Crisis [website] www.pg.com/sustainability [accessed 27 June 2011]. www.pg.com/sustainability
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, unpublished report, Oxford University, Oxford.
Shergill, M. (undated) Hygiene in Emergencies [website], presentation transcript http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies
Sommer, M. (2009) ‘Where the education system and women's bodies collide: The social and health impact of girls' experiences of menstruation and schooling in Tanzania’, Journal of Adolescence 33(4): 521-529.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting “menstrual hygiene management” into the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29(4): 268-278, http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low-income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, unpublished report.
Sphere (2000) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishing: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2004) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishig: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2011) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK. www.sphereproject.org
UNFPA (2009) Meeting adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf
UNHCR (2000) Country Operation: Yemen, UNHCR Mid-Year Progress Report 2000 [website] http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html
UNHCR (2003) Country Operations Plan: 2003, UNHCR, Nairobi, Kenya.
UNHCR (2006) The UNHCR Tool for Participatory Assessment in Operations, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2008) Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls [website] http:// www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection [accessed 24 August 2011]. www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection
UNHCR (2010) UNHCR Distributes Vital Aid to Haitian Earthquake Survivors and Hosts [website] http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html
UNHCR (2011a) Sanitary Materials: Not Just ‘Women's Business’, UNCHR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2011b) Protecting Refugee Women: Promoting Gender Equality [website], Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, Standing Committee 51st Meeting http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf [accessed 31 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf
UNHCR (2011c) WASH not WatSan: Making the Hardware Work Harder, UNHCR Hygiene Promotion Briefing Pack, unpublished report, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNICEF (2006) UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response, UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response Information Sheet: Water, Environment and Sanitation, UNICEF, Geneva.
WaterAid (2010) ‘Menstrual hygiene in South Asia: A neglected issue for WASH programmes’, Gender and Development 18(1): 99-113.
Women's Commission (2008) Reproductive Health Coordination Gap, Services Ad Hoc: Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) Assessment in Kenya, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Abbott, L., Bailey, B., Karasawa, Y., Louis, D., McNab, S., Patel, D., Lopez, C., Rani, R., Saba, C. and Vaval, L. (2011) Evaluation of UNFPA's Provision of Dignity Kits in Humanitarian and Post-crisis Settings, SIPA, New York.
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) Menstrual Hygiene and Management in Developing Countries: Taking Stock [website] http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Bwengye-Kahororo, E. and Twanza, E. (2005) ‘Promoting women's hygiene in emergency situations’, briefing paper submitted to 31st WEDC International Conference, Kampala, Uganda.
Dawn, C. (2008) Corporate Gift Highlights Sanitation Problems Faced by Female Refugees [website], UNHCR http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html
Fleischman, J. (2011) Re-usable Sanitary Pads Helping Keep Girls in School, The Commission on Smart Global Health Policy, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC.
Group URD and Academie de l’Eau (2009) Water and Sanitation in Emergency and Post-crisis Contexts, Group URD, Plaisians, France.
Harris, S. (1999) ‘Homogenising humanitarian assistance to IDP communities (a cautionary note from Sri Lanka)’, Forced Migration Review 4: 19-21.
Harris, S. (2000) ‘Listening to the displaced: Analysis, accountability and advocacy in action’, Forced Migration Review 8: 20-21.
IFRC (2006) South Asia Earthquake - Pakistan: Ensuring Gender Equity and Community Participation in the WatSan Programme, IFRC, Geneva.
IFRC (2011) ‘WatSan and Health NFI's Overview and Guidelines’, unpublished draft concept note, IFRC, Geneva.
INEE (2006) Gender Responsive School Sanitation, Health and Hygiene [website], INEE http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf
Integrated Regional Support Program (2011) Menstrual Hygiene Kits Distribution [website], http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/ [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/
IASC (Inter-Agency Standing Committee) (2006) Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh
Interagency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crisis (2010) Interagency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings [website], 2010 revision for field review http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf
IRIN News (2010) Sanitary Pad Project Changes Lives of DRC Refugees in Uganda [website], Hopebuilding: Stories at Work http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs [accessed 30 June 2011]. http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs
IRIN News (2011) Sanitary Pads Keep Girls in School [website], IRIN http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291 [accessed 21 July 2011]. http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291
McMahon, S., Winch, J., Caruso, B., Obure, A., Ogutu, E., Ochari, I. and Rheingans, R.D. (2011) ‘“The girl with her period is the one to hang her head”: Reflections on menstrual management among schoolgirls in rural Kenya’, BMC International Health and Human Rights 11(7): 1-10.
Mahon, T. and Fernandes, M. (2010) Menstrual Hygiene in South Asia: A Neglected Issue for WASH Programmes, WaterAid, London.
Marshall, R. (1995) ‘(Refugee women) - Refugees, feminine plural’, Refugees Magazine, Issue 100 [website], UNHCR <http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html≯ [accessed 1 August 2011]. http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html
MISP (2007) Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations: A Distance Learning Module, Reproductive Health Rights Consortium, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Mutuli, M. and Nyabera, E. (2008) Chartered Jumbo Jet Flies UNHCR Aid to Kenya [website], UNHCR http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html
Nawaz, J., Lal, S., Raza, S. and House, S. (2006) ‘Screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units for the earthquake response in NWFP, Pakistan’, WEDC Briefing Paper, 32nd WEDC International Conference, Sri Lanka.
Nawaz, J., Lal, S. Raza, S. and House, S. (2010) ‘Oxfam experience of providing screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units in its earthquake response in Pakistan’, Gender & Development 18: 81-86.
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Menstruation and Education in Nepal, Working Paper 14853, National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington, DC.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) Proctor & Gamble Haiti Earthquake: Touching Lives in Times of Crisis [website] www.pg.com/sustainability [accessed 27 June 2011]. www.pg.com/sustainability
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, unpublished report, Oxford University, Oxford.
Shergill, M. (undated) Hygiene in Emergencies [website], presentation transcript http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies
Sommer, M. (2009) ‘Where the education system and women's bodies collide: The social and health impact of girls' experiences of menstruation and schooling in Tanzania’, Journal of Adolescence 33(4): 521-529.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting “menstrual hygiene management” into the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29(4): 268-278, http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low-income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, unpublished report.
Sphere (2000) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishing: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2004) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishig: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2011) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK. www.sphereproject.org
UNFPA (2009) Meeting adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf
UNHCR (2000) Country Operation: Yemen, UNHCR Mid-Year Progress Report 2000 [website] http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html
UNHCR (2003) Country Operations Plan: 2003, UNHCR, Nairobi, Kenya.
UNHCR (2006) The UNHCR Tool for Participatory Assessment in Operations, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2008) Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls [website] http:// www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection [accessed 24 August 2011]. www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection
UNHCR (2010) UNHCR Distributes Vital Aid to Haitian Earthquake Survivors and Hosts [website] http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html
UNHCR (2011a) Sanitary Materials: Not Just ‘Women's Business’, UNCHR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2011b) Protecting Refugee Women: Promoting Gender Equality [website], Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, Standing Committee 51st Meeting http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf [accessed 31 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf
UNHCR (2011c) WASH not WatSan: Making the Hardware Work Harder, UNHCR Hygiene Promotion Briefing Pack, unpublished report, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNICEF (2006) UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response, UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response Information Sheet: Water, Environment and Sanitation, UNICEF, Geneva.
WaterAid (2010) ‘Menstrual hygiene in South Asia: A neglected issue for WASH programmes’, Gender and Development 18(1): 99-113.
Women's Commission (2008) Reproductive Health Coordination Gap, Services Ad Hoc: Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) Assessment in Kenya, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Abbott, L., Bailey, B., Karasawa, Y., Louis, D., McNab, S., Patel, D., Lopez, C., Rani, R., Saba, C. and Vaval, L. (2011) Evaluation of UNFPA's Provision of Dignity Kits in Humanitarian and Post-crisis Settings, SIPA, New York.
Bharadwaj, S. and Patkar, A. (2004) Menstrual Hygiene and Management in Developing Countries: Taking Stock [website] http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.mum.org/menhydev.htm
Bwengye-Kahororo, E. and Twanza, E. (2005) ‘Promoting women's hygiene in emergency situations’, briefing paper submitted to 31st WEDC International Conference, Kampala, Uganda.
Dawn, C. (2008) Corporate Gift Highlights Sanitation Problems Faced by Female Refugees [website], UNHCR http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4815db792.html
Fleischman, J. (2011) Re-usable Sanitary Pads Helping Keep Girls in School, The Commission on Smart Global Health Policy, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC.
Group URD and Academie de l’Eau (2009) Water and Sanitation in Emergency and Post-crisis Contexts, Group URD, Plaisians, France.
Harris, S. (1999) ‘Homogenising humanitarian assistance to IDP communities (a cautionary note from Sri Lanka)’, Forced Migration Review 4: 19-21.
Harris, S. (2000) ‘Listening to the displaced: Analysis, accountability and advocacy in action’, Forced Migration Review 8: 20-21.
IFRC (2006) South Asia Earthquake - Pakistan: Ensuring Gender Equity and Community Participation in the WatSan Programme, IFRC, Geneva.
IFRC (2011) ‘WatSan and Health NFI's Overview and Guidelines’, unpublished draft concept note, IFRC, Geneva.
INEE (2006) Gender Responsive School Sanitation, Health and Hygiene [website], INEE http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Education/Thematic Issues/publicdocuments/INEE-MinStand-Gender.pdf
Integrated Regional Support Program (2011) Menstrual Hygiene Kits Distribution [website], http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/ [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://irsp.org.pk/2001/01/menstrual-hygiene-kits-distribution/
IASC (Inter-Agency Standing Committee) (2006) Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/pageloader.aspx?page=content-subsidi-tf_gender-genderh
Interagency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crisis (2010) Interagency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings [website], 2010 revision for field review http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/field_manual_rh_humanitarian_settings.pdf
IRIN News (2010) Sanitary Pad Project Changes Lives of DRC Refugees in Uganda [website], Hopebuilding: Stories at Work http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs [accessed 30 June 2011]. http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/w/page/19222288/Affordable-menstrual-pads-keep-girls-in-school-create-jobs
IRIN News (2011) Sanitary Pads Keep Girls in School [website], IRIN http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291 [accessed 21 July 2011]. http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93291
McMahon, S., Winch, J., Caruso, B., Obure, A., Ogutu, E., Ochari, I. and Rheingans, R.D. (2011) ‘“The girl with her period is the one to hang her head”: Reflections on menstrual management among schoolgirls in rural Kenya’, BMC International Health and Human Rights 11(7): 1-10.
Mahon, T. and Fernandes, M. (2010) Menstrual Hygiene in South Asia: A Neglected Issue for WASH Programmes, WaterAid, London.
Marshall, R. (1995) ‘(Refugee women) - Refugees, feminine plural’, Refugees Magazine, Issue 100 [website], UNHCR <http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html≯ [accessed 1 August 2011]. http:/www.unhcr.org/3b542be94.html
MISP (2007) Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations: A Distance Learning Module, Reproductive Health Rights Consortium, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
Mutuli, M. and Nyabera, E. (2008) Chartered Jumbo Jet Flies UNHCR Aid to Kenya [website], UNHCR http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://wwwunhcr.org/4790cbc82.html
Nawaz, J., Lal, S., Raza, S. and House, S. (2006) ‘Screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units for the earthquake response in NWFP, Pakistan’, WEDC Briefing Paper, 32nd WEDC International Conference, Sri Lanka.
Nawaz, J., Lal, S. Raza, S. and House, S. (2010) ‘Oxfam experience of providing screened toilet, bathing and menstruation units in its earthquake response in Pakistan’, Gender & Development 18: 81-86.
Oster, E. and Thornton, R. (2009) Menstruation and Education in Nepal, Working Paper 14853, National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington, DC.
Proctor & Gamble (2010) Proctor & Gamble Haiti Earthquake: Touching Lives in Times of Crisis [website] www.pg.com/sustainability [accessed 27 June 2011]. www.pg.com/sustainability
Scott, L., Dopson, S., Montgomery, P., Dolan, C. and Ryus, C. (2009) Impact of Providing Sanitary Pads to Poor Girls in Africa, unpublished report, Oxford University, Oxford.
Shergill, M. (undated) Hygiene in Emergencies [website], presentation transcript http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies [accessed 24 August 2011]. http://www.slideshare.net/mshergill/hygieneinemergencies
Sommer, M. (2009) ‘Where the education system and women's bodies collide: The social and health impact of girls' experiences of menstruation and schooling in Tanzania’, Journal of Adolescence 33(4): 521-529.
Sommer, M. (2010) ‘Putting “menstrual hygiene management” into the school water and sanitation agenda’, Waterlines 29(4): 268-278, http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.030
Sommer, M. (2011) Global Review of Menstrual Beliefs and Behaviors in Low-income Countries: Implications for Menstrual Hygiene Management, unpublished report.
Sphere (2000) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishing: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2004) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Oxfam Publishig: Oxford. www.sphereproject.org
Sphere (2011) The Sphere Project: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response www.sphereproject.org, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby, UK. www.sphereproject.org
UNFPA (2009) Meeting adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf [accessed 13 December 2011]. http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf
UNHCR (2000) Country Operation: Yemen, UNHCR Mid-Year Progress Report 2000 [website] http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/3e6f1b870.html
UNHCR (2003) Country Operations Plan: 2003, UNHCR, Nairobi, Kenya.
UNHCR (2006) The UNHCR Tool for Participatory Assessment in Operations, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2008) Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls [website] http:// www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection [accessed 24 August 2011]. www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=47cfa9fe2&query=handbook%20for%20the%20protection
UNHCR (2010) UNHCR Distributes Vital Aid to Haitian Earthquake Survivors and Hosts [website] http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html [accessed 1 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4b8411019.html
UNHCR (2011a) Sanitary Materials: Not Just ‘Women's Business’, UNCHR, Geneva.
UNHCR (2011b) Protecting Refugee Women: Promoting Gender Equality [website], Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, Standing Committee 51st Meeting http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf [accessed 31 August 2011]. http://www.unhcr.org/4de4f71a9.pdf
UNHCR (2011c) WASH not WatSan: Making the Hardware Work Harder, UNHCR Hygiene Promotion Briefing Pack, unpublished report, UNHCR, Geneva.
UNICEF (2006) UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response, UNICEF Pakistan Earthquake Response Information Sheet: Water, Environment and Sanitation, UNICEF, Geneva.
WaterAid (2010) ‘Menstrual hygiene in South Asia: A neglected issue for WASH programmes’, Gender and Development 18(1): 99-113.
Women's Commission (2008) Reproductive Health Coordination Gap, Services Ad Hoc: Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) Assessment in Kenya, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York.
The Enabling Environment for Participation in Water and Sanitation: A Conceptual Framework
Jiménez, Alejandro
LeDeunff, Hélène
Giné, Ricard
Sjödin, Johanna
Cronk, Ryan
Murad, Sofia
Takane, Marina
Bartram, Jamie
Water, Vol. 11 (2019), Iss. 2 P.308
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020308 [Citations: 42]A Study of Rural Females of Faisalabad with Reference to their Knowledge and Practices about Personal Hygiene
Zakaullah, Paris
Batool, Zahira
Malik, Nazia
Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, Vol. 7 (2021), Iss. 3 P.659
https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i3.1863 [Citations: 0]Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene management among the Rohingya refugee adolescent girls in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: a mixed method study
Rakhshanda, Shagoofa
Ahmed, Sahlil
Saidu, Samuel
Nderitu, Christine
Thapa, Basanta
Awal, Abdul
Farnaz, Nadia
Rahman, Atiya
Aktar, Bachera
Faruque, A.S.G.
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 14 (2021), Iss. 4 P.311
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-10-2020-0096 [Citations: 2]Social Morphology, Human Welfare, and Sustainability
Menstrual Hygiene Management During Times of Complex Humanitarian Crisis: Listening to the Voices of Rural Adolescent Girls of Assam
Kerketta, Saraswati
Baruah, Suchibrota
Baruah, Pratyasri
2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96760-4_13 [Citations: 1]Menstrual management: a neglected aspect of hygiene interventions
H. Parker, Alison
A. Smith, Jen
Verdemato, Tania
Cooke, Jeanette
Webster, James
C. Carter, Richard
Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 23 (2014), Iss. 4 P.437
https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-04-2013-0070 [Citations: 28]Menstrual Hygiene Management in Resource-Poor Countries
Kuhlmann, Anne Sebert
Henry, Kaysha
Wall, L. Lewis
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, Vol. 72 (2017), Iss. 6 P.356
https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0000000000000443 [Citations: 97]Navigating through menstrual health experiences of educated urban individuals who menstruate during the COVID-19 lockdown: a study from India
Babbar, Karan
Swathysree, S. S.
Nanduri, Kranthi
Culture, Health & Sexuality, Vol. 26 (2024), Iss. 8 P.1044
https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2023.2287723 [Citations: 1]Constraints and current practices of menstrual hygiene among Rohingya adolescent girls
Pandit, Kashfi
Hasan, Mohammad Jahid
Islam, Tazul
Rakib, Tareq Mahmud
Heliyon, Vol. 8 (2022), Iss. 5 P.e09465
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09465 [Citations: 8]Overcoming the Taboo: Advancing the Global Agenda for Menstrual Hygiene Management for Schoolgirls
Sommer, Marni
Sahin, Murat
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 103 (2013), Iss. 9 P.1556
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301374 [Citations: 207]Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Humanitarian Contexts
Water, sanitation, and hygiene in emergencies: summary review and recommendations for further research
Brown, Joe
Cavill, Sue
Cumming, Oliver
Jeandron, Aurelie
2015
https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780448831.003 [Citations: 2]Pilot testing and evaluation of a toolkit for menstrual hygiene management in emergencies in three refugee camps in Northwest Tanzania
Sommer, Marni
Schmitt, Margaret L.
Ogello, Tom
Mathenge, Penninah
Mark, Magdalena
Clatworthy, David
Khandakji, Samanatha
Ratnayake, Ruwan
Journal of International Humanitarian Action, Vol. 3 (2018), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-018-0034-7 [Citations: 16]Role of local actors in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) during disaster recovery: policy implications from evidence in Odisha, India
Krishnan, Sneha
Twigg, John
Environmental Hazards, Vol. 19 (2020), Iss. 4 P.341
https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2019.1667290 [Citations: 4]What is the scope for addressing menstrual hygiene management in complex humanitarian emergencies? A global review
Marni Sommer, Marni Sommer
Margaret L. Schmitt, Margaret L. Schmitt
David Clatworthy, David Clatworthy
Gina Bramucci, Gina Bramucci
Erin Wheeler, Erin Wheeler
Ruwan Ratnayake, Ruwan Ratnayake
Waterlines, Vol. 35 (2016), Iss. 3 P.245
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2016.024 [Citations: 30]Menstrual Health Experiences of People with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Caregivers during Vanuatu’s Humanitarian Responses: A Qualitative Study
Wilbur, Jane
Poilapa, Relvie
Morrison, Chloe
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19 (2022), Iss. 21 P.14540
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114540 [Citations: 4]Menstrual hygiene management among women and adolescent girls in the aftermath of the earthquake in Nepal
Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar
Bhattachan, Meika
Castro-Sánchez, Enrique
Sagtani, Reshu Agrawal
Rayamajhi, Rajan Bikram
Rai, Pramila
Sharma, Gaurav
BMC Women's Health, Vol. 18 (2018), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0527-y [Citations: 51]Use of reusable menstrual management materials and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Ghana: analysis of the 2017/18 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Anaba, Emmanuel Anongeba
Udofia, Emilia Asuquo
Manu, Adom
Daniels, Anita Anima
Aryeetey, Richmond
BMC Women's Health, Vol. 22 (2022), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01670-9 [Citations: 6]Water, sanitation, and hygiene in emergencies: summary review and recommendations for further research
Joe Brown, Joe Brown
Sue Cavill, Sue Cavill
Oliver Cumming, Oliver Cumming
Aurelie Jeandron, Aurelie Jeandron
Waterlines, Vol. 31 (2012), Iss. 1 P.11
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2012.004 [Citations: 45]Transitions into puberty and access to sexual and reproductive health information in two humanitarian settings: a cross-sectional survey of very young adolescents from Somalia and Myanmar
Kågesten, Anna E.
Zimmerman, Linnea
Robinson, Courtland
Lee, Catherine
Bawoke, Tenaw
Osman, Shahd
Schlecht, Jennifer
Conflict and Health, Vol. 11 (2017), Iss. S1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0127-8 [Citations: 17]Coming of age: a qualitative study of adolescent girls’ menstrual preparedness in Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank and Jordan
Ghandour, Rula
Hammoudeh, Weeam
Giacaman, Rita
Holmboe-Ottesen, Gerd
Fjeld, Heidi E.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 30 (2022), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2022.2111793 [Citations: 11]The inclusion of disability within efforts to address menstrual health during humanitarian emergencies: A systematized review
Wilbur, Jane
Clemens, Felicity
Sweet, Elisabeth
Banks, Lena Morgon
Morrison, Chloe
Frontiers in Water, Vol. 4 (2022), Iss.
https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.983789 [Citations: 4]The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies
Practice Note: Menstrual Health Management in Humanitarian Settings
Tellier, Marianne
Farley, Alex
Jahangir, Andisheh
Nakalema, Shamirah
Nalunga, Diana
Tellier, Siri
2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_45 [Citations: 7]Looking forward:Disastersat 40
Fiddian‐Qasmiyeh, Elena
Disasters, Vol. 43 (2019), Iss. S1
https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12327 [Citations: 10]Barriers to Women’s Menstrual Hygiene Practices during Recurrent Disasters and Displacement: A Qualitative Study
Hirani, Shela Akbar Ali
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 21 (2024), Iss. 2 P.153
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020153 [Citations: 0]Unmet Menstrual Hygiene Needs Among Low-Income Women
Sebert Kuhlmann, Anne
Peters Bergquist, Eleanor
Danjoint, Djenie
Wall, L. Lewis
Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vol. 133 (2019), Iss. 2 P.238
https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003060 [Citations: 95]Managing menstruation during natural disasters: menstruation hygiene management during “super floods” in Sindh province of Pakistan
Sadique, Salma
Ali, Inayat
Ali, Shahbaz
Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 56 (2024), Iss. 3 P.480
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932023000159 [Citations: 0]Understanding associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: findings from a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Murphy, Maureen
Dutton, Rebecca
Gezahegne, Kiya
Jones, Nicola
Seager, Jennifer
Baird, Sarah
BMJ Open, Vol. 14 (2024), Iss. 5 P.e078673
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078673 [Citations: 0]Reusable sanitary towels: promoting menstrual hygiene in post-earthquake Nepal
Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar
Bhattachan, Meika
Pokharel, Paras K
Bhadra, Madhurima
van Teijlingen, Edwin
Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, Vol. 43 (2017), Iss. 2 P.157
https://doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2016-101481 [Citations: 14]Menstruation: science and society
Critchley, Hilary O.D.
Babayev, Elnur
Bulun, Serdar E.
Clark, Sandy
Garcia-Grau, Iolanda
Gregersen, Peter K.
Kilcoyne, Aoife
Kim, Ji-Yong Julie
Lavender, Missy
Marsh, Erica E.
Matteson, Kristen A.
Maybin, Jacqueline A.
Metz, Christine N.
Moreno, Inmaculada
Silk, Kami
Sommer, Marni
Simon, Carlos
Tariyal, Ridhi
Taylor, Hugh S.
Wagner, Günter P.
Griffith, Linda G.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 223 (2020), Iss. 5 P.624
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.004 [Citations: 181]Neglect of Menstrual Disorders in Reproductive Health Care in India: A Population-Based Survey
Anand, Enu
Kumar, Prakash
Unisa, Sayeed
Singh, Jayakant
Women's Reproductive Health, Vol. 5 (2018), Iss. 4 P.287
https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2018.1523116 [Citations: 5]Menstrual hygiene: a ‘silent’ need during disaster recovery
Sneha Krishnan, Sneha Krishnan
John Twigg, John Twigg
Waterlines, Vol. 35 (2016), Iss. 3 P.265
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2016.020 [Citations: 23]Understanding the menstrual hygiene management challenges facing displaced girls and women: findings from qualitative assessments in Myanmar and Lebanon
Schmitt, Margaret L.
Clatworthy, David
Ratnayake, Ruwan
Klaesener-Metzner, Nicole
Roesch, Elizabeth
Wheeler, Erin
Sommer, Marni
Conflict and Health, Vol. 11 (2017), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0121-1 [Citations: 52]Using human-centered design to co-design dedicated menstrual health spaces with people who menstruate in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda: Learnings for further adaptation and scale in humanitarian settings
Beeman, Aly
Kwesiga, Joseph
Ippoliti, Nicole
Bhandari, Tanya
Pandya, Geetika
Acam, Faith Anne
Lee, Saehee
Hope, Rebecca
Gibbs, Theodora
Levine, Jordan
BMC Women's Health, Vol. 23 (2023), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02421-0 [Citations: 1]Perspectives on Coping Strategies for Menstrual and Premenstrual Distress
The Effects of a Menstrual Distress Coping Education Program for Adolescents and Young Adult Females
Malik, Vandana Singh
Behmani, Suman
Singh, Vijeta
Behmani, Rakesh Kumar
Kumar, Sanjay
Kumar, Krishan
2023
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5088-8.ch009 [Citations: 1]Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Latrine Management Approaches in Internally Displaced Persons Camps in Myanmar
Domini, Marta
Guidotti Pereira, Sunny
Win, Aye
Win, Lae Yee
Lantagne, Daniele
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 107 (2022), Iss. 1 P.35
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0526 [Citations: 0]- A call to action: organizational, professional, and personal change for gender transformative WASH programming
- Providing municipal faecal sludge management services: lessons from Bangladesh
- Menstrual hygiene management: education and empowerment for girls?
- Webwatch
- Transgender-inclusive sanitation: insights from South Asia
Browse our other journals
