Point-of-use water treatment in emergency response
Point-of-use water treatment (PoUWT), such as boiling or chlorine disinfection, has long been recommended in emergencies. While there is increasing evidence that these and other PoUWT options improve household water microbiological quality and reduce diarrhoeal disease in the development context, it is unknown whether these results are generalizable to emergencies. The authors conducted a literature review and survey of implementers, and found that PoUWT was effective in small-scale, non-acute, high diarrhoeal disease-risk emergencies when training and materials were provided to recipients, adequate stocks were maintained, and chlorine dosage was appropriate. There was little documented effectiveness in acute emergencies, with untested products, or during large-scale distributions without training. Results were incorporated into the Sphere Revision, which recommends selecting culturally acceptable PoUWT options, providing adequate products and training to recipients, pre-placing PoUWT products in emergency-prone areas, and using locally available products if continued use in the postemergency phase is desired.Aquaya (2005) Standard Operating Procedure for the Deployment of Procter & Gamble's PUR Purifier of Water in Emergency Response Settings, Aquaya Institute, San Francisco, CA.
Arnold, B.F. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2007) ‘Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 354-64.
Boschi-Pinto, C., Velebit, L. and Shibuya, K. (2008) ‘Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86: 710-17.
Brin, G. (2003) Evaluation of the Safe Water System in Jolivert Haiti by Bacteriological Testing and Public Health Survey, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Caens, C. (2005) An Evaluation of the User Acceptability of Oxfam's Household Ceramic Filter, Cranfield University, Silsoe, UK.
CARE (Undated) Global Development Alliance, Safe Drinking Water Alliance, Report of Findings: Draft Outline, CARE, Atlanta, GA.
CDC (2008) Safe Water for the Community: A Guide for Establishing a Community-based Safe Water System Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Clasen, T. (2008) Scaling Up Household Water Treatment: Looking Back, Seeing Forward, Public Health and the Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T. and Boisson, S. (2006) ‘Household-based ceramic water filters for the treatment of drinking water in disaster response: An assessment of a pilot programme in the Dominican Republic’, Water Practice & Technology 1: 2 doi:10.2166/WPT.2006031.
Clasen, T. and Smith, L. (2005) The Drinking Water Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami, including the Role of Household Water Treatment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T., Schmidt, W.P., Rabie, T., Roberts, I. and Cairncross, S. (2007) ‘Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: Systematic review and meta-analysis’, BMJ 334: 782.
Colindres, R.E., Jain, S., Bowen, A., Mintz, E. and Domond, P. (2007) ‘After the flood: An evaluation of in-home drinking water treatment with combined flocculent-disinfectant following Tropical Storm Jeanne - Gonaives, Haiti, 2004’, Journal of Water and Health 5: 367-74.
Conroy, R.M., Meegan, M.E., Joyce, T., McGuigan, K. and Barnes, J. (2001) ‘Solar disinfection of drinking water protects against cholera in children under 6 years of age’, Archives of Disease in Childhood 85: 293-95.
Crump, J.A., Okoth, G.O., Slutsker, L., Ogaja, D.O., Keswick, B.H. and Luby, S.P. (2004) ‘Effect of point-of-use disinfection, flocculation and combined flocculation-disinfection on drinking water quality in western Kenya’, Journal of Applied Microbiology 97: 225-31.
De Ville De Goyet, C. (2000) ‘Stop propagating disaster myths’, Lancet 356: 762-64.
Doocy, S. and Burnham, G. (2006) ‘Point-of-use water treatment and diarrhoea reduction in the emergency context: An effectiveness trial in Liberia’, Tropical Medicine & International Health 11: 1542-52.
Dunston, C., McAfee, D., Kaiser, R., Rakotoarison, D., Rambeloson, L., Hoang, A.T. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Collaboration, cholera, and cyclones: A project to improve point-of-use water quality in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1574-76.
Esrey, S.A., Feachem, R.G. and Hughes, J.M. (1985) ‘Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 63: 757-72.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Roberts, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69: 609-21.
Fewtrell, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries: Interventions and diarrhoea - a review’, Water Science and Technology 52: 133-42.
Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R.B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W., Haller, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Lancet Infectious Diseases 5: 42-52.
Gaffga, N.H., Tauxe, R.V. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Cholera: A new homeland in Africa?’ American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77: 705-13.
Gallo, W. (2008) The Jolivert Safe Water for Families Project's Response to the Gonaives Floods, Jolivert Safe Water for Families, Melbourne, FL.
Gupta, S.K. and Quick, R.E. (2006) ‘Inadequate drinking water quality from tanker trucks following a tsunami disaster, Aceh, Indonesia, June 2005’, Disaster Prevention and Management 15: 213-15.
Gupta, S.K., Suantio, A., Gray, A., Widyastuti, E., Jain, N., Rolos, R., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2007) ‘Factors associated with E. coli contamination of household drinking water among tsunami and earthquake survivors, Indonesia’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 1158-62.
Handzel, T. and Bamrah, S. (2006) Trip Report: Evaluation of Pilot Intervention to Improve Household Drinking Water, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Altanta, GA.
Hoque, B.A. and Khanam, S. (Undated) Efficiency and Effectiveness of Point-of Use Technologies in Emergency Drinking Water: An Evaluation of PUR and Aquatab in Rural Bangladesh, Environment & Population Research Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
IMC (2008) The Gateway Initiative: Sensitizing Children to Promote Healthy Behaviors and Families, International Medical Corps, Santa Monica, CA.
Johnston, R. (2008) Preliminary Data: Response to Cyclone Sidr, UNICEF, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Lantagne, D. (2006) Potters for Peace: Filter Production Facility Best Practices, Potters for Peace, Managua, Nicaragua.
Lantagne, D. (2008) ‘Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment’, Journal of the American Water Works Association 100: 106-19.
Lantagne, D. (2009) WASH Evidence Base/Knowledge Base and Data Collection Methodologies (EB/DCM) Workshop Rapporteur Report, 26-29 January 2009. Geneva, Global WASH Cluster.
Mong, Y., Kaiser, R., Ibrahim, D., Rasoatiana, Razafimbololona, L. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Impact of the safe water system on water quality in cyclone-affected communities in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1577-79.
Noji, E.K. (ed.) (1997) Public Health Consequences of Disasters, Oxford University Press, New York.
Palmer, J. (2005) Community Acceptability of Household Ceramic Water Filters Distributed during Oxfam's Response to the Tsunami in Sri Lanka’, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London.
Ram, P.K., Blanton, E., Klinghoffer, D., Platek, M., Piper, J., Straif-Bourgeois, S., Bonner, M.R. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Household water disinfection in hurricane-affected communities of Louisiana: Implications for disaster preparedness for the general public’, American Journal of Public Health 97 Suppl 1: S130-35.
Reller, M.E., Mong, Y.J., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: An outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1608-10.
Ritter, M. (2007) Determinants of Adoption of Household Water Treatment in Haiti Jolivert Safe Water for Families (JSWF) Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Roberts, L., Chartier, Y., Chartier, O., Malenga, G., Toole, M. and Rodka, H. (2001) ‘Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: A randomized intervention trial’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79: 280-87.
Schmidt, W.P. and Cairncross, S. (2009) ‘Household water treatment in poor populations: Is there enough evidence for scaling up now?’ Environmental Science & Technology 43: 986-92.
Scott, B., Curtis, V., Rabie, T. and Garbrah-Aidoo, N. (2007) ‘Health in our hands, but not in our heads: Understanding hygiene motivation in Ghana’, Health Policy Plan 22: 225-33.
Sobsey, M., Stauber, C.E., Casanova, L.M., Brown, J. and Elliott, M.A. (2008) ‘Point of use household drinking water filtration: A practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world’, Environmental Science & Technology 42: 4261-67.
SP (2006) PUR-Purifier of Water IDP Camp Distribution Program, Lira District, Northern Uganda, Project End Report, Samaritan's Purse, Boone, NC.
Sphere (2004) Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, The Sphere Project, Geneva. Toole, M. and Waldman, R.J. (1990) ‘Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries’, JAMA 263: 3296-302.
UNICEF (2007) Demonstration Project: Investing in Safe Water for Children - PuR Pilot Application in Vietnam. Final Report to the United States Fund for UNICEF/Procter & Gamble, UNICEF Viet Nam Water, Environment & Sanitation (WES) Programme, Vietnam.
UNICEF/WHO (2008) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Special Focus on Sanitation, UNICEF/WHO, Geneva.
Walden, V.M., Lamond, E.A. and Field, S.A. (2005) ‘Container contamination as a possible source of a diarrhoea outbreak in Abou Shouk camp, Darfur province, Sudan’, Disasters 29: 213-21.
Watson, J., Gayer, M. and M, C. (2007) ‘Epidemics after natural disasters’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 13: 1-5.
WHO (2004) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd Edition; Volume 1: Recommendations, WHO, Geneva.
WHO (2005) Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters, World Health Organization, Geneva.
WHO (2008) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Second Addendum to Third Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Zehri, M. and Ensink, J.H. (2008) Assessment of NeroxTM Water Treatment Device in Emergency Settings in Pakistan, Oxfam and LSHTM, London.
Aquaya (2005) Standard Operating Procedure for the Deployment of Procter & Gamble's PUR Purifier of Water in Emergency Response Settings, Aquaya Institute, San Francisco, CA.
Arnold, B.F. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2007) ‘Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 354-64.
Boschi-Pinto, C., Velebit, L. and Shibuya, K. (2008) ‘Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86: 710-17.
Brin, G. (2003) Evaluation of the Safe Water System in Jolivert Haiti by Bacteriological Testing and Public Health Survey, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Caens, C. (2005) An Evaluation of the User Acceptability of Oxfam's Household Ceramic Filter, Cranfield University, Silsoe, UK.
CARE (Undated) Global Development Alliance, Safe Drinking Water Alliance, Report of Findings: Draft Outline, CARE, Atlanta, GA.
CDC (2008) Safe Water for the Community: A Guide for Establishing a Community-based Safe Water System Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Clasen, T. (2008) Scaling Up Household Water Treatment: Looking Back, Seeing Forward, Public Health and the Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T. and Boisson, S. (2006) ‘Household-based ceramic water filters for the treatment of drinking water in disaster response: An assessment of a pilot programme in the Dominican Republic’, Water Practice & Technology 1: 2 doi:10.2166/WPT.2006031.
Clasen, T. and Smith, L. (2005) The Drinking Water Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami, including the Role of Household Water Treatment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T., Schmidt, W.P., Rabie, T., Roberts, I. and Cairncross, S. (2007) ‘Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: Systematic review and meta-analysis’, BMJ 334: 782.
Colindres, R.E., Jain, S., Bowen, A., Mintz, E. and Domond, P. (2007) ‘After the flood: An evaluation of in-home drinking water treatment with combined flocculent-disinfectant following Tropical Storm Jeanne - Gonaives, Haiti, 2004’, Journal of Water and Health 5: 367-74.
Conroy, R.M., Meegan, M.E., Joyce, T., McGuigan, K. and Barnes, J. (2001) ‘Solar disinfection of drinking water protects against cholera in children under 6 years of age’, Archives of Disease in Childhood 85: 293-95.
Crump, J.A., Okoth, G.O., Slutsker, L., Ogaja, D.O., Keswick, B.H. and Luby, S.P. (2004) ‘Effect of point-of-use disinfection, flocculation and combined flocculation-disinfection on drinking water quality in western Kenya’, Journal of Applied Microbiology 97: 225-31.
De Ville De Goyet, C. (2000) ‘Stop propagating disaster myths’, Lancet 356: 762-64.
Doocy, S. and Burnham, G. (2006) ‘Point-of-use water treatment and diarrhoea reduction in the emergency context: An effectiveness trial in Liberia’, Tropical Medicine & International Health 11: 1542-52.
Dunston, C., McAfee, D., Kaiser, R., Rakotoarison, D., Rambeloson, L., Hoang, A.T. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Collaboration, cholera, and cyclones: A project to improve point-of-use water quality in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1574-76.
Esrey, S.A., Feachem, R.G. and Hughes, J.M. (1985) ‘Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 63: 757-72.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Roberts, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69: 609-21.
Fewtrell, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries: Interventions and diarrhoea - a review’, Water Science and Technology 52: 133-42.
Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R.B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W., Haller, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Lancet Infectious Diseases 5: 42-52.
Gaffga, N.H., Tauxe, R.V. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Cholera: A new homeland in Africa?’ American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77: 705-13.
Gallo, W. (2008) The Jolivert Safe Water for Families Project's Response to the Gonaives Floods, Jolivert Safe Water for Families, Melbourne, FL.
Gupta, S.K. and Quick, R.E. (2006) ‘Inadequate drinking water quality from tanker trucks following a tsunami disaster, Aceh, Indonesia, June 2005’, Disaster Prevention and Management 15: 213-15.
Gupta, S.K., Suantio, A., Gray, A., Widyastuti, E., Jain, N., Rolos, R., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2007) ‘Factors associated with E. coli contamination of household drinking water among tsunami and earthquake survivors, Indonesia’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 1158-62.
Handzel, T. and Bamrah, S. (2006) Trip Report: Evaluation of Pilot Intervention to Improve Household Drinking Water, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Altanta, GA.
Hoque, B.A. and Khanam, S. (Undated) Efficiency and Effectiveness of Point-of Use Technologies in Emergency Drinking Water: An Evaluation of PUR and Aquatab in Rural Bangladesh, Environment & Population Research Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
IMC (2008) The Gateway Initiative: Sensitizing Children to Promote Healthy Behaviors and Families, International Medical Corps, Santa Monica, CA.
Johnston, R. (2008) Preliminary Data: Response to Cyclone Sidr, UNICEF, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Lantagne, D. (2006) Potters for Peace: Filter Production Facility Best Practices, Potters for Peace, Managua, Nicaragua.
Lantagne, D. (2008) ‘Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment’, Journal of the American Water Works Association 100: 106-19.
Lantagne, D. (2009) WASH Evidence Base/Knowledge Base and Data Collection Methodologies (EB/DCM) Workshop Rapporteur Report, 26-29 January 2009. Geneva, Global WASH Cluster.
Mong, Y., Kaiser, R., Ibrahim, D., Rasoatiana, Razafimbololona, L. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Impact of the safe water system on water quality in cyclone-affected communities in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1577-79.
Noji, E.K. (ed.) (1997) Public Health Consequences of Disasters, Oxford University Press, New York.
Palmer, J. (2005) Community Acceptability of Household Ceramic Water Filters Distributed during Oxfam's Response to the Tsunami in Sri Lanka’, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London.
Ram, P.K., Blanton, E., Klinghoffer, D., Platek, M., Piper, J., Straif-Bourgeois, S., Bonner, M.R. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Household water disinfection in hurricane-affected communities of Louisiana: Implications for disaster preparedness for the general public’, American Journal of Public Health 97 Suppl 1: S130-35.
Reller, M.E., Mong, Y.J., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: An outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1608-10.
Ritter, M. (2007) Determinants of Adoption of Household Water Treatment in Haiti Jolivert Safe Water for Families (JSWF) Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Roberts, L., Chartier, Y., Chartier, O., Malenga, G., Toole, M. and Rodka, H. (2001) ‘Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: A randomized intervention trial’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79: 280-87.
Schmidt, W.P. and Cairncross, S. (2009) ‘Household water treatment in poor populations: Is there enough evidence for scaling up now?’ Environmental Science & Technology 43: 986-92.
Scott, B., Curtis, V., Rabie, T. and Garbrah-Aidoo, N. (2007) ‘Health in our hands, but not in our heads: Understanding hygiene motivation in Ghana’, Health Policy Plan 22: 225-33.
Sobsey, M., Stauber, C.E., Casanova, L.M., Brown, J. and Elliott, M.A. (2008) ‘Point of use household drinking water filtration: A practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world’, Environmental Science & Technology 42: 4261-67.
SP (2006) PUR-Purifier of Water IDP Camp Distribution Program, Lira District, Northern Uganda, Project End Report, Samaritan's Purse, Boone, NC.
Sphere (2004) Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, The Sphere Project, Geneva. Toole, M. and Waldman, R.J. (1990) ‘Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries’, JAMA 263: 3296-302.
UNICEF (2007) Demonstration Project: Investing in Safe Water for Children - PuR Pilot Application in Vietnam. Final Report to the United States Fund for UNICEF/Procter & Gamble, UNICEF Viet Nam Water, Environment & Sanitation (WES) Programme, Vietnam.
UNICEF/WHO (2008) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Special Focus on Sanitation, UNICEF/WHO, Geneva.
Walden, V.M., Lamond, E.A. and Field, S.A. (2005) ‘Container contamination as a possible source of a diarrhoea outbreak in Abou Shouk camp, Darfur province, Sudan’, Disasters 29: 213-21.
Watson, J., Gayer, M. and M, C. (2007) ‘Epidemics after natural disasters’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 13: 1-5.
WHO (2004) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd Edition; Volume 1: Recommendations, WHO, Geneva.
WHO (2005) Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters, World Health Organization, Geneva.
WHO (2008) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Second Addendum to Third Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Zehri, M. and Ensink, J.H. (2008) Assessment of NeroxTM Water Treatment Device in Emergency Settings in Pakistan, Oxfam and LSHTM, London.
Aquaya (2005) Standard Operating Procedure for the Deployment of Procter & Gamble's PUR Purifier of Water in Emergency Response Settings, Aquaya Institute, San Francisco, CA.
Arnold, B.F. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2007) ‘Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 354-64.
Boschi-Pinto, C., Velebit, L. and Shibuya, K. (2008) ‘Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86: 710-17.
Brin, G. (2003) Evaluation of the Safe Water System in Jolivert Haiti by Bacteriological Testing and Public Health Survey, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Caens, C. (2005) An Evaluation of the User Acceptability of Oxfam's Household Ceramic Filter, Cranfield University, Silsoe, UK.
CARE (Undated) Global Development Alliance, Safe Drinking Water Alliance, Report of Findings: Draft Outline, CARE, Atlanta, GA.
CDC (2008) Safe Water for the Community: A Guide for Establishing a Community-based Safe Water System Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Clasen, T. (2008) Scaling Up Household Water Treatment: Looking Back, Seeing Forward, Public Health and the Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T. and Boisson, S. (2006) ‘Household-based ceramic water filters for the treatment of drinking water in disaster response: An assessment of a pilot programme in the Dominican Republic’, Water Practice & Technology 1: 2 doi:10.2166/WPT.2006031.
Clasen, T. and Smith, L. (2005) The Drinking Water Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami, including the Role of Household Water Treatment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T., Schmidt, W.P., Rabie, T., Roberts, I. and Cairncross, S. (2007) ‘Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: Systematic review and meta-analysis’, BMJ 334: 782.
Colindres, R.E., Jain, S., Bowen, A., Mintz, E. and Domond, P. (2007) ‘After the flood: An evaluation of in-home drinking water treatment with combined flocculent-disinfectant following Tropical Storm Jeanne - Gonaives, Haiti, 2004’, Journal of Water and Health 5: 367-74.
Conroy, R.M., Meegan, M.E., Joyce, T., McGuigan, K. and Barnes, J. (2001) ‘Solar disinfection of drinking water protects against cholera in children under 6 years of age’, Archives of Disease in Childhood 85: 293-95.
Crump, J.A., Okoth, G.O., Slutsker, L., Ogaja, D.O., Keswick, B.H. and Luby, S.P. (2004) ‘Effect of point-of-use disinfection, flocculation and combined flocculation-disinfection on drinking water quality in western Kenya’, Journal of Applied Microbiology 97: 225-31.
De Ville De Goyet, C. (2000) ‘Stop propagating disaster myths’, Lancet 356: 762-64.
Doocy, S. and Burnham, G. (2006) ‘Point-of-use water treatment and diarrhoea reduction in the emergency context: An effectiveness trial in Liberia’, Tropical Medicine & International Health 11: 1542-52.
Dunston, C., McAfee, D., Kaiser, R., Rakotoarison, D., Rambeloson, L., Hoang, A.T. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Collaboration, cholera, and cyclones: A project to improve point-of-use water quality in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1574-76.
Esrey, S.A., Feachem, R.G. and Hughes, J.M. (1985) ‘Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 63: 757-72.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Roberts, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69: 609-21.
Fewtrell, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries: Interventions and diarrhoea - a review’, Water Science and Technology 52: 133-42.
Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R.B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W., Haller, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Lancet Infectious Diseases 5: 42-52.
Gaffga, N.H., Tauxe, R.V. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Cholera: A new homeland in Africa?’ American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77: 705-13.
Gallo, W. (2008) The Jolivert Safe Water for Families Project's Response to the Gonaives Floods, Jolivert Safe Water for Families, Melbourne, FL.
Gupta, S.K. and Quick, R.E. (2006) ‘Inadequate drinking water quality from tanker trucks following a tsunami disaster, Aceh, Indonesia, June 2005’, Disaster Prevention and Management 15: 213-15.
Gupta, S.K., Suantio, A., Gray, A., Widyastuti, E., Jain, N., Rolos, R., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2007) ‘Factors associated with E. coli contamination of household drinking water among tsunami and earthquake survivors, Indonesia’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 1158-62.
Handzel, T. and Bamrah, S. (2006) Trip Report: Evaluation of Pilot Intervention to Improve Household Drinking Water, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Altanta, GA.
Hoque, B.A. and Khanam, S. (Undated) Efficiency and Effectiveness of Point-of Use Technologies in Emergency Drinking Water: An Evaluation of PUR and Aquatab in Rural Bangladesh, Environment & Population Research Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
IMC (2008) The Gateway Initiative: Sensitizing Children to Promote Healthy Behaviors and Families, International Medical Corps, Santa Monica, CA.
Johnston, R. (2008) Preliminary Data: Response to Cyclone Sidr, UNICEF, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Lantagne, D. (2006) Potters for Peace: Filter Production Facility Best Practices, Potters for Peace, Managua, Nicaragua.
Lantagne, D. (2008) ‘Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment’, Journal of the American Water Works Association 100: 106-19.
Lantagne, D. (2009) WASH Evidence Base/Knowledge Base and Data Collection Methodologies (EB/DCM) Workshop Rapporteur Report, 26-29 January 2009. Geneva, Global WASH Cluster.
Mong, Y., Kaiser, R., Ibrahim, D., Rasoatiana, Razafimbololona, L. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Impact of the safe water system on water quality in cyclone-affected communities in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1577-79.
Noji, E.K. (ed.) (1997) Public Health Consequences of Disasters, Oxford University Press, New York.
Palmer, J. (2005) Community Acceptability of Household Ceramic Water Filters Distributed during Oxfam's Response to the Tsunami in Sri Lanka’, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London.
Ram, P.K., Blanton, E., Klinghoffer, D., Platek, M., Piper, J., Straif-Bourgeois, S., Bonner, M.R. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Household water disinfection in hurricane-affected communities of Louisiana: Implications for disaster preparedness for the general public’, American Journal of Public Health 97 Suppl 1: S130-35.
Reller, M.E., Mong, Y.J., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: An outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1608-10.
Ritter, M. (2007) Determinants of Adoption of Household Water Treatment in Haiti Jolivert Safe Water for Families (JSWF) Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Roberts, L., Chartier, Y., Chartier, O., Malenga, G., Toole, M. and Rodka, H. (2001) ‘Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: A randomized intervention trial’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79: 280-87.
Schmidt, W.P. and Cairncross, S. (2009) ‘Household water treatment in poor populations: Is there enough evidence for scaling up now?’ Environmental Science & Technology 43: 986-92.
Scott, B., Curtis, V., Rabie, T. and Garbrah-Aidoo, N. (2007) ‘Health in our hands, but not in our heads: Understanding hygiene motivation in Ghana’, Health Policy Plan 22: 225-33.
Sobsey, M., Stauber, C.E., Casanova, L.M., Brown, J. and Elliott, M.A. (2008) ‘Point of use household drinking water filtration: A practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world’, Environmental Science & Technology 42: 4261-67.
SP (2006) PUR-Purifier of Water IDP Camp Distribution Program, Lira District, Northern Uganda, Project End Report, Samaritan's Purse, Boone, NC.
Sphere (2004) Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, The Sphere Project, Geneva. Toole, M. and Waldman, R.J. (1990) ‘Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries’, JAMA 263: 3296-302.
UNICEF (2007) Demonstration Project: Investing in Safe Water for Children - PuR Pilot Application in Vietnam. Final Report to the United States Fund for UNICEF/Procter & Gamble, UNICEF Viet Nam Water, Environment & Sanitation (WES) Programme, Vietnam.
UNICEF/WHO (2008) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Special Focus on Sanitation, UNICEF/WHO, Geneva.
Walden, V.M., Lamond, E.A. and Field, S.A. (2005) ‘Container contamination as a possible source of a diarrhoea outbreak in Abou Shouk camp, Darfur province, Sudan’, Disasters 29: 213-21.
Watson, J., Gayer, M. and M, C. (2007) ‘Epidemics after natural disasters’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 13: 1-5.
WHO (2004) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd Edition; Volume 1: Recommendations, WHO, Geneva.
WHO (2005) Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters, World Health Organization, Geneva.
WHO (2008) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Second Addendum to Third Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Zehri, M. and Ensink, J.H. (2008) Assessment of NeroxTM Water Treatment Device in Emergency Settings in Pakistan, Oxfam and LSHTM, London.
Aquaya (2005) Standard Operating Procedure for the Deployment of Procter & Gamble's PUR Purifier of Water in Emergency Response Settings, Aquaya Institute, San Francisco, CA.
Arnold, B.F. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2007) ‘Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 354-64.
Boschi-Pinto, C., Velebit, L. and Shibuya, K. (2008) ‘Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86: 710-17.
Brin, G. (2003) Evaluation of the Safe Water System in Jolivert Haiti by Bacteriological Testing and Public Health Survey, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Caens, C. (2005) An Evaluation of the User Acceptability of Oxfam's Household Ceramic Filter, Cranfield University, Silsoe, UK.
CARE (Undated) Global Development Alliance, Safe Drinking Water Alliance, Report of Findings: Draft Outline, CARE, Atlanta, GA.
CDC (2008) Safe Water for the Community: A Guide for Establishing a Community-based Safe Water System Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Clasen, T. (2008) Scaling Up Household Water Treatment: Looking Back, Seeing Forward, Public Health and the Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T. and Boisson, S. (2006) ‘Household-based ceramic water filters for the treatment of drinking water in disaster response: An assessment of a pilot programme in the Dominican Republic’, Water Practice & Technology 1: 2 doi:10.2166/WPT.2006031.
Clasen, T. and Smith, L. (2005) The Drinking Water Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami, including the Role of Household Water Treatment, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Clasen, T., Schmidt, W.P., Rabie, T., Roberts, I. and Cairncross, S. (2007) ‘Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: Systematic review and meta-analysis’, BMJ 334: 782.
Colindres, R.E., Jain, S., Bowen, A., Mintz, E. and Domond, P. (2007) ‘After the flood: An evaluation of in-home drinking water treatment with combined flocculent-disinfectant following Tropical Storm Jeanne - Gonaives, Haiti, 2004’, Journal of Water and Health 5: 367-74.
Conroy, R.M., Meegan, M.E., Joyce, T., McGuigan, K. and Barnes, J. (2001) ‘Solar disinfection of drinking water protects against cholera in children under 6 years of age’, Archives of Disease in Childhood 85: 293-95.
Crump, J.A., Okoth, G.O., Slutsker, L., Ogaja, D.O., Keswick, B.H. and Luby, S.P. (2004) ‘Effect of point-of-use disinfection, flocculation and combined flocculation-disinfection on drinking water quality in western Kenya’, Journal of Applied Microbiology 97: 225-31.
De Ville De Goyet, C. (2000) ‘Stop propagating disaster myths’, Lancet 356: 762-64.
Doocy, S. and Burnham, G. (2006) ‘Point-of-use water treatment and diarrhoea reduction in the emergency context: An effectiveness trial in Liberia’, Tropical Medicine & International Health 11: 1542-52.
Dunston, C., McAfee, D., Kaiser, R., Rakotoarison, D., Rambeloson, L., Hoang, A.T. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Collaboration, cholera, and cyclones: A project to improve point-of-use water quality in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1574-76.
Esrey, S.A., Feachem, R.G. and Hughes, J.M. (1985) ‘Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 63: 757-72.
Esrey, S.A., Potash, J.B., Roberts, L. and Shiff, C. (1991) ‘Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69: 609-21.
Fewtrell, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries: Interventions and diarrhoea - a review’, Water Science and Technology 52: 133-42.
Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R.B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W., Haller, L. and Colford, J.M. Jr (2005) ‘Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Lancet Infectious Diseases 5: 42-52.
Gaffga, N.H., Tauxe, R.V. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Cholera: A new homeland in Africa?’ American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77: 705-13.
Gallo, W. (2008) The Jolivert Safe Water for Families Project's Response to the Gonaives Floods, Jolivert Safe Water for Families, Melbourne, FL.
Gupta, S.K. and Quick, R.E. (2006) ‘Inadequate drinking water quality from tanker trucks following a tsunami disaster, Aceh, Indonesia, June 2005’, Disaster Prevention and Management 15: 213-15.
Gupta, S.K., Suantio, A., Gray, A., Widyastuti, E., Jain, N., Rolos, R., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2007) ‘Factors associated with E. coli contamination of household drinking water among tsunami and earthquake survivors, Indonesia’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 1158-62.
Handzel, T. and Bamrah, S. (2006) Trip Report: Evaluation of Pilot Intervention to Improve Household Drinking Water, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Altanta, GA.
Hoque, B.A. and Khanam, S. (Undated) Efficiency and Effectiveness of Point-of Use Technologies in Emergency Drinking Water: An Evaluation of PUR and Aquatab in Rural Bangladesh, Environment & Population Research Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
IMC (2008) The Gateway Initiative: Sensitizing Children to Promote Healthy Behaviors and Families, International Medical Corps, Santa Monica, CA.
Johnston, R. (2008) Preliminary Data: Response to Cyclone Sidr, UNICEF, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Lantagne, D. (2006) Potters for Peace: Filter Production Facility Best Practices, Potters for Peace, Managua, Nicaragua.
Lantagne, D. (2008) ‘Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment’, Journal of the American Water Works Association 100: 106-19.
Lantagne, D. (2009) WASH Evidence Base/Knowledge Base and Data Collection Methodologies (EB/DCM) Workshop Rapporteur Report, 26-29 January 2009. Geneva, Global WASH Cluster.
Mong, Y., Kaiser, R., Ibrahim, D., Rasoatiana, Razafimbololona, L. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Impact of the safe water system on water quality in cyclone-affected communities in Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1577-79.
Noji, E.K. (ed.) (1997) Public Health Consequences of Disasters, Oxford University Press, New York.
Palmer, J. (2005) Community Acceptability of Household Ceramic Water Filters Distributed during Oxfam's Response to the Tsunami in Sri Lanka’, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London.
Ram, P.K., Blanton, E., Klinghoffer, D., Platek, M., Piper, J., Straif-Bourgeois, S., Bonner, M.R. and Mintz, E.D. (2007) ‘Household water disinfection in hurricane-affected communities of Louisiana: Implications for disaster preparedness for the general public’, American Journal of Public Health 97 Suppl 1: S130-35.
Reller, M.E., Mong, Y.J., Hoekstra, R.M. and Quick, R.E. (2001) ‘Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: An outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar’, American Journal of Public Health 91: 1608-10.
Ritter, M. (2007) Determinants of Adoption of Household Water Treatment in Haiti Jolivert Safe Water for Families (JSWF) Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Roberts, L., Chartier, Y., Chartier, O., Malenga, G., Toole, M. and Rodka, H. (2001) ‘Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: A randomized intervention trial’, Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79: 280-87.
Schmidt, W.P. and Cairncross, S. (2009) ‘Household water treatment in poor populations: Is there enough evidence for scaling up now?’ Environmental Science & Technology 43: 986-92.
Scott, B., Curtis, V., Rabie, T. and Garbrah-Aidoo, N. (2007) ‘Health in our hands, but not in our heads: Understanding hygiene motivation in Ghana’, Health Policy Plan 22: 225-33.
Sobsey, M., Stauber, C.E., Casanova, L.M., Brown, J. and Elliott, M.A. (2008) ‘Point of use household drinking water filtration: A practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world’, Environmental Science & Technology 42: 4261-67.
SP (2006) PUR-Purifier of Water IDP Camp Distribution Program, Lira District, Northern Uganda, Project End Report, Samaritan's Purse, Boone, NC.
Sphere (2004) Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, The Sphere Project, Geneva. Toole, M. and Waldman, R.J. (1990) ‘Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries’, JAMA 263: 3296-302.
UNICEF (2007) Demonstration Project: Investing in Safe Water for Children - PuR Pilot Application in Vietnam. Final Report to the United States Fund for UNICEF/Procter & Gamble, UNICEF Viet Nam Water, Environment & Sanitation (WES) Programme, Vietnam.
UNICEF/WHO (2008) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Special Focus on Sanitation, UNICEF/WHO, Geneva.
Walden, V.M., Lamond, E.A. and Field, S.A. (2005) ‘Container contamination as a possible source of a diarrhoea outbreak in Abou Shouk camp, Darfur province, Sudan’, Disasters 29: 213-21.
Watson, J., Gayer, M. and M, C. (2007) ‘Epidemics after natural disasters’, Emerging Infectious Diseases 13: 1-5.
WHO (2004) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd Edition; Volume 1: Recommendations, WHO, Geneva.
WHO (2005) Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters, World Health Organization, Geneva.
WHO (2008) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Second Addendum to Third Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Zehri, M. and Ensink, J.H. (2008) Assessment of NeroxTM Water Treatment Device in Emergency Settings in Pakistan, Oxfam and LSHTM, London.
An evaluation of a bucket chlorination campaign during a cholera outbreak in rural Cameroon
Jennifer Murphy, Jennifer Murphy
Emily Cartwright, Emily Cartwright
Brianna Johnson, Brianna Johnson
Tracy Ayers, Tracy Ayers
Wendy Worthington, Wendy Worthington
Eric D. Mintz, Eric D. Mintz
Waterlines, Vol. 37 (2018), Iss. 4 P.266
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.00009 [Citations: 3]Co-Existence of Free-Living Amoebae and Potential Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Rural Household Water Storage Containers
Potgieter, Natasha
van der Loo, Clarissa
Barnard, Tobias George
Biology, Vol. 10 (2021), Iss. 12 P.1228
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121228 [Citations: 5]Water safety attitudes, risk perception, experiences, and education for households impacted by the 2018 Camp Fire, California
Odimayomi, Tolulope O.
Proctor, Caitlin R.
Wang, Qi Erica
Sabbaghi, Arman
Peterson, Kimberly S.
Yu, David J.
Lee, Juneseok
Shah, Amisha D.
Ley, Christian J.
Noh, Yoorae
Smith, Charlotte D.
Webster, Jackson P.
Milinkevich, Kristin
Lodewyk, Michael W.
Jenks, Julie A.
Smith, James F.
Whelton, Andrew J.
Natural Hazards, Vol. 108 (2021), Iss. 1 P.947
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04714-9 [Citations: 21]Alternative model for electricity and water supply after disaster
Ozcelik, Mehmet
Journal of Taibah University for Science, Vol. 11 (2017), Iss. 6 P.966
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2017.01.002 [Citations: 5]Chlorination of drinking water in emergencies: a review of knowledge to develop recommendations for implementation and research needed
Ariel Branz, Ariel Branz
Matthew Levine, Matthew Levine
Lilian Lehmann, Lilian Lehmann
Andy Bastable, Andy Bastable
Syed Imran Ali, Syed Imran Ali
Khalid Kadir, Khalid Kadir
Travis Yates, Travis Yates
David Bloom, David Bloom
Daniele Lantagne, Daniele Lantagne
Waterlines, Vol. 36 (2017), Iss. 1 P.4
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2017.002 [Citations: 39]Human–Water Infrastructure Interactions: Substituting Services Received for Bottled and Filtered Water in US Shrinking Cities
Yang, Euijin
Faust, Kasey M.
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, Vol. 145 (2019), Iss. 12
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001126 [Citations: 15]Evaluation of the Safe Water Optimization Tool to Provide Evidence-Based Chlorination Targets in Surface Waters: Lessons from a Refugee Setting in Uganda
Heylen, Camille
String, Gabrielle
Naliyongo, Doreen
Ali, Syed Imran
Brown, James
De Santi, Michael
Ogira, Vincent
Fesselet, Jean-François
Orbinski, James
Lantagne, Daniele
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 58 (2024), Iss. 42 P.18531
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c04240 [Citations: 0]Use of Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Methods in Acute Emergency Response: Case Study Results from Nepal, Indonesia, Kenya, and Haiti
Lantagne, Daniele S.
Clasen, Thomas F.
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 46 (2012), Iss. 20 P.11352
https://doi.org/10.1021/es301842u [Citations: 85]Comment on “Adoption of Point-of-Use Chlorination for Household Drinking Water Treatment: A Systematic Review”
Lantagne, Daniele
Saltori, Roberto
Shaylor, Esther
String, Gabrielle
Wise, Tracy
Quick, Robert
Ramos, Monica
Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 131 (2023), Iss. 9
https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13164 [Citations: 0]Effectiveness of Multilevel Risk Management Emergency Response Activities To Ensure Free Chlorine Residual in Household Drinking Water in Southern Syria
Sikder, Mustafa
Daraz, Umar
Lantagne, Daniele
Saltori, Roberto
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52 (2018), Iss. 24 P.14402
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03487 [Citations: 10]New Trends in Emerging Environmental Contaminants
Point-of-Use Drinking Water Treatment Systems and Their Performance in Removal of Emerging Contaminants
Reddy, Sudharshan
Barbhuiya, Najmul Haque
P. Singh, Swatantra
2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8367-1_19 [Citations: 0]Magnetic nanomaterials for preconcentration and removal of emerging contaminants in the water environment
Ng, NyukTing
Wan Ibrahim, Wan Aini
Sutirman, Zetty Azalea
Sanagi, Mohd Marsin
Abdul Keyon, Aemi Syazwani
Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, Vol. 8 (2023), Iss. 1 P.297
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-022-00296-4 [Citations: 6]Membrane-Based Point-Of-Use Water Treatment (PoUWT) System in Emergency Situations
Shamsuddin, N.
Das, D. B.
Starov, V. M.
Separation & Purification Reviews, Vol. 45 (2016), Iss. 1 P.50
https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2014.973967 [Citations: 15]Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Humanitarian Contexts
Water, sanitation, and hygiene in emergencies: summary review and recommendations for further research
Brown, Joe
Cavill, Sue
Cumming, Oliver
Jeandron, Aurelie
2015
https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780448831.003 [Citations: 2]Investigating the Reason of Tendency to Use Point-of-Entry and Point-of-Use Household Water Filters in Sari
Yaghoubi, Seyedeh Sepideh
Mortezazadeh, Fatemeh
Gholami-Borujeni, Fathollah
Caspian Journal of Health Research, Vol. 5 (2020), Iss. 4 P.90
https://doi.org/10.52547/cjhr.5.4.90 [Citations: 1]Development and Performance Evaluation of a Portable Ceramic Water Filter with Exfoliated Graphite and Sawdust as an Additive
Ahmad, Meraj
Prakash, Chandra
Sharma, Arti
Dixit, Ambesh
Chhabra, Meenu
Plappally, Anand K.
Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Vol. 9 (2024), Iss. 2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-024-00276-6 [Citations: 0]Outbreaks Following Natural Disasters: A Review of the Literature
Walika, Miran
Moitinho De Almeida, Maria
Castro Delgado, Rafael
Arcos González, Pedro
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, Vol. 17 (2023), Iss.
https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2023.96 [Citations: 5]Household Water Treatment and Cholera Control
Lantagne, Daniele
Yates, Travis
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 218 (2018), Iss. suppl_3 P.S147
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy488 [Citations: 30]Water, sanitation, and hygiene in emergencies: summary review and recommendations for further research
Joe Brown, Joe Brown
Sue Cavill, Sue Cavill
Oliver Cumming, Oliver Cumming
Aurelie Jeandron, Aurelie Jeandron
Waterlines, Vol. 31 (2012), Iss. 1 P.11
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2012.004 [Citations: 45]Mechanism of silver incorporated in biosand zeolite clay granular filters for the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia from surface water at point of use
Moropeng, Resoketswe Charlotte
Momba, Maggie Ndombo Benteke
Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 205 (2020), Iss. P.286
https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.26395 [Citations: 2]Differences in Field Effectiveness and Adoption between a Novel Automated Chlorination System and Household Manual Chlorination of Drinking Water in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Pickering, Amy J.
Crider, Yoshika
Amin, Nuhu
Bauza, Valerie
Unicomb, Leanne
Davis, Jennifer
Luby, Stephen P.
Carpenter, David O.
PLOS ONE, Vol. 10 (2015), Iss. 3 P.e0118397
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118397 [Citations: 36]Increasing acceptance of chlorination for household water treatment: observations from Bangladesh
Sara Flanagan, Sara Flanagan
Xiaoguang Meng, Xiaoguang Meng
Yan Zheng, Yan Zheng
Waterlines, Vol. 32 (2013), Iss. 2 P.125
https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2013.014 [Citations: 5]Water Sustainability and Hydrological Extremes
Role of climatic extremes in planning of water supply system (WSS)
Nagal, Balbir
Prabhakar, Ajay Krishna
Pal, Mahesh
2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-21499-8.00006-4 [Citations: 0]Effectiveness of emergency water treatment practices in refugee camps in South Sudan
Ali, Syed Imran
Ali, Syed Saad
Fesselet, Jean-Francois
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 93 (2015), Iss. 8 P.550
https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.147645 [Citations: 28]Acceptability, effectiveness, and fouling of PointOne membrane filters distributed in South Sudan
Holding, Shannon
Sadeghi, Ilin
White, Trevor
Murray, Anna
Ray, James
Asatekin, Ayse
Lantagne, Daniele
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, Vol. 9 (2019), Iss. 2 P.247
https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.040 [Citations: 4]Humanitarian WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) technologies: exploring recovery after recurring disasters in Assam, India
Krishnan, Sneha
Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 29 (2020), Iss. 4 P.629
https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-02-2019-0051 [Citations: 4]Evaluation of household drinking water filter distribution programs in Haiti
Rayner, Justine
Murray, Anna
Joseph, Myriam
Branz, Ariel
Lantagne, Daniele
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, Vol. 6 (2016), Iss. 1 P.42
https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.121 [Citations: 13]Current Microbiological Research in Africa
Options for Microbiological Quality Improvement in African Households
Budeli, Phumudzo
Moropeng, Resoketswe Charlotte
Ekwanzala, Mutshiene Deogratias
Momba, Maggy Ndombo Benteke
2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35296-7_11 [Citations: 1]Development of medium-scale filtration device for supplying drinking water during flood situations
Kumar, Gunipe Prasanth
Das, Arup Kumar
Journal of Water Process Engineering, Vol. 56 (2023), Iss. P.104280
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104280 [Citations: 1]Reducing the natural disaster impacts by using an appropriate water testing technology
Rahmawati, D
Adiansyah, J S
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 674 (2019), Iss. 1 P.012048
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/674/1/012048 [Citations: 0]Barriers and Facilitators to Chlorine Tablet Distribution and Use in Emergencies: A Qualitative Assessment
Mitro, Brittany
Wolfe, Marlene K.
Galeano, Mateo
Sikder, Mustafa
Gallandat, Karin
Lantagne, Daniele
Water, Vol. 11 (2019), Iss. 6 P.1121
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061121 [Citations: 14]Development of an eco-friendly and reusable point-of-use disinfection system
Kannan, Uthradevi
P.C., Sabumon
Maliyekkal, Shihabudheen M.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 148 (2021), Iss. P.104
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.09.055 [Citations: 11]Emergency water treatment with ferrate(vi) in response to natural disasters
Cui, Junkui
Zheng, Lei
Deng, Yang
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 4 (2018), Iss. 3 P.359
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EW00467B [Citations: 24]Lessons learned from conducting six multi-country mixed-methods effectiveness research studies on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in humanitarian response
Lantagne, Daniele
Lehmann, Lilian
Yates, Travis
Gallandat, Karin
Sikder, Mustafa
Domini, Marta
String, Gabrielle
BMC Public Health, Vol. 21 (2021), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10597-z [Citations: 7]Separations of Water Pollutants with Nanotechnology
Removing chromium (VI) from contaminated water using a nano-chitosan–coated diatomaceous earth
DeMessie, Johannes A.
Sorial, George A.
Sahle-Demessie, Endalkachew
2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90763-7.00005-6 [Citations: 6]Implications of Information and Digital Technologies for Development
A Socio-cultural Perspective on Technology for Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Filtering Water Pots (G-filters) in Rajasthan, India
Satankar, Rajkumar
Plappally, Anand Krishnan
Saxena, Deepak
Savage, Timothy
Wall, P. J.
2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66986-6_13 [Citations: 0]The Sphere Handbook
5. Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion
2018
https://doi.org/10.3362/9781908176707.005 [Citations: 1]The impact of environmental and climatic variation on the spatiotemporal trends of hospitalized pediatric diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Thompson, Corinne N.
Zelner, Jonathan L.
Nhu, Tran Do Hoang
Phan, My VT
Hoang Le, Phuc
Nguyen Thanh, Hung
Vu Thuy, Duong
Minh Nguyen, Ngoc
Ha Manh, Tuan
Van Hoang Minh, Tu
Lu Lan, Vi
Nguyen Van Vinh, Chau
Tran Tinh, Hien
von Clemm, Emmiliese
Storch, Harry
Thwaites, Guy
Grenfell, Bryan T.
Baker, Stephen
Health & Place, Vol. 35 (2015), Iss. P.147
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.08.001 [Citations: 35]Health in Humanitarian Emergencies
Diarrheal Diseases
O’Reilly, Ciara
Alberti, Kathryn
Olson, David
Mintz, Eric
2018
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107477261.023 [Citations: 2]- A call to action: organizational, professional, and personal change for gender transformative WASH programming
- Providing municipal faecal sludge management services: lessons from Bangladesh
- Menstrual hygiene management: education and empowerment for girls?
- Webwatch
- Transgender-inclusive sanitation: insights from South Asia
Browse our other journals
