Do under-performing water utilities need to adapt to climate change? Experience from Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Climate change raises particular challenges for under-performing water and sewerage utilities. A recent review for the World Bank explored some of the likely impacts of climate change on utilities in the Eastern Europe and Central Asian region. Climate change is likely to have serious implications for the region's water resources particularly because of the increasing incidence of severe precipitation events (floods and droughts). However the review found that the investment requirements needed simply to sustain service levels and reach remaining unserved customers may be a more pressing challenge. This finding is likely to be equally relevant in many other regions. The review concluded that: future investments should focus on systems which are as flexible and decentralized as possible; ongoing efforts to strengthen utility operations should not be abandoned; and greater investment should be made in technical training and capacity building to meet the challenges of the futureAMWA (Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies) (2007) Implications of Climate Change for Urban Utilities, AMWA, Washington, DC.
Bates, B.C., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Wu, S. and Palutikof, J.P. (eds) (2008) Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Catán, Thomas (2008) ‘Spain's worst drought for a generation leaves water and comradeship in short supply’ The Times on-line, 8 April 2008, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece [accessed May 2009] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece
EEA (European Environment Agency) (2007) Climate Change and Water Adaptation Issues, EEA Technical Report Number 2/2007, EEA, Copenhagen.
Evans, B.E. and Webster, M. (2008) Adapting to Climate Change in Europe and Central Asia: Background Paper on Water Supply and Sanitation, World Bank Eastern Europe and Central Asia Social Development Unit.
ICPDR (International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River) (2006) ‘Flood Safety Projects along the Tisza River in Hungary’, ICPDR [online] http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm [accessed 6 May 2009]. http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2008) Climate Change 2007, Synthesis Report, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Keeley, Graham (2008) ‘Barcelona forced to import emergency water’, The Guardian on-line, 14 May 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water [accessed May 2009] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water
Levina, E. and Adams, H. (2006) Domestic Policy Frameworks for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Water Sector Part I: Annex I Countries, OECD and International Energy Agency, Paris.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2006) Financing Water Supply and Sanitation in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia.
Proceedings from a Conference of EECCA Ministers of Economy/Finance and Environment and their Partners, 17–18 November 2005, Yerevan, Armenia.
Pittock, B. (ed.) (2003) Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential Impacts, Australian Greenhouse Office, Parkes, ACT.
REC (Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe) (2001) ‘Hungary Struggles to Control Constantly Worsening Floods’ [online], The Bulletin 10, available from: http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html [accessed March 2009]. http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html
Stern, N. (2007) The Stern Review: Economics of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
WHO/UNICEF (2006) Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade, Joint Monitoring Program of WHO and UNICEF, Geneva and New York.
World Bank (2003) Water Resources in Europe and Central Asia – Volume 1: Issues and Strategic Directions, World Bank, Washington, DC.
World Bank (2005) A Framework for Measuring and Monitoring Infrastructure Performance – Technical and Financial Aspects of Sector Performance, World Bank, Washington, DC.
AMWA (Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies) (2007) Implications of Climate Change for Urban Utilities, AMWA, Washington, DC.
Bates, B.C., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Wu, S. and Palutikof, J.P. (eds) (2008) Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Catán, Thomas (2008) ‘Spain's worst drought for a generation leaves water and comradeship in short supply’ The Times on-line, 8 April 2008, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece [accessed May 2009] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece
EEA (European Environment Agency) (2007) Climate Change and Water Adaptation Issues, EEA Technical Report Number 2/2007, EEA, Copenhagen.
Evans, B.E. and Webster, M. (2008) Adapting to Climate Change in Europe and Central Asia: Background Paper on Water Supply and Sanitation, World Bank Eastern Europe and Central Asia Social Development Unit.
ICPDR (International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River) (2006) ‘Flood Safety Projects along the Tisza River in Hungary’, ICPDR [online] http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm [accessed 6 May 2009]. http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2008) Climate Change 2007, Synthesis Report, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Keeley, Graham (2008) ‘Barcelona forced to import emergency water’, The Guardian on-line, 14 May 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water [accessed May 2009] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water
Levina, E. and Adams, H. (2006) Domestic Policy Frameworks for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Water Sector Part I: Annex I Countries, OECD and International Energy Agency, Paris.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2006) Financing Water Supply and Sanitation in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia.
Proceedings from a Conference of EECCA Ministers of Economy/Finance and Environment and their Partners, 17–18 November 2005, Yerevan, Armenia.
Pittock, B. (ed.) (2003) Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential Impacts, Australian Greenhouse Office, Parkes, ACT.
REC (Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe) (2001) ‘Hungary Struggles to Control Constantly Worsening Floods’ [online], The Bulletin 10, available from: http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html [accessed March 2009]. http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html
Stern, N. (2007) The Stern Review: Economics of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
WHO/UNICEF (2006) Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade, Joint Monitoring Program of WHO and UNICEF, Geneva and New York.
World Bank (2003) Water Resources in Europe and Central Asia – Volume 1: Issues and Strategic Directions, World Bank, Washington, DC.
World Bank (2005) A Framework for Measuring and Monitoring Infrastructure Performance – Technical and Financial Aspects of Sector Performance, World Bank, Washington, DC.
AMWA (Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies) (2007) Implications of Climate Change for Urban Utilities, AMWA, Washington, DC.
Bates, B.C., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Wu, S. and Palutikof, J.P. (eds) (2008) Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Catán, Thomas (2008) ‘Spain's worst drought for a generation leaves water and comradeship in short supply’ The Times on-line, 8 April 2008, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece [accessed May 2009] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece
EEA (European Environment Agency) (2007) Climate Change and Water Adaptation Issues, EEA Technical Report Number 2/2007, EEA, Copenhagen.
Evans, B.E. and Webster, M. (2008) Adapting to Climate Change in Europe and Central Asia: Background Paper on Water Supply and Sanitation, World Bank Eastern Europe and Central Asia Social Development Unit.
ICPDR (International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River) (2006) ‘Flood Safety Projects along the Tisza River in Hungary’, ICPDR [online] http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm [accessed 6 May 2009]. http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2008) Climate Change 2007, Synthesis Report, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Keeley, Graham (2008) ‘Barcelona forced to import emergency water’, The Guardian on-line, 14 May 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water [accessed May 2009] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water
Levina, E. and Adams, H. (2006) Domestic Policy Frameworks for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Water Sector Part I: Annex I Countries, OECD and International Energy Agency, Paris.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2006) Financing Water Supply and Sanitation in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia.
Proceedings from a Conference of EECCA Ministers of Economy/Finance and Environment and their Partners, 17–18 November 2005, Yerevan, Armenia.
Pittock, B. (ed.) (2003) Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential Impacts, Australian Greenhouse Office, Parkes, ACT.
REC (Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe) (2001) ‘Hungary Struggles to Control Constantly Worsening Floods’ [online], The Bulletin 10, available from: http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html [accessed March 2009]. http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html
Stern, N. (2007) The Stern Review: Economics of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
WHO/UNICEF (2006) Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade, Joint Monitoring Program of WHO and UNICEF, Geneva and New York.
World Bank (2003) Water Resources in Europe and Central Asia – Volume 1: Issues and Strategic Directions, World Bank, Washington, DC.
World Bank (2005) A Framework for Measuring and Monitoring Infrastructure Performance – Technical and Financial Aspects of Sector Performance, World Bank, Washington, DC.
AMWA (Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies) (2007) Implications of Climate Change for Urban Utilities, AMWA, Washington, DC.
Bates, B.C., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Wu, S. and Palutikof, J.P. (eds) (2008) Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Catán, Thomas (2008) ‘Spain's worst drought for a generation leaves water and comradeship in short supply’ The Times on-line, 8 April 2008, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece [accessed May 2009] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3701533.ece
EEA (European Environment Agency) (2007) Climate Change and Water Adaptation Issues, EEA Technical Report Number 2/2007, EEA, Copenhagen.
Evans, B.E. and Webster, M. (2008) Adapting to Climate Change in Europe and Central Asia: Background Paper on Water Supply and Sanitation, World Bank Eastern Europe and Central Asia Social Development Unit.
ICPDR (International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River) (2006) ‘Flood Safety Projects along the Tisza River in Hungary’, ICPDR [online] http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm [accessed 6 May 2009]. http://www.icpdr.org/icpdr-pages/dw0602_p_11.htm
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2008) Climate Change 2007, Synthesis Report, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
Keeley, Graham (2008) ‘Barcelona forced to import emergency water’, The Guardian on-line, 14 May 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water [accessed May 2009] http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/may/14/spain.water
Levina, E. and Adams, H. (2006) Domestic Policy Frameworks for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Water Sector Part I: Annex I Countries, OECD and International Energy Agency, Paris.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2006) Financing Water Supply and Sanitation in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia.
Proceedings from a Conference of EECCA Ministers of Economy/Finance and Environment and their Partners, 17–18 November 2005, Yerevan, Armenia.
Pittock, B. (ed.) (2003) Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential Impacts, Australian Greenhouse Office, Parkes, ACT.
REC (Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe) (2001) ‘Hungary Struggles to Control Constantly Worsening Floods’ [online], The Bulletin 10, available from: http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html [accessed March 2009]. http://greenhorizon.rec.org/bulletin/Bull102/floodening.html
Stern, N. (2007) The Stern Review: Economics of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
WHO/UNICEF (2006) Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade, Joint Monitoring Program of WHO and UNICEF, Geneva and New York.
World Bank (2003) Water Resources in Europe and Central Asia – Volume 1: Issues and Strategic Directions, World Bank, Washington, DC.
World Bank (2005) A Framework for Measuring and Monitoring Infrastructure Performance – Technical and Financial Aspects of Sector Performance, World Bank, Washington, DC.
Climate Change and Water and Sanitation: Likely Impacts and Emerging Trends for Action
Howard, Guy
Calow, Roger
Macdonald, Alan
Bartram, Jamie
Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 41 (2016), Iss. 1 P.253
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