Strengthening market systems that provide water and hygiene items for cholera mitigation and emergency preparedness in Haiti
In the context of the cholera epidemics in Haiti, a pre-crisis market analysis (PCMA) was conducted in Artibonite to study the supply of and demand for various water- and hygiene-related items. The objective was to inform current and future assistance modalities, whilst avoiding a negative impact on local markets and supporting local businesses. The market analysis found that the majority of households already purchase soap from local traders, but very few have handwashing facilities in their home. A good uptake of chlorine-based disinfection products was observed, including specific products to treat water for drinking. In addition, an extensive local supply of calcium hypochlorite (HTH), traditionally used by water services operators, was found to be available to individuals on Haitian markets. The market for water containers was also found to be strong, with the recycling of buckets and jerry cans used to import vegetable oil and other products. However, buckets with a tap, which are recommended for safer water handling and distributed during emergencies, were not available in the market. The findings from the PCMA are being used to strengthen market systems and supply chains to enable households to access water and hygiene commodities in Artibonite rather than to provide in-kind commodities directly as part of humanitarian responses. A marketing scheme was successfully piloted to encourage the purchase of water treatment products while promoting the installation of taps on households’ buckets. But another initiative to link water committees, national authorities and the wholesaler of HTH stalled due to disagreements about the role of authorities in supplying the product.Classen T. (2015) ‘Household water treatment and safe storage to prevent diarrheal disease in developing countries’, Current Environmental Health Reports, 2: 69–74 doi: 10.1007/s40572-014-0033-9.
Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Stratégie Nationale de Traitement d’Eau à Domicile et de Stockage sur Haïti (SN-TEDS 2016-2020), version brouillon. Available from: <http://pepahaiti.net/spip.php?article115> [accessed 14 March 2018].
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Juillard, H. (2016) Revised Pre-Crisis Market Analysis (PCMA), IRC, Oxfam and USAID. Available from <http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KZM1.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP) and Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Plan d’Elimination du Cholera en Haïti. Développement du moyen terme Juillet 2016 – Décembre 2018. Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/pnec-_mt_2016-2018.pdf> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) (November 2017) Atlas of Cholera Outbreak in Hispaniola, 2010-2017. Available from: <http://new.paho.org/hq/images/Atlas_IHR/CholeraHispaniola/atlas.html> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNDP (2016) 2016 Human Development Report, Human Development for Everyone. Available from: <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNOCHA (2017) Haiti: Cholera figures (as of 31 October 2017). Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/haiti/infographics/infographic-type/infographic/bundles/156260/disasters/59564> [accessed 30 May 2018].
Classen T. (2015) ‘Household water treatment and safe storage to prevent diarrheal disease in developing countries’, Current Environmental Health Reports, 2: 69–74 doi: 10.1007/s40572-014-0033-9.
Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Stratégie Nationale de Traitement d’Eau à Domicile et de Stockage sur Haïti (SN-TEDS 2016-2020), version brouillon. Available from: <http://pepahaiti.net/spip.php?article115> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance (IHE) and ICF (2017) Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services (EMMUS-VI), Haïti, 2016-2017: Indicateurs Clés. Available from: <https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR90/PR90.pdf> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Juillard, H. (2016) Revised Pre-Crisis Market Analysis (PCMA), IRC, Oxfam and USAID. Available from <http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KZM1.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP) and Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Plan d’Elimination du Cholera en Haïti. Développement du moyen terme Juillet 2016 – Décembre 2018. Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/pnec-_mt_2016-2018.pdf> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) (November 2017) Atlas of Cholera Outbreak in Hispaniola, 2010-2017. Available from: <http://new.paho.org/hq/images/Atlas_IHR/CholeraHispaniola/atlas.html> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNDP (2016) 2016 Human Development Report, Human Development for Everyone. Available from: <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNOCHA (2017) Haiti: Cholera figures (as of 31 October 2017). Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/haiti/infographics/infographic-type/infographic/bundles/156260/disasters/59564> [accessed 30 May 2018].
Classen T. (2015) ‘Household water treatment and safe storage to prevent diarrheal disease in developing countries’, Current Environmental Health Reports, 2: 69–74 doi: 10.1007/s40572-014-0033-9.
Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Stratégie Nationale de Traitement d’Eau à Domicile et de Stockage sur Haïti (SN-TEDS 2016-2020), version brouillon. Available from: <http://pepahaiti.net/spip.php?article115> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance (IHE) and ICF (2017) Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services (EMMUS-VI), Haïti, 2016-2017: Indicateurs Clés. Available from: <https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR90/PR90.pdf> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Juillard, H. (2016) Revised Pre-Crisis Market Analysis (PCMA), IRC, Oxfam and USAID. Available from <http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KZM1.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP) and Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Plan d’Elimination du Cholera en Haïti. Développement du moyen terme Juillet 2016 – Décembre 2018. Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/pnec-_mt_2016-2018.pdf> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) (November 2017) Atlas of Cholera Outbreak in Hispaniola, 2010-2017. Available from: <http://new.paho.org/hq/images/Atlas_IHR/CholeraHispaniola/atlas.html> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNDP (2016) 2016 Human Development Report, Human Development for Everyone. Available from: <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNOCHA (2017) Haiti: Cholera figures (as of 31 October 2017). Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/haiti/infographics/infographic-type/infographic/bundles/156260/disasters/59564> [accessed 30 May 2018].
Classen T. (2015) ‘Household water treatment and safe storage to prevent diarrheal disease in developing countries’, Current Environmental Health Reports, 2: 69–74 doi: 10.1007/s40572-014-0033-9.
Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Stratégie Nationale de Traitement d’Eau à Domicile et de Stockage sur Haïti (SN-TEDS 2016-2020), version brouillon. Available from: <http://pepahaiti.net/spip.php?article115> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Institut Haïtien de l’Enfance (IHE) and ICF (2017) Enquête Mortalité, Morbidité et Utilisation des Services (EMMUS-VI), Haïti, 2016-2017: Indicateurs Clés. Available from: <https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR90/PR90.pdf> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Juillard, H. (2016) Revised Pre-Crisis Market Analysis (PCMA), IRC, Oxfam and USAID. Available from <http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KZM1.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP) and Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (DINEPA) (2016) Plan d’Elimination du Cholera en Haïti. Développement du moyen terme Juillet 2016 – Décembre 2018. Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/pnec-_mt_2016-2018.pdf> [accessed 14 March 2018].
Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) (November 2017) Atlas of Cholera Outbreak in Hispaniola, 2010-2017. Available from: <http://new.paho.org/hq/images/Atlas_IHR/CholeraHispaniola/atlas.html> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNDP (2016) 2016 Human Development Report, Human Development for Everyone. Available from: <http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf> [accessed 6 December 2017].
UNOCHA (2017) Haiti: Cholera figures (as of 31 October 2017). Available from: <https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/haiti/infographics/infographic-type/infographic/bundles/156260/disasters/59564> [accessed 30 May 2018].
Research directions for supply chain management in facing pandemics: an assessment based on bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review
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