A low-tech drilling method for refugee water supplies
The Treguine refugee camp in Eastern Chad, is in a semi-arid terrain of hard, crystalline rock, where hard-rock boreholes proved inadequate. Fortunately, a significant thickness of saturated sands and gravels in a nearby wadi provided a sufficient quantity of water, and tube wells were constructed using a vibro-bailing technique in a few hours.Hazell, J.R.T. and Barker, M. (1995) ‘Evaluation of alluvial aquifers for smallscale irrigation in part of the southern Sahel, West Africa’, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 28 S75–S90 Water Surveys (Nigeria) Ltd. (1986) ‘Investigation of shallow aquifers in Bauchi State, Nigeria’, report to Bauchi State Agricultural Development Programme/World Bank.
Salas, G. (2004) ‘Groundwater Resources for Refugees in Eastern Chad’, report to UNHCR and RedR.
Hazell, J.R.T. and Barker, M. (1995) ‘Evaluation of alluvial aquifers for smallscale irrigation in part of the southern Sahel, West Africa’, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 28 S75–S90 Water Surveys (Nigeria) Ltd. (1986) ‘Investigation of shallow aquifers in Bauchi State, Nigeria’, report to Bauchi State Agricultural Development Programme/World Bank.
Salas, G. (2004) ‘Groundwater Resources for Refugees in Eastern Chad’, report to UNHCR and RedR.
Hazell, J.R.T. and Barker, M. (1995) ‘Evaluation of alluvial aquifers for smallscale irrigation in part of the southern Sahel, West Africa’, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 28 S75–S90 Water Surveys (Nigeria) Ltd. (1986) ‘Investigation of shallow aquifers in Bauchi State, Nigeria’, report to Bauchi State Agricultural Development Programme/World Bank.
Salas, G. (2004) ‘Groundwater Resources for Refugees in Eastern Chad’, report to UNHCR and RedR.
Hazell, J.R.T. and Barker, M. (1995) ‘Evaluation of alluvial aquifers for smallscale irrigation in part of the southern Sahel, West Africa’, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 28 S75–S90 Water Surveys (Nigeria) Ltd. (1986) ‘Investigation of shallow aquifers in Bauchi State, Nigeria’, report to Bauchi State Agricultural Development Programme/World Bank.
Salas, G. (2004) ‘Groundwater Resources for Refugees in Eastern Chad’, report to UNHCR and RedR.
Environmental health conditions in the transitional stage of forcible displacement: A systematic scoping review
Cooper, Brittany
Behnke, Nikki L.
Cronk, Ryan
Anthonj, Carmen
Shackelford, Brandie Banner
Tu, Raymond
Bartram, Jamie
Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 762 (2021), Iss. P.143136
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143136 [Citations: 11]- A call to action: organizational, professional, and personal change for gender transformative WASH programming
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