Small-scale Production of Cementitious Materials
Cement, or at least some form of cementing material, is an essential ingredient of virtually every type of construction. Two alternative approaches to large scale factory production are considered: firstly, the manufacture of Portland cement, or material of comparable quality, in much smaller kilns, and, secondly, the upgrading of village-scale technology, based on lime and pozzolanas. A comprehensive list of references and further information is also listed.
Published: 1980
Pages: 56
eBook: 9781780443409
Paperback: 9780903031745
| Contents | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Introduction 1 | |||
| 1.1 The place of cement in development 1 | |||
| 1.2 Existing cement-production technology - characteristics | |||
| and problems 2 | |||
| 2. Small scale Portland cement plants 8 | |||
| 2.1 Background 8 | |||
| 2.2 Indian development work on small scale vertical shaft kilns 9 | |||
| 2.3 Medium scale vertical shaft kilns 11 | |||
| 2.4 The compact cement plant 12 | |||
| 2.5 Cement production in the People's Republic of China 12 | |||
| 2.6 Economic considerations: comparison of small and large | |||
| plants 13 | |||
| 2.7 Comparison of Indian and Chinese experience 15 | |||
| 3. Lime-based cementing materials 19 | |||
| 3.1 Background 19 | |||
| 3.2 Lime: raw materials 21 | |||
| 3.3 Lime: production process 22 | |||
| 3.4 Lime production: capital costs, labour intensity and | |||
| production costs 26 | |||
| 3.5 Pozzolanas: raw materials 27 | |||
| 3.6 Pozzolanas: processing and uses 29 | |||
| 3.7 Economics of pozzolana and lime-pozzolana production 33 | |||
| 3.8 Comparative economics of lime-pozzolana production and | |||
| Portland cement production 34 | |||
| 4. Other cementing materials 36 | |||
| 4.1 Hydraulic lime and natural cement 36 | |||
| 4.2 Gypsum 37 | |||
| 4.3 Other cement-making processes 37 | |||
| 5. Non-technical problems in implementing appropriate | |||
| technologies 39 | |||
| 6. Summary and conclusions 44 | |||
| Notes and references 46 |
Robin Spence
Robin Spence is currently President of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
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