Jobs from Housing
Employment, building materials, and enabling strategies for urban development
Robin Spence, Jill Wells, Eric Dudley
Based on evidence from throughout the developing world this book takes a fresh look at the processes and the problems of income generation through housing.
Published: 1993
Pages: 112
eBook: 9781780445229
Paperback: 9781853392122
| Preface va | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1. The housing process and the economy 1 | |||
| 1. Urbanization and the need for housing 2 | |||
| 1.1 The inevitability of urbanization, 2 | |||
| 1.2 Measuring the need for housing, 4 | |||
| 1.3 Expected future populations, 5 | |||
| 1.4 Income and affordability, 6 | |||
| 1.5 Housing attributes, 8 | |||
| Case study: the development of Villa el Salvador, Peru, 10 | |||
| 2. The housing process ll | |||
| 2.1 Housing as a verb, 11 | |||
| 2.2 Obstacles, 14 | |||
| 2.3 Shelter options, 17 | |||
| Case study: a proposed enabling strategy, Nepal, 25 | |||
| 3. Housing and the economy 28 | |||
| 3.1 Housing, construction and economic growth, 28 | |||
| 3.2 Forward linkages from construction, 29 | |||
| 3.3 Wealth generation through housing, 29 | |||
| 3.4 Backward linkages from housing and construction, 30 | |||
| 3.5 The effect of technology choice upon employment, 32 | |||
| Case study: producer co-operatives, Mozambique, 34 | |||
| 3.6 Maximizing the contribution of the building materials sector, 35 | |||
| Case study: supporting sustainable urban development, Egypt, 37 | |||
| Part 2. Promoting building materials supply 41 | |||
| 4. Economic charcteristics of building materials production 42 | |||
| 4.1 Classification of building materials industries, 42 | |||
| 4.2 High-tech industries (Group 1), 43 | |||
| 4.3 Unprocessed materials (Group 3), 45 | |||
| 4.4 Intermediate group of industries (Group 2), 46 | |||
| 4.5 Secondary products, 49 | |||
| 4.6 Factors affecting building materials' prices, 49 | |||
| Case study: minicement plants, India, 52 | |||
| 5. The crisis of building materials' supply 54 | |||
| 5.1 Indigenous materials, 54 | |||
| 5.2 Building practices, 57 | |||
| 5.3 Commercial introductions, 58 | |||
| 5.4 Appropriate Technologies, 60 | |||
| Case study: stabilized soil, Zambia, 64 | |||
| 6. Aid and technology transfer 66 | |||
| 6.1 Private entrepreneurs and state enterprises, 66 | |||
| 6.2 Banks, aid agencies and Appropriate Technology organizations, 67 | |||
| 6.3 Government organizations, 69 | |||
| 6.4 NGOs and the informal sector, 70 | |||
| 6.5 Products, prices and markets, 71 | |||
| Case study: the Santa Rosa housing co-operative, Ecuador, 73 | |||
| 7. Building materials and householder choice 76 | |||
| 7.1 Householder choice, 76 | |||
| 7.2 Influencing choice, 78 | |||
| Case study: the use of postcards at Centro Sinchaguasin, Ecuador, 82 | |||
| 8. Creating the policy context - the role of governments 84 | |||
| 8.1 Policy instruments, 84 | |||
| 8.2 Revitalization of high-tech large-scale industries, 85 | |||
| 8.3 Support to small-scale building material producers, 86 | |||
| Case study: supporting builders' yards, Karachi, 87 | |||
| 8.4 Encouragement of new investment in medium-sized plants, 87 | |||
| 8.5 Promotion of new and promising technologies, 88 | |||
| 8.6 Protection for the environment and expansion of the resource base, 89 | |||
| 8.7 Conflicting objectives, 90 | |||
| Case study: the Koma Rock housing project, Nairobi, 92 | |||
| 9. Summary and conclusions 94 | |||
| 9.1 Six general objectives, 95 | |||
| 9.2 Ten action proposals for governments, 96 | |||
| 9.3 Ten action proposals for aid agencies, 98 |
Robin Spence
Robin Spence is currently President of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
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