Nutrition Matters
People, food and famine
The classic disaster model of an emergency, which assumes simple cause and effect between food shortages, malnutrition and death, no longer holds. The nature and perceptions of emergencies are changing. In fact most emergency situations are protracted, with obvious political dimensions, and the great majority of crises can be predicted and often recur in the same area and. With appropriate interventions, the progress of famine can be halted. This book is based on the authors' views and experiences as fieldworkers in situations of food insecurity and famine, combined with their in-depth knowledge of the discipline of nutrition. They develop a new conceptual framework of the role of nutrition in famine which can be used to analyse the underlying causes of malnutrition, the stage of famine, and the risk of disease and death. This is useful as a basis for nutritional assessments, for identifying appropriate intervention, and targeting strategies. Practical suggestions for carrying out assessments and for alternative interventions are given. The institutional and political change needed for the successful implementation of appropriate interventions is also considered.
Published: 1995
Pages: 168
eBook: 9781780445595
Paperback: 9781853392436
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Vlll | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ABBREVIATIONS X | |||
| INTRODUCTION xi | |||
| PART 1 Nutrition and famine: contemporary views | |||
| and practice 1 | |||
| 1 Understanding famine and malnutrition 3 | |||
| Current views on famine 3 | |||
| A guided tour of malnutrition 9 | |||
| Famine, malnutrition and death 19 | |||
| 2 Nutritional surveillance for famine early warning 25 | |||
| Introduction 25 | |||
| Nutritional surveillance 26 | |||
| Information systems for monitoring famine 32 | |||
| Can we predict famines from monitoring nutritional status? 35 | |||
| 3 Methods of nutritional assessment and surveys 42 | |||
| Introduction 42 | |||
| Anthropometric methods 43 | |||
| Qualitative approaches to gathering information 54 | |||
| Combining qualitative and quantitative methods of | |||
| gathering information 58 | |||
| Community participation in nutritional surveillance 59 | |||
| PART 2 Nutrition in action: a case-study of Darfur 61 | |||
| 4 Famine in Darfur 1984-5 63 | |||
| Introduction 63 | |||
| Why is Darfur vulnerable to famine? 64 | |||
| Drought culminates in famine, 1984-5 68 | |||
| Institutional response to the 1984-5 famine 72 | |||
| Role of nutrition information - from shortage to excess 75 | |||
| Use of nutrition data, 1984-6 77 | |||
| 5 After the famine — a shift in approach 80 | |||
| Introduction 80 | |||
| The development of an early warning system in Darfur, 1987-90 81 | |||
| New approaches to nutritional surveillance 84 | |||
| Trends in nutrition and food security: 1987-90 88 | |||
| Why did nutrition fail to improve? 99 | |||
| Discoveries about malnutrition, wealth and food security 100 | |||
| PART 3 Nutrition and famine: the way forward 103 | |||
| 6 A new way of looking at nutrition in famine 105 | |||
| Introduction 105 | |||
| The purpose of the model 105 | |||
| The practical application of the model 111 | |||
| 7 Community surveillance — lessons for the future 124 | |||
| Introduction 124 | |||
| The strengths of community-based surveillance 125 | |||
| The limitations of community-based surveillance 127 | |||
| North Darfur after 1990 130 | |||
| 8 A role for nutrition — practical or pointless? 133 | |||
| Appendix: An overview of the nutritional surveillance | |||
| methods used in North Darfur 1988-91 137 | |||
| References 142 | |||
| Index 149 |
Helen Young
Helen Young leads the Darfur Livelihoods Programme at the ODI, which combines research, capacity development and institutional change. As a Research Fellow at the Overseas Development Institute, in Sussex, she reviewed nutritional assessment and response to situations of food insecurity and famine.
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