Microfinance for ecosystem-based adaptation (MEbA) in Peru and Colombia
Alicia Rondón-Krummheuer | Christine Gruening | Christoph Jungfleisch
The consequences of extreme climatic events such as droughts and floods pose an increasing threat to the rural and peri-urban communities of Peru and Colombia. Although these communities have already taken measures to adapt to these adverse effects under the scenario of extreme climate change, the need to effectively diffuse and transmit information and knowledge regarding climate change and climate change resilience persists. The execution of investments in ecosystem-based adaptation activities aims to improve the communities’ resilience to these threats and to ensure the sustainability of ecosystem services on which these communities depend. The Microfinance for Ecosystem-based-Adaptation to Climate Change (MEbA) project was conceived in 2012 to promote and support the introduction of specific (micro) financial products and services. The main pillars of the project are: 1) assistance in the development and implementation of new financial products and services tailored to rural populations that are vulnerable to the effects of climate change (e.g. small agricultural producers and other local actors of the North Andean Region); 2) provision of customized capacity building to microfinance institutions (MFIs); and 3) awareness raising, carrying out training activities which address identified knowledge gaps, and meeting MFI client needs to increase climate change resilience with a focus on Ecosystem-based Adaptation via partnerships with key local technical actors. The focus of this paper is to present the MEbA project in detail, and to explore the role of MFIs with regard to adaptation to climate change and the link between ecosystems and adaptation to climate change.Agrawala, S. and Carraro, M. (2010) ‘Assessing the role of microfinance in fostering adaptation to climate change’, paper presented at the International Workshop on The Social Dimension of Adaptation to Climate Change, Venice, 18–19 February 2010.
Alexandre, C., Mas, I. and Radcliffe, D. (2011) ‘Regulating new banking models to bring financial services to all’, Challenge 54(3): 116–34 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/0577-5132540306>.
Andrade Pérez, A., Herrera Fernandez, B. and Cazzolla Gatti, R. (eds.) (2010) Building Resilience to Climate Change: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Lessons from the Field, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Brau, J.C. and Woller, G.M. (2004) ‘Microfinance: a comprehensive review of the existing literature’, Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures 9(1): 1–26 <http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55971>.
Campbell, A., Chenery, A., Coad, L., Kapos, V., Kershaw, F., Scharlemann, J.p.W. and Dickson, B. (2008) The Linkages between Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation, Cambridge, UK: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Convention on Biological Diversity (2009) Review of the Literature on the Links between Biodiversity and Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2013) Microscopio global sobre el entorno de negocios para las microfinanzas 2013 [pdf] <http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getDocument.aspx?DOCNUM=38098134> [accessed 04 August 2014].
Federación Peruana de Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito (FEPCMAC) (2012) Cajas Municipales: Una Realidad en Microfinanzas con un Rol Social (1st edn), Lima, Perú: FEPCMAC.
Hammill, A., Matthew, R. and McCarter, E. (2008) ‘Microfinance and climate change adaptation’, IDS Bulletin 39(4): 113–22 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00484.x>.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2013) Adaptation in Practice: Increasing Adaptive Capacity through Participatory Mapping, Rome: International Fund for Agricultural Development.
International Union for Conservation of Nature/United Nations Environment Programme/United Nations Development Programme (IUCN/UNEP/UNDP) (2014) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation: adapting to climate change in mountain ecosystems’, in EbA Panchase Introduction, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Washington, DC: Island Press.
MIX Market (2014a) ‘Colombia market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Colombia> [accessed 26 January 2015].
MIX Market (2014b) ‘Peru market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Peru> [accessed 26 January 2015].
Travers, A., Elrick, C., Kay, R. and Vestergaard, O. (2012) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation guidance: moving from principles to practice’, UNEP Working Document, unpublished.
United Nations Environment Programme – Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNEP-ROLAC)/Frankfurt School – United Nations Environment Programme Centre (FS-UNEP Centre) (2013) Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation: Option, Costs and Benefits [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/literature> [accessed 13 July 2015].
UNEP-ROLAC/FS-UNEP Centre (2014) Andean Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/andean-agriculture-face-climate-change> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vergara, W., Deeb, A., Leino, I., Kitoh, A. and Escobar, M. (2011) Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Mountain Hydrology: Development of a Methodology through a Case Study in the Andes of Peru [online], Washington, DC: World Bank and ESMAP Studies <http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8662-0> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vignola, R., Locatelli, B., Martinez, C. and Imbach, P. (2009) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: what role for policy makers, society and scientists?’ Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 14(8): 691–6 <http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11027-009-9193-6>.
World Bank (2014) The Little Data Book on Financial Development 2014 [online], Global Financial Development Database <http://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9781464800818?e=1617657/5415044#search> [accessed 26 January 2015].
Agrawala, S. and Carraro, M. (2010) ‘Assessing the role of microfinance in fostering adaptation to climate change’, paper presented at the International Workshop on The Social Dimension of Adaptation to Climate Change, Venice, 18–19 February 2010.
Alexandre, C., Mas, I. and Radcliffe, D. (2011) ‘Regulating new banking models to bring financial services to all’, Challenge 54(3): 116–34 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/0577-5132540306>.
Andrade Pérez, A., Herrera Fernandez, B. and Cazzolla Gatti, R. (eds.) (2010) Building Resilience to Climate Change: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Lessons from the Field, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Brau, J.C. and Woller, G.M. (2004) ‘Microfinance: a comprehensive review of the existing literature’, Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures 9(1): 1–26 <http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55971>.
Campbell, A., Chenery, A., Coad, L., Kapos, V., Kershaw, F., Scharlemann, J.p.W. and Dickson, B. (2008) The Linkages between Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation, Cambridge, UK: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Convention on Biological Diversity (2009) Review of the Literature on the Links between Biodiversity and Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2013) Microscopio global sobre el entorno de negocios para las microfinanzas 2013 [pdf] <http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getDocument.aspx?DOCNUM=38098134> [accessed 04 August 2014].
Federación Peruana de Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito (FEPCMAC) (2012) Cajas Municipales: Una Realidad en Microfinanzas con un Rol Social (1st edn), Lima, Perú: FEPCMAC.
Hammill, A., Matthew, R. and McCarter, E. (2008) ‘Microfinance and climate change adaptation’, IDS Bulletin 39(4): 113–22 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00484.x>.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2013) Adaptation in Practice: Increasing Adaptive Capacity through Participatory Mapping, Rome: International Fund for Agricultural Development.
International Union for Conservation of Nature/United Nations Environment Programme/United Nations Development Programme (IUCN/UNEP/UNDP) (2014) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation: adapting to climate change in mountain ecosystems’, in EbA Panchase Introduction, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Washington, DC: Island Press.
MIX Market (2014a) ‘Colombia market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Colombia> [accessed 26 January 2015].
MIX Market (2014b) ‘Peru market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Peru> [accessed 26 January 2015].
Travers, A., Elrick, C., Kay, R. and Vestergaard, O. (2012) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation guidance: moving from principles to practice’, UNEP Working Document, unpublished.
United Nations Environment Programme – Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNEP-ROLAC)/Frankfurt School – United Nations Environment Programme Centre (FS-UNEP Centre) (2013) Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation: Option, Costs and Benefits [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/literature> [accessed 13 July 2015].
UNEP-ROLAC/FS-UNEP Centre (2014) Andean Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/andean-agriculture-face-climate-change> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vergara, W., Deeb, A., Leino, I., Kitoh, A. and Escobar, M. (2011) Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Mountain Hydrology: Development of a Methodology through a Case Study in the Andes of Peru [online], Washington, DC: World Bank and ESMAP Studies <http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8662-0> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vignola, R., Locatelli, B., Martinez, C. and Imbach, P. (2009) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: what role for policy makers, society and scientists?’ Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 14(8): 691–6 <http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11027-009-9193-6>.
World Bank (2014) The Little Data Book on Financial Development 2014 [online], Global Financial Development Database <http://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9781464800818?e=1617657/5415044#search> [accessed 26 January 2015].
Agrawala, S. and Carraro, M. (2010) ‘Assessing the role of microfinance in fostering adaptation to climate change’, paper presented at the International Workshop on The Social Dimension of Adaptation to Climate Change, Venice, 18–19 February 2010.
Alexandre, C., Mas, I. and Radcliffe, D. (2011) ‘Regulating new banking models to bring financial services to all’, Challenge 54(3): 116–34 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/0577-5132540306>.
Andrade Pérez, A., Herrera Fernandez, B. and Cazzolla Gatti, R. (eds.) (2010) Building Resilience to Climate Change: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Lessons from the Field, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Brau, J.C. and Woller, G.M. (2004) ‘Microfinance: a comprehensive review of the existing literature’, Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures 9(1): 1–26 <http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55971>.
Campbell, A., Chenery, A., Coad, L., Kapos, V., Kershaw, F., Scharlemann, J.p.W. and Dickson, B. (2008) The Linkages between Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation, Cambridge, UK: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Convention on Biological Diversity (2009) Review of the Literature on the Links between Biodiversity and Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2013) Microscopio global sobre el entorno de negocios para las microfinanzas 2013 [pdf] <http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getDocument.aspx?DOCNUM=38098134> [accessed 04 August 2014].
Federación Peruana de Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito (FEPCMAC) (2012) Cajas Municipales: Una Realidad en Microfinanzas con un Rol Social (1st edn), Lima, Perú: FEPCMAC.
Hammill, A., Matthew, R. and McCarter, E. (2008) ‘Microfinance and climate change adaptation’, IDS Bulletin 39(4): 113–22 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00484.x>.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2013) Adaptation in Practice: Increasing Adaptive Capacity through Participatory Mapping, Rome: International Fund for Agricultural Development.
International Union for Conservation of Nature/United Nations Environment Programme/United Nations Development Programme (IUCN/UNEP/UNDP) (2014) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation: adapting to climate change in mountain ecosystems’, in EbA Panchase Introduction, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Washington, DC: Island Press.
MIX Market (2014a) ‘Colombia market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Colombia> [accessed 26 January 2015].
MIX Market (2014b) ‘Peru market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Peru> [accessed 26 January 2015].
Travers, A., Elrick, C., Kay, R. and Vestergaard, O. (2012) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation guidance: moving from principles to practice’, UNEP Working Document, unpublished.
United Nations Environment Programme – Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNEP-ROLAC)/Frankfurt School – United Nations Environment Programme Centre (FS-UNEP Centre) (2013) Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation: Option, Costs and Benefits [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/literature> [accessed 13 July 2015].
UNEP-ROLAC/FS-UNEP Centre (2014) Andean Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/andean-agriculture-face-climate-change> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vergara, W., Deeb, A., Leino, I., Kitoh, A. and Escobar, M. (2011) Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Mountain Hydrology: Development of a Methodology through a Case Study in the Andes of Peru [online], Washington, DC: World Bank and ESMAP Studies <http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8662-0> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vignola, R., Locatelli, B., Martinez, C. and Imbach, P. (2009) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: what role for policy makers, society and scientists?’ Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 14(8): 691–6 <http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11027-009-9193-6>.
World Bank (2014) The Little Data Book on Financial Development 2014 [online], Global Financial Development Database <http://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9781464800818?e=1617657/5415044#search> [accessed 26 January 2015].
Agrawala, S. and Carraro, M. (2010) ‘Assessing the role of microfinance in fostering adaptation to climate change’, paper presented at the International Workshop on The Social Dimension of Adaptation to Climate Change, Venice, 18–19 February 2010.
Alexandre, C., Mas, I. and Radcliffe, D. (2011) ‘Regulating new banking models to bring financial services to all’, Challenge 54(3): 116–34 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/0577-5132540306>.
Andrade Pérez, A., Herrera Fernandez, B. and Cazzolla Gatti, R. (eds.) (2010) Building Resilience to Climate Change: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Lessons from the Field, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Brau, J.C. and Woller, G.M. (2004) ‘Microfinance: a comprehensive review of the existing literature’, Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures 9(1): 1–26 <http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55971>.
Campbell, A., Chenery, A., Coad, L., Kapos, V., Kershaw, F., Scharlemann, J.p.W. and Dickson, B. (2008) The Linkages between Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation, Cambridge, UK: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Convention on Biological Diversity (2009) Review of the Literature on the Links between Biodiversity and Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation, Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2013) Microscopio global sobre el entorno de negocios para las microfinanzas 2013 [pdf] <http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getDocument.aspx?DOCNUM=38098134> [accessed 04 August 2014].
Federación Peruana de Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito (FEPCMAC) (2012) Cajas Municipales: Una Realidad en Microfinanzas con un Rol Social (1st edn), Lima, Perú: FEPCMAC.
Hammill, A., Matthew, R. and McCarter, E. (2008) ‘Microfinance and climate change adaptation’, IDS Bulletin 39(4): 113–22 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00484.x>.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2013) Adaptation in Practice: Increasing Adaptive Capacity through Participatory Mapping, Rome: International Fund for Agricultural Development.
International Union for Conservation of Nature/United Nations Environment Programme/United Nations Development Programme (IUCN/UNEP/UNDP) (2014) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation: adapting to climate change in mountain ecosystems’, in EbA Panchase Introduction, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Washington, DC: Island Press.
MIX Market (2014a) ‘Colombia market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Colombia> [accessed 26 January 2015].
MIX Market (2014b) ‘Peru market profile’ [online] <http://mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Peru> [accessed 26 January 2015].
Travers, A., Elrick, C., Kay, R. and Vestergaard, O. (2012) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation guidance: moving from principles to practice’, UNEP Working Document, unpublished.
United Nations Environment Programme – Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNEP-ROLAC)/Frankfurt School – United Nations Environment Programme Centre (FS-UNEP Centre) (2013) Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation: Option, Costs and Benefits [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/literature> [accessed 13 July 2015].
UNEP-ROLAC/FS-UNEP Centre (2014) Andean Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change [online], Microfinance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation (MEbA) project document, Panama <http://fs-unep-centre.org/publications/andean-agriculture-face-climate-change> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vergara, W., Deeb, A., Leino, I., Kitoh, A. and Escobar, M. (2011) Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Mountain Hydrology: Development of a Methodology through a Case Study in the Andes of Peru [online], Washington, DC: World Bank and ESMAP Studies <http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8662-0> [accessed 13 July 2015].
Vignola, R., Locatelli, B., Martinez, C. and Imbach, P. (2009) ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: what role for policy makers, society and scientists?’ Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 14(8): 691–6 <http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11027-009-9193-6>.
World Bank (2014) The Little Data Book on Financial Development 2014 [online], Global Financial Development Database <http://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9781464800818?e=1617657/5415044#search> [accessed 26 January 2015].
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