Agriculturalists have been benefiting from the range of products and services that trees can supply for thousands of years. Through the integration of trees into agricultural landscapes, farmers and land users at all levels can enjoy diversified production and a range of social, economic and environmental benefits. Agroforestry is the scientific application of this widespread body of knowledge. This stimulating collection explores the experiences of researchers and small-scale farmers undertaking agroforestry development projects around the globe and addresses the question of how local small-scale development successes can be 'scaled up' to create wider, long-term benefits. Each of the contributions offers insights into important wider debates. The relationship between theory and practice, the proper role of research in development, constraints on 'scaling up' local successes, the nature of human motivation for risk-taking and learning, the ways in which individuals and communities respond to technical innovation are all critically explored here. Contributors stress the importance of experimenting with a range of possible agroforestry techniques and approaches, in conjunction with the farming communities that will adopt or reject these methods over time.

• Preface
• Deborah Eade
• Realising the potential of agroforestry: integrating research and development to achieve greater impact
• Glenn L. Denning
• Participatory design of agroforestry systems: developing farmer participatory research methods in Mexico
• Jeremy Haggar, Alejandro Ayala, Blanca Diaz, and Carlos Uc Reyes
• Participatory domestication of agroforestry trees: an example from the Peruvian Amazon
• John C. Weber, Carmen Sotelo Montes, Hector Vidaurre, Ian K. Dawson, and Anthony J. Simons
• Facilitating the wider use of agroforestry for development in southern Africa
• Andreas Bohringer
• Scaling up participatory agroforestry extension in Kenya: from pilot projects to extension policy
• T.M. Anyonge, Christine Holding, K. K. Kareko, and J. W. Kimani
• More effective natural resource management through democratically elected, decentralised government structures in Uganda
• Thomas Raussen, Geoffrey Ebong, and Jimmy Musiime
• On-farm testing and dissemination of agroforestry among slash-and-burn farmers in Nagaland, India
• Merle D. Faminow, K. K. Klein, and Project Operations Unit
• Scaling up the use of fodder shrubs in central Kenya
• Charles Wambugu, Steven Franzel, Paul Tuwei, and George Karanja
• The Landcare experience in the Philippines: technical and institutional innovations for conservation farming
• Agustin R. Mercado, Jr., Marcelino Patindol, and Dennis P. Garrity
• Scaling up adoption and impact of agroforestry technologies: experiences from western Kenya
• Qureish Noordin, Amadou Niang, Bashir Jama, andMary Nyasimi
• Scaling up the benefits of agroforestry research: lessons learned and research challenges
• Steven Franzel, Peter Cooper, and Glenn L. Denning
• Resources
• Books
• Journals
• Organisations
• Addresses of publishers
• Index

Steven Franzel Steven Franzel is a principal agricultural economist with the World Agroforestry Center and has worked for the Center for the past 18 years. He currently leads a global research project on marketing tree products for smallholders. His main research interests include smallholder farming systems, natural resources management, adoption and dissemination of innovations, policy analysis, participatory research, fodder trees and impact assessment.

Peter Cooper

Glenn Denning

Deborah Eade Deborah Eade was Editor-in-Chief of Development in Practice from 1991 to 2010, prior to which she worked for 10 years in Latin America. She is now an independent writer on development and humanitarian issues, based near Geneva.