Water Current Turbines
A fieldworkers guide
Developed from Intermediate Technology (now Practical Action) experience in Sudan, this handbook describes the development and testing of the water current turbine as a simple and inexpensive means of lifting water for irrigation purposes. With detailed technical information on the technology, this manual also includes an economic assessment of its cost-effectiveness compared with other pumping technologies. This book is designed for the use of engineers and development workers who may be interested in trying this technology
Published: 1986
Pages: 124
eBook: 9781780443768
Paperback: 9780946688272
| CONTENTS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Foreword iii | |||
| Acknowledgements | |||
| List of illustrations | |||
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | |||
| 1.1 The Objective of this Book 1 | |||
| 1.2 Water Current Turbine (WCT) Technology 2 | |||
| 1.3 Alternative Water-lifting Methods 2 | |||
| 1.4 Background 5 | |||
| 1-5 The S..$;ructure of this Book 5 | |||
| CHAPTER 2 TECHNICAL ASPECTS | |||
| River Currents as an Energy Source 6 | |||
| Site Selection 12 | |||
| Measurement of River Current Speed 14 | |||
| Water Pumping Turbine System Design 14 | |||
| Turbine Rotor 17 | |||
| 2.5.1 Choice of Turbine Rotor 17 | |||
| 2.5.2 Rotor Construction Materials 25 | |||
| 2.5.3 Rotor Bearings 25 | |||
| Transmission 2 6 | |||
| Choice of Pump 30 | |||
| 2.7.1 Pump Types Available 30 | |||
| 2.7.2 Pump Selection for 'Mark I' Machine 35 | |||
| 2-7.3 Pump Selection for 'LOW Cost' Machine 38 | |||
| Delivery System 38 | |||
| 2.8.1 Pump to River Bank Pipe 40 | |||
| 2.8.2 River Bank to Plants 40 | |||
| Floats 42 | |||
| Mooring System 45 | |||
| Rotor Supporting Frame 45 | |||
| Rotor Lifting Bechanism 46 | |||
| Storage Tank Design 46 | |||
| Installation 48 | |||
| Operation 5 1 | |||
| Maintenance 5 2 | |||
| Conclusions 53 | |||
| 2.17.1 Key Design Features 5 3 | |||
| 2.17.2 Main Technical Features which will | |||
| Affect Users 53 | |||
| 2.1 7.3 Further Work | |||
| CHAPTER 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (by Peter Burgess) | |||
| 3.1 Introduction 5 5 | |||
| 3.2 Assessment of the Cost-Effectiveness of Water | |||
| Pumping for Irrigation 55 | |||
| 3.2.1 Sensitivity Analysis 6 0 | |||
| 3.2.2 Conclusion GO | |||
| 3-3 Social Factors 6 1 | |||
| 393.1 Introduction 6 1 | |||
| 3-3.2 Size of Pumping System Relative to 6 2 | |||
| Size of Landholdings | |||
| 303.3 Restrictions on Water Output 64 | |||
| 3 . 3 .'4 Social Implications of the Differing | |||
| Cost Structures of the Alternative | |||
| Pumping Systems 67 | |||
| 3-3.5 The Effects of Constraints on Pump | |||
| Siting on Land Values 70 | |||
| 3.3-6 Potential for Local Manufacture 7 1 | |||
| 303.7 Evidence for Potential IJse 7 1 | |||
| 3.308 Comparison with Alternative | |||
| Technologies 7 1 | |||
| 3 4 The Relative Cost-Effectiveness of Water | |||
| Current Turbines for Irrigation Compared to | |||
| Alternative Pumping Methods 72 | |||
| 704.1 Introduction 72 | |||
| 3.4.2 Evidence on Comparative Irrigation | |||
| Costs 74 | |||
| 3.5 Conclusion 77 | |||
| CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION | |||
| Checklist of Key Social, Economic and Technical 8 1 | |||
| Factors | |||
| APPENDICES | |||
| APPENDIX 1 : More Detailed Technical Information 85 | |||
| 1.1 Rotor Performance Comparisons 85 | |||
| 1.2 Rotor Bearing Loadings 88 | |||
| 1.3 Calculation of Transmission Ratio 89 | |||
| 1.4 Estimation of System Efficiency 102 | |||
| 1.5 Maintenance Schedule 107 | |||
| APPENDIX 2 : Case Study of the Economics of Using | |||
| Water Current Turbines for Irrigating | |||
| Vegetable Gardens in Juba 105 |
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