The message of Sustainable Livelihoods and Rural Development is clear: livelihoods approaches are an essential lens on questions of rural development, but these need to be situated in a better understanding of political economy. The book looks at the role of social institutions and the politics of policy, as well as issues of identity, gender and generation. The relationships between sustainability and livelihoods are examined, and the book situates livelihoods analysis within a wider political economy of environmental and agrarian change. Four dimensions of a new politics of livelihoods are suggested: a politics of interests, individuals, knowledge and ecology. Together, these suggest new ways of conceptualizing rural and agrarian issues, with profound implications for both thinking and action.

Prelims [ Inter-Church Organization for Development | Cooperation Statement | Acknowledgements | Series Editors’ Foreword | Author’s Preface
1 Livelihoods Perspectives: A Brief History
Livelihoods Thinking
Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
Keywords
Core Questions
2 Livelihoods, Poverty and Wellbeing
Livelihood Outcomes: Conceptual Foundations
Measuring Livelihood Outcomes
Evaluating Inequality
Multidimensional Metrics and Indices
Whose Indicators Count? Participatory and Ethnographic Approaches
Poverty Dynamics and Livelihood Change
Rights, Empowerment and Inequality
Conclusion
3 Livelihoods Frameworks and Beyond
Livelihood Contexts and Strategies
Livelihood Assets, Resources and Capitals
Livelihood Change
Politics and Power
What’s in a Framework?
Conclusion
4 Access and Control: Institutions, Organizations and Policy Processes
Institutions and Organizations
Understanding Access and Exclusion
Institutions, Practice and Agency
Difference, Recognition and Voice
Policy Processes
Unpacking the Black Box
5 Livelihoods, the Environment and Sustainability
People and the Environment: A Dynamic Relationship
Resource Scarcity: Beyond Malthus
Non-Equilibrium Ecologies
Sustainability as Adaptive Practice
Livelihoods and Lifestyles
A Political Ecology of Sustainability
Sustainability Reframed: Politics and Negotiation
6 Livelihoods and Political Economy
Unity of the Diverse
Class, Livelihoods and Agrarian Dynamics
States, Markets and Citizens
Conclusion
7 Asking the Right Questions: An Extended Livelihoods Approach
Political Economy and Rural Livelihood Analysis: Six Cases
Emerging Themes
Conclusion
8 Methods for Livelihoods Analysis
Mixed Methods: Beyond Disciplinary Silos
Operational Approaches to Livelihoods Assessment
Towards a Political Economy Analysis of Livelihoods
Challenging Biases
Conclusion
9 Bringing Politics Back In: New Challenges for Livelihoods Perspectives
Politics of Interests
Politics of Individuals
Politics of Knowledge
Politics of Ecology
A New Politics of Livelihoods
Back Matter [References | Index]

'This is an extraordinarily important book. It should become a classic. It is a must for every development professional. It is a masterly analysis and overview of the evolution and dimensions of the sustainable livelihoods approach, and opens up new territory of political economy, political ecology and a new politics of livelihoods. Concise yet comprehensive, combining and drawing on the perspectives of many disciplines, accessible to all readers, professionally impeccable, and on top of all this, original in its analysis and extension into new fields, this book is a wonderful contribution to development thinking and action. May it be very widely read, and may it be very influential.'
Robert Chambers, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex

'In this uniquely comprehensive, lucid and valuable review of notions of sustainable livelihoods and their applications, Ian Scoones makes a potent argument for reinstating an expansive perspective on livelihoods, informed by the political economy of agrarian change, at the centre of current concerns with overcoming rural inequality and poverty.'
Henry Bernstein, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

'Ian Scoones has produced a book that is in perfect balance: immensely useful, it is also challenging; theoretically perceptive, it is wonderfully readable; historically informed, it also looks forward, proposing agendas for scholars and professionals alike. Students and practitioners will find it invaluable because it places livelihood thinking in context, explores its applications, explains its limits and — perhaps most important of all — persuades the reader that being political and being practical are absolutely not mutually exclusive options in development, whether writing about it or working within it.'
Anthony Bebbington, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University and idpm, University of Manchester

'This book offers a sanguine assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a sustainable livelihoods approach. The proposed extension of the approach builds on a political economy tradition in agrarian and development studies. Nurturing sustainable livelihoods for the poor is not just about recognizing their exceptional skill at making a living, which includes diversifying livelihoods, jumping scales and nesting home places within productive networks, but also mitigating their vulnerability to land grabs, drought and floods, natural disasters, corporate greed and venal politics.'
Simon Batterbury, University of Melbourne

Ian Scoones
Ian Scoones is co-director of the ESRC STEPS Centre at Sussex and joint convenor of the IDS-hosted Future Agricultures Consortium. He is an agricultural ecologist whose interdisciplinary research links the natural and social sciences.