Livelihood from Fishing
Globalization and sustainable fisheries policies
The global fishing crisis has been described as the world's worst ecological disaster. Official sources describe the world's main fishing grounds as being fished at or above their limits; 70 per cent of fish stocks are regarded as fully exploited, over-exploited, depleted or recovering. But how many of us really understand the social and environmental impacts of the global trade in luxury fish products? Artificially coloured farmed shrimps from South Asia create exotic meals and huge profits, but cause major social and environmental disruptions. What are the social and environmental implications of feeding one-third of the world's fish catch to cattle, pigs, poultry and other fish? While, quite literally, nations and fishworkers go to war to defend access rights, and environmental organizations and fishworkers clash over policies, many of us do not know the difference between a trawl- and a drift-net. This book is the result of reflection, meetings and discussions since 1984 when the FAO organized the World Conference on Fisheries Management and Development and is also the fruit of close ties with fishworker organizations in both North and South. It contains a broad overview of fisheries (values and quantities of species caught), and describes for the general reader the social and nutritional issues raised by the modernization of fisheries worldwide. It aims to inform all who are interested in the protection of the marine environment and the plight of workers in the fisheries sector.
Published: 1998
Pages: 136
eBook: 9781780442648
Paperback: 9781853393983
| FOREWORD ix | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| PREFACE X | |||
| SECTION 1 FISHERIES TODAY 1 | |||
| Fish is an essential food 3 | |||
| Consumption levels are unequal 5 | |||
| The productivity of oceans varies 7 | |||
| Increasing production is not enough 9 | |||
| Fish is fed to livestock 11 | |||
| Japan is now a shaky giant 13 | |||
| Canada's west-coast fishery 15 | |||
| Opportunities from the sea 17 | |||
| Threats from the land 19 | |||
| China emerges as a fishing power 21 | |||
| In the South, fishing is on the rise 23 | |||
| Aquaculture gains in stature 25 | |||
| Intensive aquaculture becomes the modern-day gold rush 27 | |||
| The North imports more 29 | |||
| The South exports more 31 | |||
| France feeds off the South 33 | |||
| Artisanal fishing creates jobs 35 | |||
| Artisanal fishworkers are growing in number 37 | |||
| The role of women is ignored 39 | |||
| Quotas and fisheries mismanagement in the North 41 | |||
| SECTION 2 KEY ISSUES 43 | |||
| Globalization is spreading 45 | |||
| Multinationals play a powerful role 47 | |||
| Fishing helps repay Third World debt 49 | |||
| Too much capital invested in global fisheries 51 | |||
| Scarce and highly prized fishery resources 53 | |||
| India is caught between the devil and the deep blue sea 55 | |||
| Post-harvest losses are considerable 57 | |||
| Coastal regions under threat 59 | |||
| Mangroves are in danger 61 | |||
| The growth of sport fishing 63 | |||
| Exclusive economic zones take effect 65 | |||
| Environmental groups turn on the pressure 67 | |||
| Environmental laws: eco-protection or barriers to trade? 69 | |||
| Conflicts erupt more and more frequently 71 | |||
| Blue Europe is a huge market 73 | |||
| Fisheries agreements have a commercial bias 75 | |||
| Aquaculture competes in the market for fish 77 | |||
| Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) 79 | |||
| SECTION 3 WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE 81 | |||
| Artisanal fishworkers must be organized 83 | |||
| The need for international co-operation 85 | |||
| Women's roles must be recognized 87 | |||
| The environment must be protected 89 | |||
| Highly complex systems must be managed well 91 | |||
| Management objectives should be rationalized 93 | |||
| Participatory management 95 | |||
| Make the best of fish as food 97 | |||
| Choose environmentally sound and selective fishing techniques 99 | |||
| Kerala bans trawling 101 | |||
| Limit by-catches 103 | |||
| Promote extensive aquaculture 105 | |||
| Regulate the markets 107 | |||
| How free and fair is the free market? 109 | |||
| Review fisheries agreements 111 | |||
| Implement a code of conduct for responsible fisheries 113 | |||
| GLOSSARY 115 | |||
| BIBLIOGRAPHY 122 |
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06615-2_2 [Citations: 1]You might also like:
