Agricultural finance that reaches people facing poverty, gender, and age barriers
Mary Pat McVay | Genzo Yamamoto | Tim Strong | Ephantus Ndoka | Luke Coulson | Lydia Baffour Awuah
A high-tech, high-touch, high-impact (H3) approach to agricultural finance enables expansion of financial service markets to people facing poverty, gender, and age barriers to economic empowerment. This article explains the H3 approach and presents the case of Opportunity International’s Agricultural Finance Programme (AgFinance) in Africa. At the centre of the model are community-based farm advisors, providing high-touch/high-tech training in financial management, good agricultural practices, inclusion, and resilience. They also link farmers to financial service providers, input and equipment suppliers, and markets. In Malawi, where Opportunity has applied this model, outreach was high: 72 per cent of clients were living in extreme poverty, 57 per cent were women and 40 per cent youth. In 2021, the AgFinance programme facilitated loans to 68,262 borrowers with an outstanding balance of US$24.82 m. This outreach and scale demonstrates a market systems model – the H3 approach – with deep outreach at scale.ACDI/VOCA (2019) Market Systems Symposium 2019 Report, Cape Town South Africa [online], ACDI/VOCA <https://www.marketsystemssymposium.org/uploads/1/6/3/9/16395976/mss_report_2019.pdf> [accessed October 2021].
ACDI/VOCA (2020) ‘Six Ways Women Thrive in Village Savings and Loan Associations in Ghana’ [online], MicroLinks <https://agrilinks.org/post/six-ways-women-thrive-village-savings-and-loan-associations-ghana> [accessed October 2021].
AMENET and MFW4A (2021) ‘Overview of Africa’s financial sector’ [online], AMENT University Network and Making Markets Work for Africa <https://www.mfw4a.org/sites/default/files/resources/overview_of_africas_financial_sector_mfw4a_amenet.pdf> [accessed October 2021].
Andrews, Colin; de Montesquiou, Aude; Arevalo Sanchez, Ines; Dutta, Puja Vasudeva; Paul, Boban Varghese; Samaranayake, Sadna; Heisey, Janet; Clay, Timothy; Chaudhary, Sarang. (2021) The State of Economic Inclusion Report 2021: The Potential to Scale [online], World Bank, Washington, DC <https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialprotectionandjobs/publication/the-state-of-economic-inclusion-report-2021-the-potential-to-scale> [accessed October 2021].
Cassinath, N. and Mercer, M. (2020) Youth, Women, and Market Systems Development in Agriculture and Supporting Markets: Landscape Analysis and Case Studies Report [online], Advancing Women’s Empowerment, Feed the Future, USAID <https://agrilinks.org/post/agricultural-development-youth-women-market-systems> [accessed October 2021].
Cruz Zuniga, M., Lynn, M.L., Kaganzi Mwesigwa, E., Norell, D., Sriram, V. and Tumusiime, E. (2019) ‘Better together: improving food security and nutrition by linking market and food systems’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 30(3): 189–205 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.19-00008>.
Demirguc-Kunt, Asli; Klapper, Leora; Singer, Dorothe; Ansar, Saniya; Hess, Jake. (2018) Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution [online], World Bank, Washington, DC <https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29510> [accessed October 2021].
FAO (2011) The State of Food and Agriculture, Women in Agriculture: Closing the Gender Gap for Development [online], FAO, Rome <https://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2021/en/> [accessed October 2021].
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (2021) The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Transforming Food Systems for Food Security, Improved Nutrition and Affordable Healthy Diets for All [online], FAO, Rome <https://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2021/en/> [accessed October 2021].
iDEGlobal (2021) ‘Agriculture for Entrepreneurs: Transforming small farms into small businesses’, iDEGlobal <https://www.ideglobal.org/story/agriculture> [accessed September 2021].
IDH (2021) Annual Report 2020: Sustainable Business Models Delivering Impact [online], IDH The Sustainable Trade Initiative, Amsterdam, Netherlands <https://www.idhsustainabletrade.com/publication/idh-2020-annual-report-sustainable-business-models-delivering-impact/> [accessed September 2021].
ISF Advisors (2020) Pathways to Prosperity: 2019 Rural and Agricultural Finance State of the Sector Report [online], Rural and Agricultural Finance Learning Lab <https://pathways.raflearning.org/> [accessed September 2021].
Opportunity International (2016) Opportunity Agricultural Finance: Value Chain Partnerships in Practice [online], Opportunity International <https://opportunity.org/content/News/Publications/Knowledge%20Exchange/opportunity-international-the-mastercard-foundation-value-chain-partnerships-in-practice.pdf> [accessed July 2021].
Opportunity International (2019a) AgFinance Positively Impacts Small-scale Farms in Ghana [online], Opportunity International <https://opportunity.org/content/News/Publications/Knowledge%20Exchange/opportunity-international-the-mastercard-foundation-agfinance-positively-impacts-smallholder-farms-ghana.pdf> [accessed July 2021].
Opportunity International (2019b) Digital Client Engagement: Interactive Voice Response (IVR) [online], Opportunity International <https://opportunity.org/content/News/Publications/Knowledge%20Exchange/opportunity-international-digital-client-engagement-interactive-voice-response-2019.pdf> [accessed July 2021].
Opportunity International (2020) Annual Report, Opportunity International https://opportunity.org/news/publications/past-annual-reports/annual-report-2020.
Phiri, D. (2021) ‘A paradigm shift in farmer field schools methodology in eastern Africa’, FAO [online] <https://www.fao.org/news/countries-good-practices/article/en/c/1382854/> [accessed July 2021].
Sinapi Aba Savings and Loans (SASL) and Opportunity International. (2017) Client Journey Mapping: Applied by Sinapi Aba Savings and Loans and Opportunity International in Ghana, UNCDF [online], <https://opportunity.org/content/News/Publications/Knowledge%20Exchange/opportunity-international-uncdf-microlead-client-journey-mapping-as-applied-by-SASL.pdf> [accessed July 2021].
United Nations (2021) ‘17 Goals’ [online], United Nations <https://sdgs.un.org/goals> [accessed October 2021].
van den Berg, H., Phillips, S., Poisot, A.-S., Dicke, M. and Fredrix, M. (2021) ‘Leading issues in implementation of farmer field schools: a global survey’, The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 27(3): 341–53 <https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2020.1858891>.
World Bank (2020) Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune [online], World Bank, Washington, DC <https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity> [accessed July 2021].
Wünderlich, N.V., Wangenheim, F.V. and Bitner, M.J. (2013) ‘High tech, and high touch: a framework for understanding user attitudes and behaviors related to smart interactive services’, Journal of Service Research 16(1): 3–20.
Gender Inclusion in Agriculture: The Mediating Role of Microfinance
Maldonado Castro, Jenny
Parra Gavilanes, Daniel
Guzmán Macías, María
LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Vol. 4 (2023), Iss. 1
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v4i1.363 [Citations: 0]Governmental Support for Agritourism Engagement by SMEs: A Resource-Based View of Honduras
Campbell, Jeffrey M.
Kubickova, Marketa
(2023) P.1
https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2023.2213228 [Citations: 0]- Value chain financing: evidence from Zambia on smallholder access to finance for mechanization
- Developing agro-pastoral entrepreneurship: bundling blended finance and technology
- Building frontline market facilitators' capacity: the case of the ‘Integrating Very Poor Producers into Value Chains Field Guide’
- Boosting financial inclusion through social assistance reform: evidence-based approach in selecting a payment system
- Impact of COVID-19 on livestock exports from Somalia and the Horn of Africa