Micro pensions in developing countries: a case study of the Solomon Islands
In the traditional old-age scenario, grandparents lived among their extended family members, growing vegetables and taking care of the grandchildren. Today this is no longer evident. Due to modernization, urbanization, and migration, family support is becoming an increasingly demanding obligation, even in the Pacific. Therefore, the need for (micro) pension schemes is increasing. This study is conducted in the Solomon Islands, a low-income country in the South Pacific Ocean. It investigates the drivers behind the saving behaviour of the first group of participants in a micro pension pilot initiated by the Solomon Islands National Provident Fund (SINPF). The results show that the initial contribution needed for entering the micro pension scheme, the age of participants, and the occupation of participants are the main determinants of long-term saving. The results are based on empirical findings and can therefore be indicative of the determinants of informal saving in other countries with similar large informal sectors.Addai, B., Gyimah, A.G. and Boadi Owusu, W.K. (2017) ‘Savings habit among individuals in the informal sector: a case study of Gbegbeyishie fishing community in Ghana’, International Journal of Economics and Finance 9: 262–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n4p262>.
Anang, B.T., Dawuda, I. and Imoro, L. (2015) ‘Determinants of savings habit among clients of Bonzali Rural Bank in the Tolon-Kumbungu District of Ghana’, UDS International Journal of Development 2(2): 88–97.
Berry, W.D. and Feldman, S. (1985) Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences: Multiple Regression in Practice, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Bime, M.J. and Mbanasor, J. (2011) ‘Determinants of informal savings amongst vegetable farmers in North West Region, Cameroon’, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 3(12): 588–92.
Bloom, D.E. and McKinnon, R. (2013) The Design and Implementation of Public Pension Systems in Developing Countries: Issues and Options, IZA Policy Paper No. 59, Bonn: IZA.
Demirguc-Kunt, A. (2018) The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution, Washington, DC: World Bank.
Friedman, M. (1957) A Theory of the Consumption Function, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Heenkenda, S. (2017) ‘Preference and choice for micro pension scheme: evidence from estate sector in Sri Lanka’, International Journal of Developmental Research 7(2): 11646–54.
Holly, I. (2019) Lesson from Solomon Islands: Innovating with Pensions for the Informal Sector, Pacific Financial Inclusion Program, New York: UN Capital Development Fund.
Keynes, J.M. (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London: Macmillan.
Kunkel, S., Brown, J.S. and Whittington, F.J. (2014) Global Ageing: Comparative Perspectives on Ageing and the Life Course, New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Modigliani, F. (1966) ‘The life cycle hypostudy of saving, the demand for wealth and the supply of capital’, Social Research 33(2): 160–217.
Obayelu, O.A. (2012) ‘Saving behavior of rural households in Kwara State, Nigeria’, African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 115–23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1999413>.
Oladeji, S.I. and Ogunrinola, I.O. (2001) ‘Determinants of informal savings in south-western Nigeria’, Savings and Development 25(2): 225–51.
United Nations (2015) World Population Ageing, New York: United Nations.
Uthira, D. and Hansa, L.M. (2009) ‘Economic implications and sustainability of micropensions in the era of pension reforms in India’, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics 24: 36–47.
White, H. (1980) ‘A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity’, Econometrica 48(4): 817–38 <https://doi.org/10.2307/1912934>.
WHO (2018) ‘Global Health Observatory data repository: life tables by country: Solomon Islands’ [online] <http://apps.who.int/gho/data/?theme=main&vid=61520> [accessed 9 February 2020].
Addai, B., Gyimah, A.G. and Boadi Owusu, W.K. (2017) ‘Savings habit among individuals in the informal sector: a case study of Gbegbeyishie fishing community in Ghana’, International Journal of Economics and Finance 9: 262–7 <http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n4p262>.
Anang, B.T., Dawuda, I. and Imoro, L. (2015) ‘Determinants of savings habit among clients of Bonzali Rural Bank in the Tolon-Kumbungu District of Ghana’, UDS International Journal of Development 2(2): 88–97.
Berry, W.D. and Feldman, S. (1985) Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences: Multiple Regression in Practice, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Bime, M.J. and Mbanasor, J. (2011) ‘Determinants of informal savings amongst vegetable farmers in North West Region, Cameroon’, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 3(12): 588–92.
Bloom, D.E. and McKinnon, R. (2013) The Design and Implementation of Public Pension Systems in Developing Countries: Issues and Options, IZA Policy Paper No. 59, Bonn: IZA.
Demirguc-Kunt, A. (2018) The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution, Washington, DC: World Bank.
Friedman, M. (1957) A Theory of the Consumption Function, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Heenkenda, S. (2017) ‘Preference and choice for micro pension scheme: evidence from estate sector in Sri Lanka’, International Journal of Developmental Research 7(2): 11646–54.
Holly, I. (2019) Lesson from Solomon Islands: Innovating with Pensions for the Informal Sector, Pacific Financial Inclusion Program, New York: UN Capital Development Fund.
Keynes, J.M. (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London: Macmillan.
Kunkel, S., Brown, J.S. and Whittington, F.J. (2014) Global Ageing: Comparative Perspectives on Ageing and the Life Course, New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Modigliani, F. (1966) ‘The life cycle hypostudy of saving, the demand for wealth and the supply of capital’, Social Research 33(2): 160–217.
Obayelu, O.A. (2012) ‘Saving behavior of rural households in Kwara State, Nigeria’, African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 115–23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1999413>.
Oladeji, S.I. and Ogunrinola, I.O. (2001) ‘Determinants of informal savings in south-western Nigeria’, Savings and Development 25(2): 225–51.
United Nations (2015) World Population Ageing, New York: United Nations.
Uthira, D. and Hansa, L.M. (2009) ‘Economic implications and sustainability of micropensions in the era of pension reforms in India’, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics 24: 36–47.
White, H. (1980) ‘A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity’, Econometrica 48(4): 817–38 <https://doi.org/10.2307/1912934>.
WHO (2018) ‘Global Health Observatory data repository: life tables by country: Solomon Islands’ [online] <http://apps.who.int/gho/data/?theme=main&vid=61520> [accessed 9 February 2020].
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