Editorial: New approaches to old problems: systemic change as a unifying objective
Systemic approaches to development have, over the last decade, gone from a niche concern to what is arguably a paradigm shift, in discourse at least. In academia, the global value chains literature has shifted focus to align behind global production networks literature in being more inclusive of the multidirectional flows and institutional dynamics of systems (Hess and Yeung, 2006; Coe et al., 2008; Bair, 2008). In practice, donors have begun to align behind systemic approaches demonstrated by USAID’s shift from Value Chains to Value Chain Systems (USAID, 2014) and the £1 bn of programmes commissioned under a systems banner over the past decade (authors’ analysis of programme documents). The systemic approach to development intervention is grounded in the works of Polanyi, Porter and New Institutional Economics, and has analytical synergies with work on complex adaptive systems (Hall and Clark, 2010; Ramalingam et al., 2008, 2014). However, this journal has played a significant role in the conceptual development of the operational side of market system approaches, and their principal articulation, Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) (Elliott et al., 2008; Bear et al., 2003; Hitchins et al., 2004; Taylor, 2013; Bekkers, 2008; Bear and Field, 2008; Jones, 2012; Hitchins and Jain, 2011; Johnson, 2009), codified in the Operational Guide (DfID and SDC, 2008; Springfield Centre, 2015).Bair, J. (2008) ‘Analysing global economic organization: embedded networks and global chains compared’, Economy and Society 37: 339–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085140802172664>.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2008.014>.
Bear, M., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2003) ‘From principles to practice: ten critical challenges for BDS market development’, Small Enterprise Development 14(4): 10–23.
Bekkers, H. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2).
Coe, N., Dicken, P. and Hess, M. (2008) ‘Introduction: global production networks – debates and challenges’, Journal of Economic Geography 8: 267–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn006>.
DfID and SDC (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Stockholm: SDC; London: DfID.
Elliott, D., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2008) ‘Making markets work for the poor: rationale and practice’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 101–19.
Hall, A. and Clark, N. (2010) ‘What do complex adaptive systems look like and what are the implications for innovation policy?’ Journal of International Development 22: 308–24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1690>.
Hess, M. and Yeung, H. (2006) ‘Whither global production networks in economic geography? Past, present and future’, Environment and Planning A 38: 1193–1204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38463>.
Hitchins, R. and Jain, A. (2011) ‘Crossfire: how easy is market development in practice?’ Enterprise Development and Microfinance 22(3): 173–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2011.020>.
Hitchins, R., Elliott, D. and Gibson, A. (2004) ‘Making business service markets work for the rural poor: a review of experience’, Small Enterprise Development 16(2): 10–23.
Johnson, S. (2009) ‘Sustainable livelihoods and pro-poor market development’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20(4): 333–5 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2009.037>.
Jones, L. (2012) Discussion Paper for an M4P WEE Framework: How can the Making Markets Work for the Poor Framework work for poor women and for poor men? [pdf], Durham, UK: The Springfield Centre <www.m4phub.org/userfiles/resources/32201210289657-M4P_WEE_Framework_Final.pdf> [accessed 15 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B. and Jones H. with Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implications for Development and Humanitarian Efforts [pdf], London: Overseas Development Institute <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.153.4625&rep=rep1&type=pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B., Laric, M. and Primrose, J. (2014) From Best Practice to Best Fit: Understanding and Navigating Wicked Problems in International Development [pdf], Draft Working Paper, London: Overseas Development Institute <http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BestPracticetoBestFitWorkingPaper_DraftforComments_May2014.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Taylor, B. (2013) ‘In vogue and at odds: systemic change and new public management in development’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 25(4).
Taylor, B. (2014) ‘Who wants to give forever? Giving meaning to sustainability in development’, Journal of International Development 26(8): 1181–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3033>.
The Springfield Centre (2015) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, 2nd edn, Durham, UK: Springfield Centre.
USAID (2014) A Framework for Inclusive Market System Development [pdf], LEO Brief, Microlinks <https://www.microlinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/Market_Systems_Framework.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Bair, J. (2008) ‘Analysing global economic organization: embedded networks and global chains compared’, Economy and Society 37: 339–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085140802172664>.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2008.014>.
Bear, M., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2003) ‘From principles to practice: ten critical challenges for BDS market development’, Small Enterprise Development 14(4): 10–23.
Bekkers, H. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2).
Coe, N., Dicken, P. and Hess, M. (2008) ‘Introduction: global production networks – debates and challenges’, Journal of Economic Geography 8: 267–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn006>.
DfID and SDC (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Stockholm: SDC; London: DfID.
Elliott, D., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2008) ‘Making markets work for the poor: rationale and practice’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 101–19.
Hall, A. and Clark, N. (2010) ‘What do complex adaptive systems look like and what are the implications for innovation policy?’ Journal of International Development 22: 308–24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1690>.
Hess, M. and Yeung, H. (2006) ‘Whither global production networks in economic geography? Past, present and future’, Environment and Planning A 38: 1193–1204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38463>.
Hitchins, R. and Jain, A. (2011) ‘Crossfire: how easy is market development in practice?’ Enterprise Development and Microfinance 22(3): 173–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2011.020>.
Hitchins, R., Elliott, D. and Gibson, A. (2004) ‘Making business service markets work for the rural poor: a review of experience’, Small Enterprise Development 16(2): 10–23.
Johnson, S. (2009) ‘Sustainable livelihoods and pro-poor market development’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20(4): 333–5 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2009.037>.
Jones, L. (2012) Discussion Paper for an M4P WEE Framework: How can the Making Markets Work for the Poor Framework work for poor women and for poor men? [pdf], Durham, UK: The Springfield Centre <www.m4phub.org/userfiles/resources/32201210289657-M4P_WEE_Framework_Final.pdf> [accessed 15 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B. and Jones H. with Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implications for Development and Humanitarian Efforts [pdf], London: Overseas Development Institute <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.153.4625&rep=rep1&type=pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B., Laric, M. and Primrose, J. (2014) From Best Practice to Best Fit: Understanding and Navigating Wicked Problems in International Development [pdf], Draft Working Paper, London: Overseas Development Institute <http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BestPracticetoBestFitWorkingPaper_DraftforComments_May2014.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Taylor, B. (2013) ‘In vogue and at odds: systemic change and new public management in development’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 25(4).
Taylor, B. (2014) ‘Who wants to give forever? Giving meaning to sustainability in development’, Journal of International Development 26(8): 1181–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3033>.
The Springfield Centre (2015) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, 2nd edn, Durham, UK: Springfield Centre.
USAID (2014) A Framework for Inclusive Market System Development [pdf], LEO Brief, Microlinks <https://www.microlinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/Market_Systems_Framework.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Bair, J. (2008) ‘Analysing global economic organization: embedded networks and global chains compared’, Economy and Society 37: 339–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085140802172664>.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2008.014>.
Bear, M., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2003) ‘From principles to practice: ten critical challenges for BDS market development’, Small Enterprise Development 14(4): 10–23.
Bekkers, H. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2).
Coe, N., Dicken, P. and Hess, M. (2008) ‘Introduction: global production networks – debates and challenges’, Journal of Economic Geography 8: 267–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn006>.
DfID and SDC (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Stockholm: SDC; London: DfID.
Elliott, D., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2008) ‘Making markets work for the poor: rationale and practice’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 101–19.
Hall, A. and Clark, N. (2010) ‘What do complex adaptive systems look like and what are the implications for innovation policy?’ Journal of International Development 22: 308–24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1690>.
Hess, M. and Yeung, H. (2006) ‘Whither global production networks in economic geography? Past, present and future’, Environment and Planning A 38: 1193–1204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38463>.
Hitchins, R. and Jain, A. (2011) ‘Crossfire: how easy is market development in practice?’ Enterprise Development and Microfinance 22(3): 173–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2011.020>.
Hitchins, R., Elliott, D. and Gibson, A. (2004) ‘Making business service markets work for the rural poor: a review of experience’, Small Enterprise Development 16(2): 10–23.
Johnson, S. (2009) ‘Sustainable livelihoods and pro-poor market development’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20(4): 333–5 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2009.037>.
Jones, L. (2012) Discussion Paper for an M4P WEE Framework: How can the Making Markets Work for the Poor Framework work for poor women and for poor men? [pdf], Durham, UK: The Springfield Centre <www.m4phub.org/userfiles/resources/32201210289657-M4P_WEE_Framework_Final.pdf> [accessed 15 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B. and Jones H. with Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implications for Development and Humanitarian Efforts [pdf], London: Overseas Development Institute <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.153.4625&rep=rep1&type=pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B., Laric, M. and Primrose, J. (2014) From Best Practice to Best Fit: Understanding and Navigating Wicked Problems in International Development [pdf], Draft Working Paper, London: Overseas Development Institute <http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BestPracticetoBestFitWorkingPaper_DraftforComments_May2014.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Taylor, B. (2013) ‘In vogue and at odds: systemic change and new public management in development’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 25(4).
Taylor, B. (2014) ‘Who wants to give forever? Giving meaning to sustainability in development’, Journal of International Development 26(8): 1181–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3033>.
The Springfield Centre (2015) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, 2nd edn, Durham, UK: Springfield Centre.
USAID (2014) A Framework for Inclusive Market System Development [pdf], LEO Brief, Microlinks <https://www.microlinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/Market_Systems_Framework.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Bair, J. (2008) ‘Analysing global economic organization: embedded networks and global chains compared’, Economy and Society 37: 339–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085140802172664>.
Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2008.014>.
Bear, M., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2003) ‘From principles to practice: ten critical challenges for BDS market development’, Small Enterprise Development 14(4): 10–23.
Bekkers, H. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2).
Coe, N., Dicken, P. and Hess, M. (2008) ‘Introduction: global production networks – debates and challenges’, Journal of Economic Geography 8: 267–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn006>.
DfID and SDC (2008) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, Stockholm: SDC; London: DfID.
Elliott, D., Gibson, A. and Hitchins, R. (2008) ‘Making markets work for the poor: rationale and practice’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 101–19.
Hall, A. and Clark, N. (2010) ‘What do complex adaptive systems look like and what are the implications for innovation policy?’ Journal of International Development 22: 308–24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1690>.
Hess, M. and Yeung, H. (2006) ‘Whither global production networks in economic geography? Past, present and future’, Environment and Planning A 38: 1193–1204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38463>.
Hitchins, R. and Jain, A. (2011) ‘Crossfire: how easy is market development in practice?’ Enterprise Development and Microfinance 22(3): 173–9 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2011.020>.
Hitchins, R., Elliott, D. and Gibson, A. (2004) ‘Making business service markets work for the rural poor: a review of experience’, Small Enterprise Development 16(2): 10–23.
Johnson, S. (2009) ‘Sustainable livelihoods and pro-poor market development’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 20(4): 333–5 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2009.037>.
Jones, L. (2012) Discussion Paper for an M4P WEE Framework: How can the Making Markets Work for the Poor Framework work for poor women and for poor men? [pdf], Durham, UK: The Springfield Centre <www.m4phub.org/userfiles/resources/32201210289657-M4P_WEE_Framework_Final.pdf> [accessed 15 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B. and Jones H. with Reba, T. and Young, J. (2008) Exploring the Science of Complexity: Ideas and Implications for Development and Humanitarian Efforts [pdf], London: Overseas Development Institute <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.153.4625&rep=rep1&type=pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Ramalingam, B., Laric, M. and Primrose, J. (2014) From Best Practice to Best Fit: Understanding and Navigating Wicked Problems in International Development [pdf], Draft Working Paper, London: Overseas Development Institute <http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BestPracticetoBestFitWorkingPaper_DraftforComments_May2014.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
Taylor, B. (2013) ‘In vogue and at odds: systemic change and new public management in development’, Journal of Enterprise Development and Microfinance 25(4).
Taylor, B. (2014) ‘Who wants to give forever? Giving meaning to sustainability in development’, Journal of International Development 26(8): 1181–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3033>.
The Springfield Centre (2015) The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, 2nd edn, Durham, UK: Springfield Centre.
USAID (2014) A Framework for Inclusive Market System Development [pdf], LEO Brief, Microlinks <https://www.microlinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/Market_Systems_Framework.pdf> [accessed 26 January 2016].
- Value chain financing: evidence from Zambia on smallholder access to finance for mechanization
- Developing agro-pastoral entrepreneurship: bundling blended finance and technology
- Building frontline market facilitators' capacity: the case of the ‘Integrating Very Poor Producers into Value Chains Field Guide’
- Boosting financial inclusion through social assistance reform: evidence-based approach in selecting a payment system
- Impact of COVID-19 on livestock exports from Somalia and the Horn of Africa