Making use of mobile phones can drive the expansion of insurance coverage in low-income markets. It should increase the efficiency of transactions across the entire value chain, improving processes such as enrolment, premium collection, and claims settlement. At first glance, the incentives that drive revenues for mobile network operators (MNOs) and insurers do not seem naturally aligned. MNOs have more customers and more products than insurers and they have fewer difficulties in serving the low-income market. But it is precisely these distinctions that make MNOs such attractive partners for insurers wanting to reach scale and to access the low-income market. MNOs can provide insurers with access to a large, dispersed client base and an established network of distribution points to interact with these clients. It can enable exceptional scale and it can, although not always, improve client value. On the other hand insurance can help MNOs to raise revenues and create adjacent benefits such as reducing churn and increasing average revenue per user (ARPU).

BFA (2013) Review of FSD's Index Based Weather Insurance Initiatives [pdf] <www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf

FinScope (2009) Access to Finance Study Pakistan [online] <www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9

Gross, P. (2012) ‘Replace the agent: mobile technology for scale and quality’, presentation at the 8th Munich Re Foundation Conference, 8 November, Tanzania: MicroEnsure.

Gross, P. (2013) ‘Innovation in microinsurance business models: mobile and agent case study session’, Kenya: ILO/Cenfri/USBED/AIO/IRA Microinsurance training session.

Leach, J. (2012) ‘M-Insurance: the potential to drive massive access to meaningful and profitable insurance solutions?’ Sanlam CEO Conference, 12 June, Cape Town: Bankable Frontier Associates.

Leach, J. (2013a) ‘Understanding the impact of m-insurance failures’, 9th International Microinsurance Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Leach, J. (2013b) ‘M-Insurance: ensuring take-off while doing no harm’, [online] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm≯ [accessed 27 November 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm

Matul, M., Tatin-Jaleran, C. and Kelly, E. (2011) Improving Client Value from Microinsurance: Insights from India, Kenya and the Philippines, Microinsurance Paper No. 12, Geneva: ILO.

McCord, M., Steinmann, R., Tatin-Jaleran, C., Ingram, M. and Mateo, M. (2012) The Landscape of Microinsurance in Africa, Munich: Making Finance Work for Africa and Munich Re Foundation.

Smith, A., Chamberlain, D., Smit, H., Ncube, S. and Chelwa, G. (2010) Kenya Microinsurance Lansdcape: Market and Regulatory Analysis, Cape Town: Cenfri.

Tarazi, M. (2012) ‘Logic behind branchless banking’, presentation at Role of Funders Workshop, Brussels: CGAP.

Tellez, C. and Zetterli, P. (2014) The Emerging Global Landscape of Mobile Microinsurance [pdf] CGAP Brief, Washington, DC: CGAP <www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf≯ [accessed 4 February 2014]. www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf

Zetterli, P. (2013a) ‘Can phones drive insurance markets? Initial results from Ghana’ [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana≯ (posted 15 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana

Zetterli, P. (2013b) ‘Freemium: spawning an insurance market in Ghana’, [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana≯ (posted 19 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana

BFA (2013) Review of FSD's Index Based Weather Insurance Initiatives [pdf] <www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf

FinScope (2009) Access to Finance Study Pakistan [online] <www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9

Gross, P. (2012) ‘Replace the agent: mobile technology for scale and quality’, presentation at the 8th Munich Re Foundation Conference, 8 November, Tanzania: MicroEnsure.

Gross, P. (2013) ‘Innovation in microinsurance business models: mobile and agent case study session’, Kenya: ILO/Cenfri/USBED/AIO/IRA Microinsurance training session.

Leach, J. (2012) ‘M-Insurance: the potential to drive massive access to meaningful and profitable insurance solutions?’ Sanlam CEO Conference, 12 June, Cape Town: Bankable Frontier Associates.

Leach, J. (2013a) ‘Understanding the impact of m-insurance failures’, 9th International Microinsurance Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Leach, J. (2013b) ‘M-Insurance: ensuring take-off while doing no harm’, [online] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm≯ [accessed 27 November 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm

Matul, M., Tatin-Jaleran, C. and Kelly, E. (2011) Improving Client Value from Microinsurance: Insights from India, Kenya and the Philippines, Microinsurance Paper No. 12, Geneva: ILO.

McCord, M., Steinmann, R., Tatin-Jaleran, C., Ingram, M. and Mateo, M. (2012) The Landscape of Microinsurance in Africa, Munich: Making Finance Work for Africa and Munich Re Foundation.

Smith, A., Chamberlain, D., Smit, H., Ncube, S. and Chelwa, G. (2010) Kenya Microinsurance Lansdcape: Market and Regulatory Analysis, Cape Town: Cenfri.

Tarazi, M. (2012) ‘Logic behind branchless banking’, presentation at Role of Funders Workshop, Brussels: CGAP.

Tellez, C. and Zetterli, P. (2014) The Emerging Global Landscape of Mobile Microinsurance [pdf] CGAP Brief, Washington, DC: CGAP <www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf≯ [accessed 4 February 2014]. www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf

Zetterli, P. (2013a) ‘Can phones drive insurance markets? Initial results from Ghana’ [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana≯ (posted 15 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana

Zetterli, P. (2013b) ‘Freemium: spawning an insurance market in Ghana’, [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana≯ (posted 19 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana

BFA (2013) Review of FSD's Index Based Weather Insurance Initiatives [pdf] <www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf

FinScope (2009) Access to Finance Study Pakistan [online] <www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9

Gross, P. (2012) ‘Replace the agent: mobile technology for scale and quality’, presentation at the 8th Munich Re Foundation Conference, 8 November, Tanzania: MicroEnsure.

Gross, P. (2013) ‘Innovation in microinsurance business models: mobile and agent case study session’, Kenya: ILO/Cenfri/USBED/AIO/IRA Microinsurance training session.

Leach, J. (2012) ‘M-Insurance: the potential to drive massive access to meaningful and profitable insurance solutions?’ Sanlam CEO Conference, 12 June, Cape Town: Bankable Frontier Associates.

Leach, J. (2013a) ‘Understanding the impact of m-insurance failures’, 9th International Microinsurance Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Leach, J. (2013b) ‘M-Insurance: ensuring take-off while doing no harm’, [online] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm≯ [accessed 27 November 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm

Matul, M., Tatin-Jaleran, C. and Kelly, E. (2011) Improving Client Value from Microinsurance: Insights from India, Kenya and the Philippines, Microinsurance Paper No. 12, Geneva: ILO.

McCord, M., Steinmann, R., Tatin-Jaleran, C., Ingram, M. and Mateo, M. (2012) The Landscape of Microinsurance in Africa, Munich: Making Finance Work for Africa and Munich Re Foundation.

Smith, A., Chamberlain, D., Smit, H., Ncube, S. and Chelwa, G. (2010) Kenya Microinsurance Lansdcape: Market and Regulatory Analysis, Cape Town: Cenfri.

Tarazi, M. (2012) ‘Logic behind branchless banking’, presentation at Role of Funders Workshop, Brussels: CGAP.

Tellez, C. and Zetterli, P. (2014) The Emerging Global Landscape of Mobile Microinsurance [pdf] CGAP Brief, Washington, DC: CGAP <www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf≯ [accessed 4 February 2014]. www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf

Zetterli, P. (2013a) ‘Can phones drive insurance markets? Initial results from Ghana’ [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana≯ (posted 15 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana

Zetterli, P. (2013b) ‘Freemium: spawning an insurance market in Ghana’, [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana≯ (posted 19 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana

BFA (2013) Review of FSD's Index Based Weather Insurance Initiatives [pdf] <www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.fsdkenya.org/pdf_documents/13-08-12_IBWI_Project_Review_full_report.pdf

FinScope (2009) Access to Finance Study Pakistan [online] <www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9≯ [accessed 12 December 2013]. www.finscope.co.za/finscope/pages/Initiatives/Countries/Pakistan.aspx?randomID=9a3bc8c3-4457-4049-a9d9-c785029c5040&linkPath=3_1&lID=3_1_9

Gross, P. (2012) ‘Replace the agent: mobile technology for scale and quality’, presentation at the 8th Munich Re Foundation Conference, 8 November, Tanzania: MicroEnsure.

Gross, P. (2013) ‘Innovation in microinsurance business models: mobile and agent case study session’, Kenya: ILO/Cenfri/USBED/AIO/IRA Microinsurance training session.

Leach, J. (2012) ‘M-Insurance: the potential to drive massive access to meaningful and profitable insurance solutions?’ Sanlam CEO Conference, 12 June, Cape Town: Bankable Frontier Associates.

Leach, J. (2013a) ‘Understanding the impact of m-insurance failures’, 9th International Microinsurance Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Leach, J. (2013b) ‘M-Insurance: ensuring take-off while doing no harm’, [online] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm≯ [accessed 27 November 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/m-insurance-ensuring-take-while-doing-no-harm

Matul, M., Tatin-Jaleran, C. and Kelly, E. (2011) Improving Client Value from Microinsurance: Insights from India, Kenya and the Philippines, Microinsurance Paper No. 12, Geneva: ILO.

McCord, M., Steinmann, R., Tatin-Jaleran, C., Ingram, M. and Mateo, M. (2012) The Landscape of Microinsurance in Africa, Munich: Making Finance Work for Africa and Munich Re Foundation.

Smith, A., Chamberlain, D., Smit, H., Ncube, S. and Chelwa, G. (2010) Kenya Microinsurance Lansdcape: Market and Regulatory Analysis, Cape Town: Cenfri.

Tarazi, M. (2012) ‘Logic behind branchless banking’, presentation at Role of Funders Workshop, Brussels: CGAP.

Tellez, C. and Zetterli, P. (2014) The Emerging Global Landscape of Mobile Microinsurance [pdf] CGAP Brief, Washington, DC: CGAP <www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf≯ [accessed 4 February 2014]. www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Brief-The-Emerging- Global-Landscape-of-Mobile-Microinsurance-Jan-2014.pdf

Zetterli, P. (2013a) ‘Can phones drive insurance markets? Initial results from Ghana’ [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana≯ (posted 15 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/can-phones-drive-insurance-markets-initial-results-ghana

Zetterli, P. (2013b) ‘Freemium: spawning an insurance market in Ghana’, [blog] CGAP <www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana≯ (posted 19 February 2013) [accessed 1 October 2013]. www.cgap.org/blog/freemium-spawning-insurance-market-ghana