A critical review of the effects of entrepreneurship training in developing countries
The published literature suggests that entrepreneurship training is an effective means of promoting entrepreneurship. The present study reviews 30 published and unpublished studies that evaluated 10 different entrepreneurship training programmes in developing countries. The review indicates that entrepreneurship training seems to positively affect entrepreneurial performance. Moreover, it suggests that different training content may influence different facets of business success. However, the vast majority of the reviewed evaluation studies face serious methodological problems, thus limiting the conclusiveness of their results. Only two studies used sound methodologies. Hence, the present review stresses that it is essential to apply sound methodology to evaluate entrepreneurship training. Otherwise the results of the training programmes could be spurious.Baron, R.A. (2007) ‘Entrepreneurship: A process perspective’, in J.R. Baum, M. Frese and R.A. Baron (eds.), The Psychology of Entrepreneurship, pp. 19-39, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
Baum, J.R. (2004) ‘Cognitions and behaviors of successful nascent entrepreneurs: A three-year panel study’, presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 6-11 August 2004, New Orleans, LA.
Baumol, W.J. (2002) The Free-market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Birch, D. (1987) Job Creation in America, Free Press, New York.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989) ‘Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments’, Academy of Management Journal 32(3): 543-76.
Empretec Ghana Fountadiation (2002) ‘Impact Study Report 2000-2002’, Empretec Ghana Foundation.
Harper, M. and Finnegan, G. (1998) Value for Money? Impact of Small Enterprise Development, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.
Kirkpatrick, D.L. (1959) ‘Techniques for evaluating training programs’, Journal of the American Society of Training and Development 13: 3-9.
Martínez, A.C., Levie, J., Kelley, D.J., Saemundsson, R.J. and Schott, T. (2010) ‘A global perspective on entrepreneurship education and training’, GEM Report [website] <http://www.gemconsortium.org= [accessed 12 May 2010]. http://www.gemconsortium.org
Mead, D.C. and Liedholm, C. (1998) ‘The dynamics of micro and small enterprises in developing countries’, World Development 26: 61-74.
Shrout, P.E. and Fleiss, J.L. (1979) ‘Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability’, Psychological Bulletin 86(2): 420-28.
van Stel, A.J. (2006) Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, International Studies in Entrepreneurship Series 13, Springer Science, New York.
Baron, R.A. (2007) ‘Entrepreneurship: A process perspective’, in J.R. Baum, M. Frese and R.A. Baron (eds.), The Psychology of Entrepreneurship, pp. 19-39, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
Baum, J.R. (2004) ‘Cognitions and behaviors of successful nascent entrepreneurs: A three-year panel study’, presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 6-11 August 2004, New Orleans, LA.
Baumol, W.J. (2002) The Free-market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Birch, D. (1987) Job Creation in America, Free Press, New York.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989) ‘Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments’, Academy of Management Journal 32(3): 543-76.
Empretec Ghana Fountadiation (2002) ‘Impact Study Report 2000-2002’, Empretec Ghana Foundation.
Harper, M. and Finnegan, G. (1998) Value for Money? Impact of Small Enterprise Development, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.
Kirkpatrick, D.L. (1959) ‘Techniques for evaluating training programs’, Journal of the American Society of Training and Development 13: 3-9.
Martínez, A.C., Levie, J., Kelley, D.J., Saemundsson, R.J. and Schott, T. (2010) ‘A global perspective on entrepreneurship education and training’, GEM Report [website] <http://www.gemconsortium.org= [accessed 12 May 2010]. http://www.gemconsortium.org
Mead, D.C. and Liedholm, C. (1998) ‘The dynamics of micro and small enterprises in developing countries’, World Development 26: 61-74.
Shrout, P.E. and Fleiss, J.L. (1979) ‘Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability’, Psychological Bulletin 86(2): 420-28.
van Stel, A.J. (2006) Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, International Studies in Entrepreneurship Series 13, Springer Science, New York.
Baron, R.A. (2007) ‘Entrepreneurship: A process perspective’, in J.R. Baum, M. Frese and R.A. Baron (eds.), The Psychology of Entrepreneurship, pp. 19-39, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
Baum, J.R. (2004) ‘Cognitions and behaviors of successful nascent entrepreneurs: A three-year panel study’, presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 6-11 August 2004, New Orleans, LA.
Baumol, W.J. (2002) The Free-market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Birch, D. (1987) Job Creation in America, Free Press, New York.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989) ‘Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments’, Academy of Management Journal 32(3): 543-76.
Empretec Ghana Fountadiation (2002) ‘Impact Study Report 2000-2002’, Empretec Ghana Foundation.
Harper, M. and Finnegan, G. (1998) Value for Money? Impact of Small Enterprise Development, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.
Kirkpatrick, D.L. (1959) ‘Techniques for evaluating training programs’, Journal of the American Society of Training and Development 13: 3-9.
Martínez, A.C., Levie, J., Kelley, D.J., Saemundsson, R.J. and Schott, T. (2010) ‘A global perspective on entrepreneurship education and training’, GEM Report [website] <http://www.gemconsortium.org= [accessed 12 May 2010]. http://www.gemconsortium.org
Mead, D.C. and Liedholm, C. (1998) ‘The dynamics of micro and small enterprises in developing countries’, World Development 26: 61-74.
Shrout, P.E. and Fleiss, J.L. (1979) ‘Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability’, Psychological Bulletin 86(2): 420-28.
van Stel, A.J. (2006) Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, International Studies in Entrepreneurship Series 13, Springer Science, New York.
Baron, R.A. (2007) ‘Entrepreneurship: A process perspective’, in J.R. Baum, M. Frese and R.A. Baron (eds.), The Psychology of Entrepreneurship, pp. 19-39, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
Baum, J.R. (2004) ‘Cognitions and behaviors of successful nascent entrepreneurs: A three-year panel study’, presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 6-11 August 2004, New Orleans, LA.
Baumol, W.J. (2002) The Free-market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Birch, D. (1987) Job Creation in America, Free Press, New York.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989) ‘Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments’, Academy of Management Journal 32(3): 543-76.
Empretec Ghana Fountadiation (2002) ‘Impact Study Report 2000-2002’, Empretec Ghana Foundation.
Harper, M. and Finnegan, G. (1998) Value for Money? Impact of Small Enterprise Development, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.
Kirkpatrick, D.L. (1959) ‘Techniques for evaluating training programs’, Journal of the American Society of Training and Development 13: 3-9.
Martínez, A.C., Levie, J., Kelley, D.J., Saemundsson, R.J. and Schott, T. (2010) ‘A global perspective on entrepreneurship education and training’, GEM Report [website] <http://www.gemconsortium.org= [accessed 12 May 2010]. http://www.gemconsortium.org
Mead, D.C. and Liedholm, C. (1998) ‘The dynamics of micro and small enterprises in developing countries’, World Development 26: 61-74.
Shrout, P.E. and Fleiss, J.L. (1979) ‘Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability’, Psychological Bulletin 86(2): 420-28.
van Stel, A.J. (2006) Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, International Studies in Entrepreneurship Series 13, Springer Science, New York.
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