Agencies involved in supporting craft-based clusters seem to be captivated either by a value-chain upgrading approach or a sustainable livelihoods approach. This article argues that craft villages in Vietnam consist of three distinct types of producer who need different policy packages: a livelihoods approach for survival producers; a value chain upgrading approach for catalytic growth-oriented producers; and a mixed package for other growthoriented producers. Therefore, instead of using one or the other approach for a specific craft village, policy makers might do well to differentiate their policy packages for distinct types of producer inside particular craft villages. This market segmentation by producer can also be applied by implementing agencies in contexts where government policy is not a factor in programme design.

Albu, M. (2008) Making Markets Work for Poor. Comparing M4P and SLA Frameworks: Complementarities, Divergencies and Synergies. Paper prepared for Employment and Income Division, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, SDC, Berne.

Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory market chain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17(2): 12-22.

Berner, E., Gomez, G. and Knorringa, P. (2008) The Logic of Survival Entrepreneurs and the Moral Economy of the Slum. Paper presented at UNU-WIDER Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Concepts, Measurements, and Impacts, Helsinki, 21-23 August 2008.

Binks, M. and Vale, P. (1994) Entrepreneurship and Economic Change, McGraw Hill, London.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2007) Value Chain in Rattan and Bamboo Craft Village: Case Studies of Tan Uoc and PhuNghia. Accessible upon request.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2008) Gender Relations and the Possibilities for Value Chain Upgrading in Traditional Pottery Villages. Accessible upon request.

Cotter, J. (1996) ‘Distinguishing between poverty alleviation and business growth’, Small Enterprise Development 7(2): 49-52.

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Socialist Republic of Vietnam (MARD) (2004) The Study on Asian Craft Development Plan for Rural Industrialization in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Volume 1 and 2. ALMEC Corporation, International Development Center of Japan, Tokyo.

Kanji, N., MacGregor, J. and Tacoli, C. (2005) Understanding Market-Based Livelihoods in a Globalising World: Combining Approaches and Methods, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, mimeo.

Knorringa, P. (2002) ‘Cluster trajectories and the likelihood of endogenous upgrading’, in M.P. van Dijk and H. Sandee (eds), Innovation and Small Enterprises in the Third World, pp. 48-65, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham.

Konstadakopulos, D. (2006) ‘From public loudspeakers to the internet: The adoption of information and communication technologies by small-enterprise clusters in Vietnam’, Information Technologies and International Development 2(4): 21-39.

Lanjouw, J.O. and Lanjouw, P. (2001) ‘The rural non-farm sector: Issues and evidence from developing countries’, Agricultural Economics 26: 1-23.

Meyer-Stamer, J. (2006) Making market systems work? For the Poor? Small Enterprise Development 17(4): 21-32.

Miehlbrandt, A.O., McVay, M. and Tanburn, J. (2005) From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor, The 2005 Reader, Annual BDS Seminar. Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, Berne. Available at: www.bdsknowledge.org. www.bdsknowledge.org

Saith, A. (2001) ‘From village artisans to industrial clusters: Agendas and policy gaps in Indian rural industrialization’, Journal of Agrarian Change 1(1): 81-123.

Scrase, T.J. (2003) ‘Precarious production: Globalisation and artisan labour in the Third World’, Third World Quarterly 24(3): 449-461.

Voeten, J. (2002) ‘Criteria to define women entrepreneurs who own and manage micro and small enterprises (WMSE)’, Project Working Paper 1 ‘Training for Women in Micro and Small Enterprises, phase 2 (TWMSE2)’ Maastricht School of Management (MSM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Weijland, H. (1999) ‘Microenterprise clusters in rural Indonesia: Industrial seedbed and policy target’, World Development 27(9): 1515-1530.

Albu, M. (2008) Making Markets Work for Poor. Comparing M4P and SLA Frameworks: Complementarities, Divergencies and Synergies. Paper prepared for Employment and Income Division, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, SDC, Berne.

Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory market chain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17(2): 12-22.

Berner, E., Gomez, G. and Knorringa, P. (2008) The Logic of Survival Entrepreneurs and the Moral Economy of the Slum. Paper presented at UNU-WIDER Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Concepts, Measurements, and Impacts, Helsinki, 21-23 August 2008.

Binks, M. and Vale, P. (1994) Entrepreneurship and Economic Change, McGraw Hill, London.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2007) Value Chain in Rattan and Bamboo Craft Village: Case Studies of Tan Uoc and PhuNghia. Accessible upon request.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2008) Gender Relations and the Possibilities for Value Chain Upgrading in Traditional Pottery Villages. Accessible upon request.

Cotter, J. (1996) ‘Distinguishing between poverty alleviation and business growth’, Small Enterprise Development 7(2): 49-52.

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Socialist Republic of Vietnam (MARD) (2004) The Study on Asian Craft Development Plan for Rural Industrialization in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Volume 1 and 2. ALMEC Corporation, International Development Center of Japan, Tokyo.

Kanji, N., MacGregor, J. and Tacoli, C. (2005) Understanding Market-Based Livelihoods in a Globalising World: Combining Approaches and Methods, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, mimeo.

Knorringa, P. (2002) ‘Cluster trajectories and the likelihood of endogenous upgrading’, in M.P. van Dijk and H. Sandee (eds), Innovation and Small Enterprises in the Third World, pp. 48-65, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham.

Konstadakopulos, D. (2006) ‘From public loudspeakers to the internet: The adoption of information and communication technologies by small-enterprise clusters in Vietnam’, Information Technologies and International Development 2(4): 21-39.

Lanjouw, J.O. and Lanjouw, P. (2001) ‘The rural non-farm sector: Issues and evidence from developing countries’, Agricultural Economics 26: 1-23.

Meyer-Stamer, J. (2006) Making market systems work? For the Poor? Small Enterprise Development 17(4): 21-32.

Miehlbrandt, A.O., McVay, M. and Tanburn, J. (2005) From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor, The 2005 Reader, Annual BDS Seminar. Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, Berne. Available at: www.bdsknowledge.org. www.bdsknowledge.org

Saith, A. (2001) ‘From village artisans to industrial clusters: Agendas and policy gaps in Indian rural industrialization’, Journal of Agrarian Change 1(1): 81-123.

Scrase, T.J. (2003) ‘Precarious production: Globalisation and artisan labour in the Third World’, Third World Quarterly 24(3): 449-461.

Voeten, J. (2002) ‘Criteria to define women entrepreneurs who own and manage micro and small enterprises (WMSE)’, Project Working Paper 1 ‘Training for Women in Micro and Small Enterprises, phase 2 (TWMSE2)’ Maastricht School of Management (MSM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Weijland, H. (1999) ‘Microenterprise clusters in rural Indonesia: Industrial seedbed and policy target’, World Development 27(9): 1515-1530.

Albu, M. (2008) Making Markets Work for Poor. Comparing M4P and SLA Frameworks: Complementarities, Divergencies and Synergies. Paper prepared for Employment and Income Division, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, SDC, Berne.

Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory market chain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17(2): 12-22.

Berner, E., Gomez, G. and Knorringa, P. (2008) The Logic of Survival Entrepreneurs and the Moral Economy of the Slum. Paper presented at UNU-WIDER Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Concepts, Measurements, and Impacts, Helsinki, 21-23 August 2008.

Binks, M. and Vale, P. (1994) Entrepreneurship and Economic Change, McGraw Hill, London.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2007) Value Chain in Rattan and Bamboo Craft Village: Case Studies of Tan Uoc and PhuNghia. Accessible upon request.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2008) Gender Relations and the Possibilities for Value Chain Upgrading in Traditional Pottery Villages. Accessible upon request.

Cotter, J. (1996) ‘Distinguishing between poverty alleviation and business growth’, Small Enterprise Development 7(2): 49-52.

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Socialist Republic of Vietnam (MARD) (2004) The Study on Asian Craft Development Plan for Rural Industrialization in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Volume 1 and 2. ALMEC Corporation, International Development Center of Japan, Tokyo.

Kanji, N., MacGregor, J. and Tacoli, C. (2005) Understanding Market-Based Livelihoods in a Globalising World: Combining Approaches and Methods, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, mimeo.

Knorringa, P. (2002) ‘Cluster trajectories and the likelihood of endogenous upgrading’, in M.P. van Dijk and H. Sandee (eds), Innovation and Small Enterprises in the Third World, pp. 48-65, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham.

Konstadakopulos, D. (2006) ‘From public loudspeakers to the internet: The adoption of information and communication technologies by small-enterprise clusters in Vietnam’, Information Technologies and International Development 2(4): 21-39.

Lanjouw, J.O. and Lanjouw, P. (2001) ‘The rural non-farm sector: Issues and evidence from developing countries’, Agricultural Economics 26: 1-23.

Meyer-Stamer, J. (2006) Making market systems work? For the Poor? Small Enterprise Development 17(4): 21-32.

Miehlbrandt, A.O., McVay, M. and Tanburn, J. (2005) From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor, The 2005 Reader, Annual BDS Seminar. Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, Berne. Available at: www.bdsknowledge.org. www.bdsknowledge.org

Saith, A. (2001) ‘From village artisans to industrial clusters: Agendas and policy gaps in Indian rural industrialization’, Journal of Agrarian Change 1(1): 81-123.

Scrase, T.J. (2003) ‘Precarious production: Globalisation and artisan labour in the Third World’, Third World Quarterly 24(3): 449-461.

Voeten, J. (2002) ‘Criteria to define women entrepreneurs who own and manage micro and small enterprises (WMSE)’, Project Working Paper 1 ‘Training for Women in Micro and Small Enterprises, phase 2 (TWMSE2)’ Maastricht School of Management (MSM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Weijland, H. (1999) ‘Microenterprise clusters in rural Indonesia: Industrial seedbed and policy target’, World Development 27(9): 1515-1530.

Albu, M. (2008) Making Markets Work for Poor. Comparing M4P and SLA Frameworks: Complementarities, Divergencies and Synergies. Paper prepared for Employment and Income Division, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, SDC, Berne.

Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) ‘Mapping the market: Participatory market chain development in practice’, Small Enterprise Development 17(2): 12-22.

Berner, E., Gomez, G. and Knorringa, P. (2008) The Logic of Survival Entrepreneurs and the Moral Economy of the Slum. Paper presented at UNU-WIDER Workshop on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Concepts, Measurements, and Impacts, Helsinki, 21-23 August 2008.

Binks, M. and Vale, P. (1994) Entrepreneurship and Economic Change, McGraw Hill, London.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2007) Value Chain in Rattan and Bamboo Craft Village: Case Studies of Tan Uoc and PhuNghia. Accessible upon request.

Centre for Women's Studies, Vietnam Women's Union (2008) Gender Relations and the Possibilities for Value Chain Upgrading in Traditional Pottery Villages. Accessible upon request.

Cotter, J. (1996) ‘Distinguishing between poverty alleviation and business growth’, Small Enterprise Development 7(2): 49-52.

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Socialist Republic of Vietnam (MARD) (2004) The Study on Asian Craft Development Plan for Rural Industrialization in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Volume 1 and 2. ALMEC Corporation, International Development Center of Japan, Tokyo.

Kanji, N., MacGregor, J. and Tacoli, C. (2005) Understanding Market-Based Livelihoods in a Globalising World: Combining Approaches and Methods, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, mimeo.

Knorringa, P. (2002) ‘Cluster trajectories and the likelihood of endogenous upgrading’, in M.P. van Dijk and H. Sandee (eds), Innovation and Small Enterprises in the Third World, pp. 48-65, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham.

Konstadakopulos, D. (2006) ‘From public loudspeakers to the internet: The adoption of information and communication technologies by small-enterprise clusters in Vietnam’, Information Technologies and International Development 2(4): 21-39.

Lanjouw, J.O. and Lanjouw, P. (2001) ‘The rural non-farm sector: Issues and evidence from developing countries’, Agricultural Economics 26: 1-23.

Meyer-Stamer, J. (2006) Making market systems work? For the Poor? Small Enterprise Development 17(4): 21-32.

Miehlbrandt, A.O., McVay, M. and Tanburn, J. (2005) From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor, The 2005 Reader, Annual BDS Seminar. Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, Berne. Available at: www.bdsknowledge.org. www.bdsknowledge.org

Saith, A. (2001) ‘From village artisans to industrial clusters: Agendas and policy gaps in Indian rural industrialization’, Journal of Agrarian Change 1(1): 81-123.

Scrase, T.J. (2003) ‘Precarious production: Globalisation and artisan labour in the Third World’, Third World Quarterly 24(3): 449-461.

Voeten, J. (2002) ‘Criteria to define women entrepreneurs who own and manage micro and small enterprises (WMSE)’, Project Working Paper 1 ‘Training for Women in Micro and Small Enterprises, phase 2 (TWMSE2)’ Maastricht School of Management (MSM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Weijland, H. (1999) ‘Microenterprise clusters in rural Indonesia: Industrial seedbed and policy target’, World Development 27(9): 1515-1530.