This article traces the evolution of enterprise development theory and practice over the past 20 years and suggests what critical challenges this field will face over the next decade. The paper delineates four key stages (sometimes overlapping) in enterprise development - beyond credit, commercial service delivery, systems approaches and developing inclusive systems - and describes the main themes, challenges and learning of each stage. It then moves to a brief analysis of upcoming issues in the enterprise development industry.

Anderson, Gavin (2000) ‘The hidden MSE service sector - research into commercial BDS provision to micro and small enterprises in Vietnam and Thailand’, for the International Labour Organization for the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development International Conference in Hanoi, April 2000.

Agridev Consulting (2005) Local and Regional Food Procurement - An Analytical Review, UN World Food Programme, Addis Ababa.

Bear, M., Bradnum, P., Tladi, S. and Pedro, D. (2004) Making Retail Markets Work for the Poor - Why and How Triple Trust Organisation Decided to Intervene in the Spaza Market in South Africa, Practitioner Learning Program in BDS Market Assessment, Case Study #1, Small Enterprise and Education Promotion Network and USAID, Washington DC.

Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: Useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’ Enterprise Development and Microfinance (19)2: 154-169.

Bekkers, H., Miehlbradt, A., and Roggekamp, P. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: Experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 120 - 136.

Boomgard, J., Davies, S., Haggblade, S. and Mead, D. (1991) A Subsector Approach to Small Enterprise Promotion and Research, GEMINI, Bethseda.

Chen, M. (1996) Beyond Credit: A Subsector Approach to Promoting Women's Enterprises, Aga Khan Foundation, Ottawa.

Crisafulli, D. (2000) ‘Matching grant schemes’ in J. Levitsky (ed) Business Development Services: A Review of International Experience, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.

Dawson, J. (1996) Beyond Credit: The Role of Complementary Business Development Services in Promoting Innovation Among Small Producers, Intermediate Technology, London.

Dawson, J. (2003) ‘Facilitating small producers’ access to high-value markets: lessons from four development projects’, Small Enterprise Development 14(2): 13-25.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (1998) Conference on BDS in Africa - Business Development Services: How Sustainable Can They Really Be? DCED, Harare.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (1999) Conference on BDS Globally, DCED, Rio.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (2000) Conference on BDS in Asia - Business Services for Small Enterprises in Asia: Developing Markets and Measuring Performance, DCED, Hanoi.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (2009) Quantifying Achievements in Private Sector Development - Control Points and Compliance Criteria, DCED, Cambridge.

DFID (2006) Value Chains Work Better for the Poor - A Toolkit for Practitioners, DFID, London, www.markets4poor.org/?name=publication&op=viewDetailNews&id=964 www.markets4poor.org/?name=publication&op=viewDetailNews&id=964

DFID and SDC (2008a) A Synthesis of the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, SDC, Bern.

DFID and SDC (2008b) Perspectives on the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, SDC, Bern.

Emerging Markets Group (2006) Quarter 2 Report for the Period 1 January, 2006- 31 March 2006, USAID Kenya BDS, Washington DC.

Ernst, U. (2003) Potential Engine of Growth? Looking at Microenterprises through the Competitiveness Lens, Development Alternatives, Inc., Bethesda.

Frias, J. and Mukherjee, N. (2005) ‘Harnessing market power for rural sanitation’, Water and Sanitation Program Field Note, Jakarta.

Gamser, M. (1992) ‘Sub-Sector Analysis - a macro-analytical tool for microenterprise support’, Small Enterprise Development 3(1): 43-44.

Ghate, P. (1996) Microenterprise Development: Not By Credit Alone - A Strategy for the ADB Based on Bank and Country Experience, Asian Development Bank, Bangkok.

Gibson, A. (1997) ‘Business development services - core principles and future challenges’, Small Enterprise Development 8(3): 4-14.

Goldmark, L. (1996) Business Development Services: A Framework for Analysis, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC.

Haggblade, S. and Gamser, M. (1991) A Field Manual for Sub-Sector Practitioners, GEMINI, Bethseda.

Hileman, M. and Tanburn, J. (2000) The Wheels of Trade: Developing markets for business services, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.

ILO (International Labour Organization) (2008) Global Employment Trends for Youth, ILO, Geneva www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/global.htm www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/global.htm

Jones, L. (2008) ‘Editorial’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 91-92.

Jones, L. (ed) (2010) Value Chains in Development: Emerging Theories and Practice, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby.

Jones, L. and Quigley, G. (2006) ‘Vouchers revisited - can small enterprises save government programs?’ Small Enterprise Development, 17(4): 43-51.

Jones, L. and Snelgrove, A. (2006) ‘From behind the veil: Industry-level methodologies and the implications for disadvantaged communities, the case of sequestered women in Pakistan’, Small Enterprise Development Journal 17(2): 47-55.

Kapila, S. and Mead, D. (2002) Building Businesses with Small Producers, International Development Research Centre, Ottowa.

Kula, O. (2004) Integrating Micro and Small Scale Enterprises into Productive Markets: A Discussion Paper, USAID, Washington DC.

Kula, O., Downing, J. And Field, M. (2006) ‘Value chain programmes to integrate competitiveness, economic growth and poverty reduction’, Small Enterprise Development 17(2): 23-35.

McVay, M. (1996) Non-Financial Services for Micro-Enterprises: A Situation Assessment, CARE, London.

McVay, M. and Miehlbradt, A. (2000) BDS Seminar Reader: Emerging Good Practices in Business Development Services, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

McVay, M. and Miehlbradt, A. (2001) Background Reader: Business Development Services - Developing commercial markets for BDS: Can this give the scale and impact we need?, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

McVay, M. and Snelgrove, A. (2008) Program Design Toolkit, Information to Action: A Value Chain and Market Development Toolkit Series for Practitioners, L. Jones (ed), MEDA, Waterloo.

Miehlbradt, A. (2007) Developing the Advertising Market for SMEs in Northern Bangladesh, The Katalyst Cases, Case Study Number 3, Katalyst, Dhaka.

Miehlbradt, A. and Chua, R. (1999) Information and Communication Services for Micro and Small Enterprises in the Philippines, USAID, Washington DC.

Miehlbradt, A. and Jones, L. (2008) Market Research Toolkit, Information to Action: A Value Chain and Market Development Toolkit Series for Practitioners, L. Jones (ed), MEDA, Waterloo.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2002) Seminar Reader - Developing commercial markets for Business Development Services: Are ‘how-to-do-it' recipes possible?, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2003) Seminar Reader - Business Development Services: Testing the Guiding Principles, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2004a) Seminar Reader - Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2004b) Seminar Reader - Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Update 2004, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2005) The 2005 Reader - From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2006) The 2006 Reader - Implementing Sustainable Private Sector Development: Striving for Tangible Results for the Poor, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin

Miller, C. and da Silva, C. (2007) ‘Value chain financing in agriculture’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 18(2/3): 95-108.

Miller, C. and Jones, L. (forthcoming) Agriculture Value Chain Finance, FAO, Rome and Practical Action Publishing, Rugby.

Philip, K. (2005) ‘Putting development back at the centre of business development services’ in Harper, M. and Tanburn, J. (eds) Mapping the Shift in Business Development Services, ITDG Publishing, London.

Riddle, Dorothy (2000) ‘What do we know about BDS markets?’ for the Mekong Project Development Facility - IFC for the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development International Conference in Hanoi, April 2000.

Riley, T. and Steel, W. (2000) ‘Kenya voucher programme for training and BDS’, in J. Levitsky (ed) Business Development Services: A Review of International Experience, Intermediate Technology Publications, London. Part VI, Ch. 12, pp. 165-175.

Rinck, D. (2006) Rapid Assistance Program, CRS, Kenya.

Save the Children (1997) Business Development Services - The State of the Practice, based on the conference, ‘Building the Competitive Advantage of Micro and Small Businesses’, Save the Children, London.

Schor, G. and Goldmark, L. (1999) Voucher Programs: Potential, Problems and Prospects, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC.

Sen, B. and Mahajan, V. (1993) ‘A sub-sectoral approach to small business and microenterprise development’, Small Enterprise Development 4(3): 37-46.

Streeten, P. (1991) ‘The judo trick or crowding in’, Small Enterprise Development 2(2): 24-34.

Tanburn, J. (1996) ‘Towards success: impact and sustainability in the FIT Programme’, Small Enterprise Development 7(1): 42-51.

Tanburn, J. (2008) The 2008 Reader on Private Sector Development - Measuring and Reporting Results, International Labour Organization, Geneva.

Thomas, James, (1990) ‘The Triple Trust - a three-fold approach’, Small Enterprise Development 1(1): 41-44.

Tomecko, J. (2003) ‘Case Studies of BDS Market Development Interventions in Weak Markets’, Small Enterprise Development, 14(4): 31-38.

TTO (Triple Trust Organization) (2005) TTO Annual Report 2004/2005, TTO, Cape Town.

USAID (2003) ‘Promoting competitiveness in practice: an assessment of cluster-based approaches’, prepared by the Mitchell Group for USAID, Washington D.C.

USAID (2008) ‘End market research toolkit: upgrading value chain competitiveness with informed choice’, USAID, Washington DC.

Van der Land, H. and P. Uliwa (1997) ‘Applying subsector analysis in Tanzania’ Small Enterprise Development (8)4.

Woller, G. and Downing, J. (2007) Causal Models as a Useful Program Management Tool: Case Study of Profit Zambia. USAID, Washington DC.

World Bank (2001) Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, World Bank Group, Washington DC.

Anderson, Gavin (2000) ‘The hidden MSE service sector - research into commercial BDS provision to micro and small enterprises in Vietnam and Thailand’, for the International Labour Organization for the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development International Conference in Hanoi, April 2000.

Agridev Consulting (2005) Local and Regional Food Procurement - An Analytical Review, UN World Food Programme, Addis Ababa.

Bear, M., Bradnum, P., Tladi, S. and Pedro, D. (2004) Making Retail Markets Work for the Poor - Why and How Triple Trust Organisation Decided to Intervene in the Spaza Market in South Africa, Practitioner Learning Program in BDS Market Assessment, Case Study #1, Small Enterprise and Education Promotion Network and USAID, Washington DC.

Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: Useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’ Enterprise Development and Microfinance (19)2: 154-169.

Bekkers, H., Miehlbradt, A., and Roggekamp, P. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: Experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 120 - 136.

Boomgard, J., Davies, S., Haggblade, S. and Mead, D. (1991) A Subsector Approach to Small Enterprise Promotion and Research, GEMINI, Bethseda.

Chen, M. (1996) Beyond Credit: A Subsector Approach to Promoting Women's Enterprises, Aga Khan Foundation, Ottawa.

Crisafulli, D. (2000) ‘Matching grant schemes’ in J. Levitsky (ed) Business Development Services: A Review of International Experience, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.

Dawson, J. (1996) Beyond Credit: The Role of Complementary Business Development Services in Promoting Innovation Among Small Producers, Intermediate Technology, London.

Dawson, J. (2003) ‘Facilitating small producers’ access to high-value markets: lessons from four development projects’, Small Enterprise Development 14(2): 13-25.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (1998) Conference on BDS in Africa - Business Development Services: How Sustainable Can They Really Be? DCED, Harare.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (1999) Conference on BDS Globally, DCED, Rio.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (2000) Conference on BDS in Asia - Business Services for Small Enterprises in Asia: Developing Markets and Measuring Performance, DCED, Hanoi.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (2009) Quantifying Achievements in Private Sector Development - Control Points and Compliance Criteria, DCED, Cambridge.

DFID (2006) Value Chains Work Better for the Poor - A Toolkit for Practitioners, DFID, London, www.markets4poor.org/?name=publication&op=viewDetailNews&id=964 www.markets4poor.org/?name=publication&op=viewDetailNews&id=964

DFID and SDC (2008a) A Synthesis of the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, SDC, Bern.

DFID and SDC (2008b) Perspectives on the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, SDC, Bern.

Emerging Markets Group (2006) Quarter 2 Report for the Period 1 January, 2006- 31 March 2006, USAID Kenya BDS, Washington DC.

Ernst, U. (2003) Potential Engine of Growth? Looking at Microenterprises through the Competitiveness Lens, Development Alternatives, Inc., Bethesda.

Frias, J. and Mukherjee, N. (2005) ‘Harnessing market power for rural sanitation’, Water and Sanitation Program Field Note, Jakarta.

Gamser, M. (1992) ‘Sub-Sector Analysis - a macro-analytical tool for microenterprise support’, Small Enterprise Development 3(1): 43-44.

Ghate, P. (1996) Microenterprise Development: Not By Credit Alone - A Strategy for the ADB Based on Bank and Country Experience, Asian Development Bank, Bangkok.

Gibson, A. (1997) ‘Business development services - core principles and future challenges’, Small Enterprise Development 8(3): 4-14.

Goldmark, L. (1996) Business Development Services: A Framework for Analysis, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC.

Haggblade, S. and Gamser, M. (1991) A Field Manual for Sub-Sector Practitioners, GEMINI, Bethseda.

Hileman, M. and Tanburn, J. (2000) The Wheels of Trade: Developing markets for business services, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.

ILO (International Labour Organization) (2008) Global Employment Trends for Youth, ILO, Geneva www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/global.htm www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/global.htm

Jones, L. (2008) ‘Editorial’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 91-92.

Jones, L. (ed) (2010) Value Chains in Development: Emerging Theories and Practice, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby.

Jones, L. and Quigley, G. (2006) ‘Vouchers revisited - can small enterprises save government programs?’ Small Enterprise Development, 17(4): 43-51.

Jones, L. and Snelgrove, A. (2006) ‘From behind the veil: Industry-level methodologies and the implications for disadvantaged communities, the case of sequestered women in Pakistan’, Small Enterprise Development Journal 17(2): 47-55.

Kapila, S. and Mead, D. (2002) Building Businesses with Small Producers, International Development Research Centre, Ottowa.

Kula, O. (2004) Integrating Micro and Small Scale Enterprises into Productive Markets: A Discussion Paper, USAID, Washington DC.

Kula, O., Downing, J. And Field, M. (2006) ‘Value chain programmes to integrate competitiveness, economic growth and poverty reduction’, Small Enterprise Development 17(2): 23-35.

McVay, M. (1996) Non-Financial Services for Micro-Enterprises: A Situation Assessment, CARE, London.

McVay, M. and Miehlbradt, A. (2000) BDS Seminar Reader: Emerging Good Practices in Business Development Services, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

McVay, M. and Miehlbradt, A. (2001) Background Reader: Business Development Services - Developing commercial markets for BDS: Can this give the scale and impact we need?, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

McVay, M. and Snelgrove, A. (2008) Program Design Toolkit, Information to Action: A Value Chain and Market Development Toolkit Series for Practitioners, L. Jones (ed), MEDA, Waterloo.

Miehlbradt, A. (2007) Developing the Advertising Market for SMEs in Northern Bangladesh, The Katalyst Cases, Case Study Number 3, Katalyst, Dhaka.

Miehlbradt, A. and Chua, R. (1999) Information and Communication Services for Micro and Small Enterprises in the Philippines, USAID, Washington DC.

Miehlbradt, A. and Jones, L. (2008) Market Research Toolkit, Information to Action: A Value Chain and Market Development Toolkit Series for Practitioners, L. Jones (ed), MEDA, Waterloo.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2002) Seminar Reader - Developing commercial markets for Business Development Services: Are ‘how-to-do-it' recipes possible?, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2003) Seminar Reader - Business Development Services: Testing the Guiding Principles, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2004a) Seminar Reader - Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2004b) Seminar Reader - Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Update 2004, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2005) The 2005 Reader - From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2006) The 2006 Reader - Implementing Sustainable Private Sector Development: Striving for Tangible Results for the Poor, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin

Miller, C. and da Silva, C. (2007) ‘Value chain financing in agriculture’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 18(2/3): 95-108.

Miller, C. and Jones, L. (forthcoming) Agriculture Value Chain Finance, FAO, Rome and Practical Action Publishing, Rugby.

Philip, K. (2005) ‘Putting development back at the centre of business development services’ in Harper, M. and Tanburn, J. (eds) Mapping the Shift in Business Development Services, ITDG Publishing, London.

Riddle, Dorothy (2000) ‘What do we know about BDS markets?’ for the Mekong Project Development Facility - IFC for the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development International Conference in Hanoi, April 2000.

Riley, T. and Steel, W. (2000) ‘Kenya voucher programme for training and BDS’, in J. Levitsky (ed) Business Development Services: A Review of International Experience, Intermediate Technology Publications, London. Part VI, Ch. 12, pp. 165-175.

Rinck, D. (2006) Rapid Assistance Program, CRS, Kenya.

Save the Children (1997) Business Development Services - The State of the Practice, based on the conference, ‘Building the Competitive Advantage of Micro and Small Businesses’, Save the Children, London.

Schor, G. and Goldmark, L. (1999) Voucher Programs: Potential, Problems and Prospects, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC.

Sen, B. and Mahajan, V. (1993) ‘A sub-sectoral approach to small business and microenterprise development’, Small Enterprise Development 4(3): 37-46.

Streeten, P. (1991) ‘The judo trick or crowding in’, Small Enterprise Development 2(2): 24-34.

Tanburn, J. (1996) ‘Towards success: impact and sustainability in the FIT Programme’, Small Enterprise Development 7(1): 42-51.

Tanburn, J. (2008) The 2008 Reader on Private Sector Development - Measuring and Reporting Results, International Labour Organization, Geneva.

Thomas, James, (1990) ‘The Triple Trust - a three-fold approach’, Small Enterprise Development 1(1): 41-44.

Tomecko, J. (2003) ‘Case Studies of BDS Market Development Interventions in Weak Markets’, Small Enterprise Development, 14(4): 31-38.

TTO (Triple Trust Organization) (2005) TTO Annual Report 2004/2005, TTO, Cape Town.

USAID (2003) ‘Promoting competitiveness in practice: an assessment of cluster-based approaches’, prepared by the Mitchell Group for USAID, Washington D.C.

USAID (2008) ‘End market research toolkit: upgrading value chain competitiveness with informed choice’, USAID, Washington DC.

Van der Land, H. and P. Uliwa (1997) ‘Applying subsector analysis in Tanzania’ Small Enterprise Development (8)4.

Woller, G. and Downing, J. (2007) Causal Models as a Useful Program Management Tool: Case Study of Profit Zambia. USAID, Washington DC.

World Bank (2001) Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, World Bank Group, Washington DC.

Anderson, Gavin (2000) ‘The hidden MSE service sector - research into commercial BDS provision to micro and small enterprises in Vietnam and Thailand’, for the International Labour Organization for the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development International Conference in Hanoi, April 2000.

Agridev Consulting (2005) Local and Regional Food Procurement - An Analytical Review, UN World Food Programme, Addis Ababa.

Bear, M., Bradnum, P., Tladi, S. and Pedro, D. (2004) Making Retail Markets Work for the Poor - Why and How Triple Trust Organisation Decided to Intervene in the Spaza Market in South Africa, Practitioner Learning Program in BDS Market Assessment, Case Study #1, Small Enterprise and Education Promotion Network and USAID, Washington DC.

Bear, M. and Field, M. (2008) ‘Managing the process of change: Useful frameworks for implementers of making markets work for the poor programmes’ Enterprise Development and Microfinance (19)2: 154-169.

Bekkers, H., Miehlbradt, A., and Roggekamp, P. (2008) ‘How to assess if markets work better for the poor: Experiences from the Katalyst Project in Bangladesh’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 120 - 136.

Boomgard, J., Davies, S., Haggblade, S. and Mead, D. (1991) A Subsector Approach to Small Enterprise Promotion and Research, GEMINI, Bethseda.

Chen, M. (1996) Beyond Credit: A Subsector Approach to Promoting Women's Enterprises, Aga Khan Foundation, Ottawa.

Crisafulli, D. (2000) ‘Matching grant schemes’ in J. Levitsky (ed) Business Development Services: A Review of International Experience, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.

Dawson, J. (1996) Beyond Credit: The Role of Complementary Business Development Services in Promoting Innovation Among Small Producers, Intermediate Technology, London.

Dawson, J. (2003) ‘Facilitating small producers’ access to high-value markets: lessons from four development projects’, Small Enterprise Development 14(2): 13-25.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (1998) Conference on BDS in Africa - Business Development Services: How Sustainable Can They Really Be? DCED, Harare.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (1999) Conference on BDS Globally, DCED, Rio.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (2000) Conference on BDS in Asia - Business Services for Small Enterprises in Asia: Developing Markets and Measuring Performance, DCED, Hanoi.

DCED (Donor Committee for Enterprise Development) (2009) Quantifying Achievements in Private Sector Development - Control Points and Compliance Criteria, DCED, Cambridge.

DFID (2006) Value Chains Work Better for the Poor - A Toolkit for Practitioners, DFID, London, www.markets4poor.org/?name=publication&op=viewDetailNews&id=964 www.markets4poor.org/?name=publication&op=viewDetailNews&id=964

DFID and SDC (2008a) A Synthesis of the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, SDC, Bern.

DFID and SDC (2008b) Perspectives on the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, SDC, Bern.

Emerging Markets Group (2006) Quarter 2 Report for the Period 1 January, 2006- 31 March 2006, USAID Kenya BDS, Washington DC.

Ernst, U. (2003) Potential Engine of Growth? Looking at Microenterprises through the Competitiveness Lens, Development Alternatives, Inc., Bethesda.

Frias, J. and Mukherjee, N. (2005) ‘Harnessing market power for rural sanitation’, Water and Sanitation Program Field Note, Jakarta.

Gamser, M. (1992) ‘Sub-Sector Analysis - a macro-analytical tool for microenterprise support’, Small Enterprise Development 3(1): 43-44.

Ghate, P. (1996) Microenterprise Development: Not By Credit Alone - A Strategy for the ADB Based on Bank and Country Experience, Asian Development Bank, Bangkok.

Gibson, A. (1997) ‘Business development services - core principles and future challenges’, Small Enterprise Development 8(3): 4-14.

Goldmark, L. (1996) Business Development Services: A Framework for Analysis, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC.

Haggblade, S. and Gamser, M. (1991) A Field Manual for Sub-Sector Practitioners, GEMINI, Bethseda.

Hileman, M. and Tanburn, J. (2000) The Wheels of Trade: Developing markets for business services, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.

ILO (International Labour Organization) (2008) Global Employment Trends for Youth, ILO, Geneva www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/global.htm www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/global.htm

Jones, L. (2008) ‘Editorial’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 19(2): 91-92.

Jones, L. (ed) (2010) Value Chains in Development: Emerging Theories and Practice, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby.

Jones, L. and Quigley, G. (2006) ‘Vouchers revisited - can small enterprises save government programs?’ Small Enterprise Development, 17(4): 43-51.

Jones, L. and Snelgrove, A. (2006) ‘From behind the veil: Industry-level methodologies and the implications for disadvantaged communities, the case of sequestered women in Pakistan’, Small Enterprise Development Journal 17(2): 47-55.

Kapila, S. and Mead, D. (2002) Building Businesses with Small Producers, International Development Research Centre, Ottowa.

Kula, O. (2004) Integrating Micro and Small Scale Enterprises into Productive Markets: A Discussion Paper, USAID, Washington DC.

Kula, O., Downing, J. And Field, M. (2006) ‘Value chain programmes to integrate competitiveness, economic growth and poverty reduction’, Small Enterprise Development 17(2): 23-35.

McVay, M. (1996) Non-Financial Services for Micro-Enterprises: A Situation Assessment, CARE, London.

McVay, M. and Miehlbradt, A. (2000) BDS Seminar Reader: Emerging Good Practices in Business Development Services, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

McVay, M. and Miehlbradt, A. (2001) Background Reader: Business Development Services - Developing commercial markets for BDS: Can this give the scale and impact we need?, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

McVay, M. and Snelgrove, A. (2008) Program Design Toolkit, Information to Action: A Value Chain and Market Development Toolkit Series for Practitioners, L. Jones (ed), MEDA, Waterloo.

Miehlbradt, A. (2007) Developing the Advertising Market for SMEs in Northern Bangladesh, The Katalyst Cases, Case Study Number 3, Katalyst, Dhaka.

Miehlbradt, A. and Chua, R. (1999) Information and Communication Services for Micro and Small Enterprises in the Philippines, USAID, Washington DC.

Miehlbradt, A. and Jones, L. (2008) Market Research Toolkit, Information to Action: A Value Chain and Market Development Toolkit Series for Practitioners, L. Jones (ed), MEDA, Waterloo.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2002) Seminar Reader - Developing commercial markets for Business Development Services: Are ‘how-to-do-it' recipes possible?, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2003) Seminar Reader - Business Development Services: Testing the Guiding Principles, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2004a) Seminar Reader - Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2004b) Seminar Reader - Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Update 2004, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2005) The 2005 Reader - From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin.

Miehlbradt, A. and McVay, M. (2006) The 2006 Reader - Implementing Sustainable Private Sector Development: Striving for Tangible Results for the Poor, International Labour Organization International Training Centre, Turin

Miller, C. and da Silva, C. (2007) ‘Value chain financing in agriculture’, Enterprise Development and Microfinance 18(2/3): 95-108.

Miller, C. and Jones, L. (forthcoming) Agriculture Value Chain Finance, FAO, Rome and Practical Action Publishing, Rugby.

Philip, K. (2005) ‘Putting development back at the centre of business development services’ in Harper, M. and Tanburn, J. (eds) Mapping the Shift in Business Development Services, ITDG Publishing, London.

Riddle, Dorothy (2000) ‘What do we know about BDS markets?’ for the Mekong Project Development Facility - IFC for the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development International Conference in Hanoi, April 2000.

Riley, T. and Steel, W. (2000) ‘Kenya voucher programme for training and BDS’, in J. Levitsky (ed) Business Development Services: A Review of International Experience, Intermediate Technology Publications, London. Part VI, Ch. 12, pp. 165-175.

Rinck, D. (2006) Rapid Assistance Program, CRS, Kenya.

Save the Children (1997) Business Development Services - The State of the Practice, based on the conference, ‘Building the Competitive Advantage of Micro and Small Businesses’, Save the Children, London.

Schor, G. and Goldmark, L. (1999) Voucher Programs: Potential, Problems and Prospects, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC.

Sen, B. and Mahajan, V. (1993) ‘A sub-sectoral approach to small business and microenterprise development’, Small Enterprise Development 4(3): 37-46.

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