The prime objective of this paper is to understand the participation behaviour of rural poor women in Islamic microfinance pursued with an aim to build up successful micro-entrepreneurship. In so doing, the study employs a new theory of boundedly rational planned behaviour (TBRPB) to formulate a research framework. Data (n = 390) were collected from the women borrowers of an Islamic microfinance institute, the Rural Development Scheme (RDS) in Bangladesh, following a simple random sampling procedure. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized to analyse the data through AMOS software. The findings suggest that the attitudes and normative perceptions of the rural women are highly significant in influencing their subjective rational plan towards participation in the institute, which has been effectively helping build up successful micro-entrepreneurship.

Agrawal, G.R. (2012) Entrepreneurship Development in Nepal, Kathmandu: M.K. Publishers and Distributors.

Ahamad, S. (2016) ‘Determinants of microfinance performances in Bangladesh: the case of Rural Development Scheme and Muslim Aid Bangladesh’, International Journal of Business and Technoentrepreneurship 6(3): 499–510.

Ahmed, H. (2002) ‘Financing microenterprises: an analytical study of Islamic microfinance institutions’, Islamic Economic Studies 9(2): 27–64.

Ahmed, H. (2012) ‘Organizational models of Islamic microfinance’, in S.N. Ali (ed.), Shari’a Compliant Microfinance, pp. 17–33, New York: Routledge.

Ahsanullah, A.B.M. (2015) ‘Trade in ancient and medieval Bengal’, The Financial Express, 12 November, p. 5.

Ajzen, I. (1991) ‘The theory of planned behavior’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50: 179–211 <https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T>.

Ashraf, M.A. (2010a) Microfinance and Poverty: Mahathir’s Failed Project in Malaysia, New York: Lambert Academic Publishing.

Ashraf, M.A. (2010b) ‘The effectiveness of microcredit programs and prospects of Islamic microfinance institutes (IMFIs) in Muslim countries: a case study of Bangladesh’, Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance 6(4): 32–45.

Ashraf, M.A. (2014) ‘Willingness behavior of the rural poor to participate in MFIs: evidence from Bangladesh’, European Journal of Business and Management 6(23): 103–14.

Ashraf, M.A. (2015) Explaining the Factors that Affect Nonparticipation in Microfinance-Institutes Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) among the Rural Poor in Bangladesh, PhD dissertation, UUM, Kedah, Malaysia.

Ashraf, M.A. (2016) Microfinance or Debt Trap: Case for Yunus’ Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Ratul Prokashoni.

Ashraf, M.A. (2017) The Theory of Bounded Rational Behavior: A New Model, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.

Ashraf, M.A. and Noor, Saad, I. (2011) ‘Welcome to the talent economy: reviewing through a case of agro-enterprises in Bangladesh’, Journal of Metropolitan University 1(1): 23–35.

Bandura, A. (1997) ‘Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change’, Psychological Review 84: 191–215.

Banihani, S. (2012) Poverty Reduction: Scaling Up Local Innovations for Transformational Change, Program for Development Policy, New York: United Nations Development Programme.

Baumol, W.J. (1996) ‘Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive and destructive’, Journal of Business Venturing 11(1): 3–22.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2000) ‘Acceptance of e-commerce services: the case of electronic brokerages’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part A: Systems and Humans 30(4): 411–41 <https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.852435>.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2002) ‘Individual trust in online firms: scale development and initial trust’, Journal of Management Information Systems 19(1): 211–41 <https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045715>.

Blaszczyk, R. (2002) Women in Business: A Historical Perspective, Boston, MA: Smithsonian Institution, Boston University.

Cameron, D. (2013) ‘World Islamic Economic Forum: Prime Minister’s Speech’ [online], London <https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/world-islamic-economic-forum-prime-ministers-speech> [accessed 2 July 2018].

Debnath, R.M. (2011) Banks and Legal Environment, Dhaka: Nabajuga Prokashoni.

De Vellis, R.F. (2003) Scale Development: Theory and Applications, 2nd edn, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Emerson, M.F. (2010) Become Your Own Boss in 12 Months, Avon, MA: Adams Business.

Evans, T.G., Adams, A.M., Mohammed, R. and Norris, A.H. (1999) ‘Demystifying nonparticipation in microcredit: a population-based analysis’, World Development 27(2): 421–4.

Ferdousi, F. (2015) ‘Impact of microfinance on sustainable entrepreneurship development’, Development Studies Research 2(1): 51–63 <https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2015.1058718>.

Fields, G.S. (2012) Work Hard, Working Poor: A Global Journey, New York: Oxford University Press.

Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intentions and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Fleming, P. (2017) The Death of Homo Economicus: Work, Debt and the Myth of Endless Accumulation, London: Pluto Press.

George, J.F. (2002) ‘Influences on the intent to make Internet purchases’, Internet Research 12(2): 165–80 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240210422521>.

Gino, F. (2017) ‘The rise of behavioral economics and its influence on organizations’, Harvard Business Review, October 2017.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2005) Report on High Expectation Entrepreneurship, <www.gemconsortium.org./report/47110> [accessed 2 July 2018].

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. and Tatham, R.L. (2006) Multivariate Data Analysis, 6 edn, New York: Prentice Hall.

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. and Tatham, R.L. (2010) Multivariate Analysis: A Global Perspective, New York: Prentice Hall.

Hasan, R. and Jandoc, K.R.L. (2008) The Quality of Jobs in the Philippines: Comparing Self-Employment with Wage Employment, Discussion Paper No. 0811, School of Economics, Quezon City: University of the Philippines.

Hashemi, S. and Rosenberg, R. (2006) Graduating the Poorest into Microfinance: Linking Safety Nets and Financial Services, Focus Note No. 24, Washington, DC: CGAP.

Hoggarth, D. (2016) ‘The rise of Islamic finance: post-colonial market-building in Central Asia and Russia’, International Affairs 92(1): 115–36 <https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12508>.

Hossain, M. (1984) Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Research Report 65, Washington, DC: IFPRI/BIDS.

Hossain, M.S. (2015) ‘Women empowerment in Bangladesh through microfinance’, European Journal of Business and Management 7(17): 167–76.

Hulme, D. (2000) ‘Is microcredit good for poor people? A note on the dark side of microfinance’, Small Enterprise Development 11(1): 26–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.2000.006>.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Todd, P.A. (1997a) ‘Is there a future for retailing on the Internet?’ in R.A. Peterson (ed.), Electronic Marketing and the Consumer, pp. 139–54, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Todd, P.A. (1997b) ‘Consumer reactions to electronic shopping on the World Wide Web’, International Journal of Electronic Commerce 1(2): 59–88.

Kahneman, D. (2012) Thinking Fast and Slow, New York: Penguin.

Kaister, L.A. (2011) Inequality: A Contemporary Approach to Race, Class and Gender, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Khalifa, M. and Limayem, M. (2003) ‘Drivers of Internet shopping’, Communications of the ACM 46(12): 233–9 <https://doi.org/10.1145/953460.953505>.

Limayem, M., Khalifa, M. and Frini, A. (2000) ‘What makes consumers buy from Internet? A longitudinal study of online shopping’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part A: Systems and Humans 30(4): 421–32 <https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.852436>.

Mawa, B. (2008) ‘Impact of microfinance: towards achieving poverty alleviation?’ Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences 5(9): 876–82.

McCallum, R.C. and Austin, J.T. (2000) ‘Application of structural equation modelling in psychological research’, Annual Review of Psychology 51: 201–26 <https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.201>.

Pavlou, P.A. (2002) ‘What drives electronic commerce? A theory of planned behavior perspective’, Academy of Management Proceedings 2002: A1–A6.

Rahman, A. (1999) Women and Microcredit in Rural Bangladesh: Anthropological Study of the Rhetoric and Realities of Grameen Bank lending, Oxford: Westview Press.

Rahman, A. (2012) ‘The role of Islamic microfinance as a tool of poverty alleviation’, The Financial Express, 22 March, p. 11.

Rahman, M. (2017) ‘The SME sector has the highest opportunity to create employment’, The Independent, 19 March, p. 8.

Rakhal, D. (2015) ‘Entrepreneurship, microfinance and social relation: an empirical analysis of women’s perceptions’, Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 9(1): 116–25 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v9i1.14601>.

Rutherford, S. (2003) ‘Raising the curtain on the “microfinancial service era”’, in M. Harper (ed.), Microfinance: Evolution, Achievements and Challenges, London: ITDG Publishing.

Saad, M.N. and Duasa, J. (2010) ‘Determinants of economic performance of micro-credit clients and prospect of Islamic microfinance in Malaysia’, ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 2(1): 113–30.

Schumpeter, J. (1934) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper and Row.

Simon, H.A. (1986) ‘Rationality in psychology and economics’, Journal of Business 59: S209–S224.

Singh, A. and Gachui, C.W. (2018) ‘Enhancing access to finance for women entrepreneurs: what should financial institution do?’ in H. Schutzceichel (ed.), Off-Grid-Industry Yearbook 2018, pp. 170–2, Germany: Sun-Connect News.

Sofi, F.J. (2012) ‘Financing microenterprises: creating a potential value-based hybrid model for Islamic microfinance’, International Journal of Management and Business Research 2(2): 108–22.

Song, J. and Zahedi, F. (2001) ‘Web design in e-commerce: a theory and empirical analysis’, Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Information Systems, pp. 205–20.

Suh, B. and Han, I. (2003) ‘The impact of customer trust and perception of security control on the acceptance of electronic commerce’, International Journal of Electronic Commerce 7(3): 135–61 <https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2003.11044270>.

Tan, M. and Teo, T.S.H. (2000) ‘Factors influencing the adoption of Internet banking’, Journal of the Association for Information Systems 1(5): 1–42.

Thaler, R. (2008) ‘Mental accounting and consumer choice’, Marketing Science 27(1): 15–25 <https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1070.0330>.

Thaler, R. (2017) Guide to Misbehaving, New York: Eureka.

Vogelstein, R. (2018) ‘Let women work: the economic case for feminism’, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2018.

Yunus, M. (2008) Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle against World Poverty, New York: Public Affairs.

Yunus, M. (2017) A World of Three Zeros, New York: Public Affairs.

Agrawal, G.R. (2012) Entrepreneurship Development in Nepal, Kathmandu: M.K. Publishers and Distributors.

Ahamad, S. (2016) ‘Determinants of microfinance performances in Bangladesh: the case of Rural Development Scheme and Muslim Aid Bangladesh’, International Journal of Business and Technoentrepreneurship 6(3): 499–510.

Ahmed, H. (2002) ‘Financing microenterprises: an analytical study of Islamic microfinance institutions’, Islamic Economic Studies 9(2): 27–64.

Ahmed, H. (2012) ‘Organizational models of Islamic microfinance’, in S.N. Ali (ed.), Shari’a Compliant Microfinance, pp. 17–33, New York: Routledge.

Ahsanullah, A.B.M. (2015) ‘Trade in ancient and medieval Bengal’, The Financial Express, 12 November, p. 5.

Ajzen, I. (1991) ‘The theory of planned behavior’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50: 179–211 <https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T>.

Ashraf, M.A. (2010a) Microfinance and Poverty: Mahathir’s Failed Project in Malaysia, New York: Lambert Academic Publishing.

Ashraf, M.A. (2010b) ‘The effectiveness of microcredit programs and prospects of Islamic microfinance institutes (IMFIs) in Muslim countries: a case study of Bangladesh’, Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance 6(4): 32–45.

Ashraf, M.A. (2014) ‘Willingness behavior of the rural poor to participate in MFIs: evidence from Bangladesh’, European Journal of Business and Management 6(23): 103–14.

Ashraf, M.A. (2015) Explaining the Factors that Affect Nonparticipation in Microfinance-Institutes Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) among the Rural Poor in Bangladesh, PhD dissertation, UUM, Kedah, Malaysia.

Ashraf, M.A. (2016) Microfinance or Debt Trap: Case for Yunus’ Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Ratul Prokashoni.

Ashraf, M.A. (2017) The Theory of Bounded Rational Behavior: A New Model, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.

Ashraf, M.A. and Noor, Saad, I. (2011) ‘Welcome to the talent economy: reviewing through a case of agro-enterprises in Bangladesh’, Journal of Metropolitan University 1(1): 23–35.

Bandura, A. (1997) ‘Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change’, Psychological Review 84: 191–215.

Banihani, S. (2012) Poverty Reduction: Scaling Up Local Innovations for Transformational Change, Program for Development Policy, New York: United Nations Development Programme.

Baumol, W.J. (1996) ‘Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive and destructive’, Journal of Business Venturing 11(1): 3–22.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2000) ‘Acceptance of e-commerce services: the case of electronic brokerages’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part A: Systems and Humans 30(4): 411–41 <https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.852435>.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2002) ‘Individual trust in online firms: scale development and initial trust’, Journal of Management Information Systems 19(1): 211–41 <https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045715>.

Blaszczyk, R. (2002) Women in Business: A Historical Perspective, Boston, MA: Smithsonian Institution, Boston University.

Cameron, D. (2013) ‘World Islamic Economic Forum: Prime Minister’s Speech’ [online], London <https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/world-islamic-economic-forum-prime-ministers-speech> [accessed 2 July 2018].

Debnath, R.M. (2011) Banks and Legal Environment, Dhaka: Nabajuga Prokashoni.

De Vellis, R.F. (2003) Scale Development: Theory and Applications, 2nd edn, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Emerson, M.F. (2010) Become Your Own Boss in 12 Months, Avon, MA: Adams Business.

Evans, T.G., Adams, A.M., Mohammed, R. and Norris, A.H. (1999) ‘Demystifying nonparticipation in microcredit: a population-based analysis’, World Development 27(2): 421–4.

Ferdousi, F. (2015) ‘Impact of microfinance on sustainable entrepreneurship development’, Development Studies Research 2(1): 51–63 <https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2015.1058718>.

Fields, G.S. (2012) Work Hard, Working Poor: A Global Journey, New York: Oxford University Press.

Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intentions and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Fleming, P. (2017) The Death of Homo Economicus: Work, Debt and the Myth of Endless Accumulation, London: Pluto Press.

George, J.F. (2002) ‘Influences on the intent to make Internet purchases’, Internet Research 12(2): 165–80 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240210422521>.

Gino, F. (2017) ‘The rise of behavioral economics and its influence on organizations’, Harvard Business Review, October 2017.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2005) Report on High Expectation Entrepreneurship, <www.gemconsortium.org./report/47110> [accessed 2 July 2018].

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. and Tatham, R.L. (2006) Multivariate Data Analysis, 6 edn, New York: Prentice Hall.

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. and Tatham, R.L. (2010) Multivariate Analysis: A Global Perspective, New York: Prentice Hall.

Hasan, R. and Jandoc, K.R.L. (2008) The Quality of Jobs in the Philippines: Comparing Self-Employment with Wage Employment, Discussion Paper No. 0811, School of Economics, Quezon City: University of the Philippines.

Hashemi, S. and Rosenberg, R. (2006) Graduating the Poorest into Microfinance: Linking Safety Nets and Financial Services, Focus Note No. 24, Washington, DC: CGAP.

Hoggarth, D. (2016) ‘The rise of Islamic finance: post-colonial market-building in Central Asia and Russia’, International Affairs 92(1): 115–36 <https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12508>.

Hossain, M. (1984) Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Research Report 65, Washington, DC: IFPRI/BIDS.

Hossain, M.S. (2015) ‘Women empowerment in Bangladesh through microfinance’, European Journal of Business and Management 7(17): 167–76.

Hulme, D. (2000) ‘Is microcredit good for poor people? A note on the dark side of microfinance’, Small Enterprise Development 11(1): 26–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.2000.006>.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Todd, P.A. (1997a) ‘Is there a future for retailing on the Internet?’ in R.A. Peterson (ed.), Electronic Marketing and the Consumer, pp. 139–54, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Todd, P.A. (1997b) ‘Consumer reactions to electronic shopping on the World Wide Web’, International Journal of Electronic Commerce 1(2): 59–88.

Kahneman, D. (2012) Thinking Fast and Slow, New York: Penguin.

Kaister, L.A. (2011) Inequality: A Contemporary Approach to Race, Class and Gender, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Khalifa, M. and Limayem, M. (2003) ‘Drivers of Internet shopping’, Communications of the ACM 46(12): 233–9 <https://doi.org/10.1145/953460.953505>.

Limayem, M., Khalifa, M. and Frini, A. (2000) ‘What makes consumers buy from Internet? A longitudinal study of online shopping’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part A: Systems and Humans 30(4): 421–32 <https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.852436>.

Mawa, B. (2008) ‘Impact of microfinance: towards achieving poverty alleviation?’ Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences 5(9): 876–82.

McCallum, R.C. and Austin, J.T. (2000) ‘Application of structural equation modelling in psychological research’, Annual Review of Psychology 51: 201–26 <https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.201>.

Pavlou, P.A. (2002) ‘What drives electronic commerce? A theory of planned behavior perspective’, Academy of Management Proceedings 2002: A1–A6.

Rahman, A. (1999) Women and Microcredit in Rural Bangladesh: Anthropological Study of the Rhetoric and Realities of Grameen Bank lending, Oxford: Westview Press.

Rahman, A. (2012) ‘The role of Islamic microfinance as a tool of poverty alleviation’, The Financial Express, 22 March, p. 11.

Rahman, M. (2017) ‘The SME sector has the highest opportunity to create employment’, The Independent, 19 March, p. 8.

Rakhal, D. (2015) ‘Entrepreneurship, microfinance and social relation: an empirical analysis of women’s perceptions’, Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 9(1): 116–25 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v9i1.14601>.

Rutherford, S. (2003) ‘Raising the curtain on the “microfinancial service era”’, in M. Harper (ed.), Microfinance: Evolution, Achievements and Challenges, London: ITDG Publishing.

Saad, M.N. and Duasa, J. (2010) ‘Determinants of economic performance of micro-credit clients and prospect of Islamic microfinance in Malaysia’, ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 2(1): 113–30.

Schumpeter, J. (1934) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper and Row.

Simon, H.A. (1986) ‘Rationality in psychology and economics’, Journal of Business 59: S209–S224.

Singh, A. and Gachui, C.W. (2018) ‘Enhancing access to finance for women entrepreneurs: what should financial institution do?’ in H. Schutzceichel (ed.), Off-Grid-Industry Yearbook 2018, pp. 170–2, Germany: Sun-Connect News.

Sofi, F.J. (2012) ‘Financing microenterprises: creating a potential value-based hybrid model for Islamic microfinance’, International Journal of Management and Business Research 2(2): 108–22.

Song, J. and Zahedi, F. (2001) ‘Web design in e-commerce: a theory and empirical analysis’, Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Information Systems, pp. 205–20.

Suh, B. and Han, I. (2003) ‘The impact of customer trust and perception of security control on the acceptance of electronic commerce’, International Journal of Electronic Commerce 7(3): 135–61 <https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2003.11044270>.

Tan, M. and Teo, T.S.H. (2000) ‘Factors influencing the adoption of Internet banking’, Journal of the Association for Information Systems 1(5): 1–42.

Thaler, R. (2008) ‘Mental accounting and consumer choice’, Marketing Science 27(1): 15–25 <https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1070.0330>.

Thaler, R. (2017) Guide to Misbehaving, New York: Eureka.

Vogelstein, R. (2018) ‘Let women work: the economic case for feminism’, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2018.

Yunus, M. (2008) Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle against World Poverty, New York: Public Affairs.

Yunus, M. (2017) A World of Three Zeros, New York: Public Affairs.

Agrawal, G.R. (2012) Entrepreneurship Development in Nepal, Kathmandu: M.K. Publishers and Distributors.

Ahamad, S. (2016) ‘Determinants of microfinance performances in Bangladesh: the case of Rural Development Scheme and Muslim Aid Bangladesh’, International Journal of Business and Technoentrepreneurship 6(3): 499–510.

Ahmed, H. (2002) ‘Financing microenterprises: an analytical study of Islamic microfinance institutions’, Islamic Economic Studies 9(2): 27–64.

Ahmed, H. (2012) ‘Organizational models of Islamic microfinance’, in S.N. Ali (ed.), Shari’a Compliant Microfinance, pp. 17–33, New York: Routledge.

Ahsanullah, A.B.M. (2015) ‘Trade in ancient and medieval Bengal’, The Financial Express, 12 November, p. 5.

Ajzen, I. (1991) ‘The theory of planned behavior’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50: 179–211 <https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T>.

Ashraf, M.A. (2010a) Microfinance and Poverty: Mahathir’s Failed Project in Malaysia, New York: Lambert Academic Publishing.

Ashraf, M.A. (2010b) ‘The effectiveness of microcredit programs and prospects of Islamic microfinance institutes (IMFIs) in Muslim countries: a case study of Bangladesh’, Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance 6(4): 32–45.

Ashraf, M.A. (2014) ‘Willingness behavior of the rural poor to participate in MFIs: evidence from Bangladesh’, European Journal of Business and Management 6(23): 103–14.

Ashraf, M.A. (2015) Explaining the Factors that Affect Nonparticipation in Microfinance-Institutes Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) among the Rural Poor in Bangladesh, PhD dissertation, UUM, Kedah, Malaysia.

Ashraf, M.A. (2016) Microfinance or Debt Trap: Case for Yunus’ Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Ratul Prokashoni.

Ashraf, M.A. (2017) The Theory of Bounded Rational Behavior: A New Model, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.

Ashraf, M.A. and Noor, Saad, I. (2011) ‘Welcome to the talent economy: reviewing through a case of agro-enterprises in Bangladesh’, Journal of Metropolitan University 1(1): 23–35.

Bandura, A. (1997) ‘Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change’, Psychological Review 84: 191–215.

Banihani, S. (2012) Poverty Reduction: Scaling Up Local Innovations for Transformational Change, Program for Development Policy, New York: United Nations Development Programme.

Baumol, W.J. (1996) ‘Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive and destructive’, Journal of Business Venturing 11(1): 3–22.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2000) ‘Acceptance of e-commerce services: the case of electronic brokerages’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part A: Systems and Humans 30(4): 411–41 <https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.852435>.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2002) ‘Individual trust in online firms: scale development and initial trust’, Journal of Management Information Systems 19(1): 211–41 <https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045715>.

Blaszczyk, R. (2002) Women in Business: A Historical Perspective, Boston, MA: Smithsonian Institution, Boston University.

Cameron, D. (2013) ‘World Islamic Economic Forum: Prime Minister’s Speech’ [online], London <https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/world-islamic-economic-forum-prime-ministers-speech> [accessed 2 July 2018].

Debnath, R.M. (2011) Banks and Legal Environment, Dhaka: Nabajuga Prokashoni.

De Vellis, R.F. (2003) Scale Development: Theory and Applications, 2nd edn, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Emerson, M.F. (2010) Become Your Own Boss in 12 Months, Avon, MA: Adams Business.

Evans, T.G., Adams, A.M., Mohammed, R. and Norris, A.H. (1999) ‘Demystifying nonparticipation in microcredit: a population-based analysis’, World Development 27(2): 421–4.

Ferdousi, F. (2015) ‘Impact of microfinance on sustainable entrepreneurship development’, Development Studies Research 2(1): 51–63 <https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2015.1058718>.

Fields, G.S. (2012) Work Hard, Working Poor: A Global Journey, New York: Oxford University Press.

Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intentions and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Fleming, P. (2017) The Death of Homo Economicus: Work, Debt and the Myth of Endless Accumulation, London: Pluto Press.

George, J.F. (2002) ‘Influences on the intent to make Internet purchases’, Internet Research 12(2): 165–80 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240210422521>.

Gino, F. (2017) ‘The rise of behavioral economics and its influence on organizations’, Harvard Business Review, October 2017.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2005) Report on High Expectation Entrepreneurship, <www.gemconsortium.org./report/47110> [accessed 2 July 2018].

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. and Tatham, R.L. (2006) Multivariate Data Analysis, 6 edn, New York: Prentice Hall.

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. and Tatham, R.L. (2010) Multivariate Analysis: A Global Perspective, New York: Prentice Hall.

Hasan, R. and Jandoc, K.R.L. (2008) The Quality of Jobs in the Philippines: Comparing Self-Employment with Wage Employment, Discussion Paper No. 0811, School of Economics, Quezon City: University of the Philippines.

Hashemi, S. and Rosenberg, R. (2006) Graduating the Poorest into Microfinance: Linking Safety Nets and Financial Services, Focus Note No. 24, Washington, DC: CGAP.

Hoggarth, D. (2016) ‘The rise of Islamic finance: post-colonial market-building in Central Asia and Russia’, International Affairs 92(1): 115–36 <https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12508>.

Hossain, M. (1984) Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Research Report 65, Washington, DC: IFPRI/BIDS.

Hossain, M.S. (2015) ‘Women empowerment in Bangladesh through microfinance’, European Journal of Business and Management 7(17): 167–76.

Hulme, D. (2000) ‘Is microcredit good for poor people? A note on the dark side of microfinance’, Small Enterprise Development 11(1): 26–8 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.2000.006>.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Todd, P.A. (1997a) ‘Is there a future for retailing on the Internet?’ in R.A. Peterson (ed.), Electronic Marketing and the Consumer, pp. 139–54, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Jarvenpaa, S.L. and Todd, P.A. (1997b) ‘Consumer reactions to electronic shopping on the World Wide Web’, International Journal of Electronic Commerce 1(2): 59–88.

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