What is cocoa sustainability? Mapping stakeholders’ socio-economic, environmental, and commercial constellations of priorities
Barrientos, S. (2002) ‘Mapping codes through the value chain: from researcher to detective’, in R. Jenkins, R. Pearson and G. Seyfang (eds), Corporate Responsibility and Labour Rights. Codes of Conduct in the Global Economy, pp. 61–76, London: Earthscan.
Barrientos, S. (2014) ‘Gendered global production networks: analysis of cocoa–chocolate sourcing’, Regional Studies 48(5): 791–803 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.878799>.
Barrientos, S. and Asenso-Okyere, K. (2009) ‘Cocoa value chain: challenges facing Ghana in a changing global confectionery market’, Journal für Entwicklungspolitik XXV 2-2009: 88–107.
Bitzer, V., Glasbergen, P. and Leroy, P. (2012) ‘Partnerships of a feather flock together? An analysis of the emergence of networks of partnerships in the global cocoa sector’, Global Networks 12(3): 355–74.
Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M. and Robson, K. (2001) Focus Groups in Social Research, London: Sage.
Bolwig, S., Ponte, S., du Toit, A., Riisgaard, L. and Halberg, N. (2010) ‘Integrating poverty and environmental concerns into value-chain analysis: a conceptual framework’, Development Policy Review 28(2): 173–94 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2010.00480.x>.
Candy Industry (2010) ‘What now, Candy World?’ [online] <www.candyindustry.com/articles/83756-what-now-candy-world> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Candy Industry (2017) ‘2017 Global Top 100: Part 1 | Candy Industry’ [online] <www.candyindustry.com/2017-Global-Top-100-Part-1> [accessed 5 February 2017].
Cidell, J.L. and Alberts, H.C. (2006) ‘Constructing quality: the multinational histories of chocolate’, Geoforum 37: 999–1007 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.02.006>.
Doherty, B., Davies, I.A. and Tranchell, S. (2013) ‘Where now for fair trade?’ Business History 55(2): 161–89 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2012.692083>.
Fairtrade Foundation (2011) Fairtrade and Cocoa: Commodity Briefing [pdf] <https://www.fairtrade.net/fileadmin/user_upload/content/2009/resources/2011_Fairtrade_and_cocoa_briefing.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Fold, N. (2000) ‘A matter of good taste? Quality and the construction of standards for chocolate products in the European Union’, Cahiers d’économie et sociologie rurales 55–56: 91–110.
Fountain, A.C. and Hütz-Adams, F. (2015) Cocoa Barometer 2015 [pdf] <www.cocoabarometer.org/Download_files/Cocoa%20Barometer%202015%20Print%20Friendly%20Version.pdf> [accessed 3 October 2015].
Franzen, M. and Borgerhoff Mulder, M. (2007) ‘Ecological, economic and social perspectives on cocoa production worldwide’, Biodiversity Conservation 16: 3835–49 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9183-5>.
Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Research) (2007) Uso de especies maderables tropicales latifoliadas como sombre del cacao (Use of tropical broad-leaf timber species as shade trees for cocoa), Hoja técnica, Mayo 2007, La Lima, Cortés, Honduras: FHIA.
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J. and Sturgeon, T. (2005) ‘The governance of global value chains’, Review of International Political Economy 12(1): 78–104 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805>.
Glin, L.C., Oosterveer, P. and Mol, A.P.J. (2015) ‘Governing the organic cocoa network from Ghana: towards hybrid governance arrangements?’ Journal of Agrarian Change 15(1): 43–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12059>.
Green, M. and Hulme, D. (2005) ‘From correlates and characteristics to causes: thinking about poverty from a chronic poverty perspective’, World Development 33(6): 867–79 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.013>.
Haggar, J. (2013) Supporting Ecosystem Services in Fairtrade Value Chains [pdf], NRI Working Paper Series, London: Twin Trading; Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute <www.nri.org/images/Programmes/climate_change/publications/Jeremy_Haggar_Report_Print_web.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Hainmueller, J., Hiscox, M.J. and Tampe, M. (2011) Sustainable Development for Cocoa Farmers in Ghana. Baseline Survey: Preliminary Report [pdf], Cambridge, MA: MIT and Harvard University <www.cocoaconnect.org/sites/default/files/publication/Hainmueller%20et%20al%20%282011%29%20baseline%20survey%2C%20preliminary%20report.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Henderson, J., Dicken, P., Hess, M., Coe, N.M. and Yeung, H.W.-c. (2002) ‘Global production networks and the analysis of economic development’, Review of International Political Economy 9(3): 436–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290210150842>.
Hess, M. and Yeung, H.W.-c. (2006) ‘Whither global production networks in economic geography? Past, present and future’, Environment and Planning A 38(7): 1193–204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38463>.
Hickey, S. and Bracking, S. (2005) ‘Exploring the politics of chronic poverty: from representation to a politics of justice?’ World Development 33(6): 851–65 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.012>.
Hoffmann, U. and Grothaus, F. (2015) Assuring Coherence between the Market-Access and Livelihood Impact of Private Sustainability Standards [pdf], UNFSS Discussion Paper 6 <https://unfss.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/unfss-discussion-paper-6-final-28may-2015.pdf> [accessed 11 January 2017].
Hughes, A. (2001) ‘Global commodity networks, ethical trade and governmentality: organizing business responsibility in the Kenyan cut flower industry’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 26(4): 390–406 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5661.00031>.
Hütz-Adams, F. and Fountain, A.C. (2012) Cocoa Barometer 2012 [pdf] <www.suedwind-institut.de/fileadmin/fuerSuedwind/Publikationen/2012/2012-44_Cocoa_Barometer_2012_Druckfreundlich.pdf> [accessed 23 January 2013].
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2012a) Monthly Review of the Cocoa Market Situation: May 2012 [pdf] <www.icco.org/about-us/international-cocoa-agreements/doc_download/253-may-2012.html> [accessed 11 July 2012].
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2012b) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics XXXVIII, No. 4; cocoa year 2011/12, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2014) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XL, No. 3; cocoa year 2013/14, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2015a) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLI No. 1; cocoa year 2014/15, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2015b) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLI No. 3; cocoa year 2014/15, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2016a) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLII, No. 1; cocoa year 2015/16, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2016b) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLII No. 3; cocoa year 2015/16, London: ICCO.
Iller Chocolate (2012) Nachhaltigkeitsbericht [Sustainability Report; HTML] [accessed 01 October 2013].
Iller Chocolate (2013) Klimaneutralität [Climate neutrality; HTML] [accessed 01 October 2013].
Jorgensen, D.L. (1989) Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies, Applied Social Research Methods Series 15, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Kaplinsky, R. and Morris, M. (2000) A Handbook for Value Chain Research, Brighton, UK: Institute for Development Studies, University of Sussex.
KPMG (2013) Improving Smallholder Livelihoods: Effectiveness of Certification in Coffee, Cocoa and Cotton [pdf] <http://www.sustaineo.org/tl_files/Sustaineo/Improving%20smallholder%20livelihoods%20-%20Effectiveness%20of%20certification%20in%20coffee,cocoa%20and%20cotton_study%20commissioned%20by%20SUSTAINEO.pdf> [accessed 22 May 2015].
Krauss, J.E. (2016) Cocoa Sustainability Initiatives and the Environment: Mapping Stakeholder Priorities and Representations, Doctoral thesis, University of Manchester.
Läderach, P., Eitzinger, A., Martínez, A. and Castro, N. (2011) Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on the Cocoa-Growing Regions in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire [pdf], Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) <www.eenews.net/assets/2011/10/03/document_cw_01.pdf> [accessed 23 March 2013].
Laws, S., with Harper, C. and Marcus, R. (2003) Research for Development: A Practical Guide, London: Sage.
Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View, 2nd edition, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mason, C, and Doherty, B. (2015) ‘A fair trade-off? Paradoxes in the governance of fair-trade social enterprises’, Journal of Business Ethics 136(3): 451–69 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2511-2>.
Mikkelsen, B. (2005) Methods for Development Work and Research: A New Guide for Practitioners, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Morgan, D.L. (1997) Focus Groups as Qualitative Research, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Nelson, V. (2014) ‘Guest editorial: fairtrade impacts’, Food Chain 4(1): 3–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/2046-1887.2014.001>.
Nieburg, O. (2012) ‘Hershey stuns critics with commitment to source 100% certified cocoa by 2020’ [online], Confectionery News <www.confectionerynews.com/Commodities/Hershey-stuns-critics-with-commitment-to-source-100-certified-cocoa-by-2020> [accessed 14 April 2013].
Ofori-Boateng, K. and Insah, B. (2014) ‘The impact of climate change on cocoa production in West Africa’, International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 6(3): 296–314 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2013-0007>.
O’Laughlin, B. (2007) ‘Interpreting institutional discourses’, in A. Thomas and G. Mohan (eds), Research Skills for Policy and Development: How to Find Out Fast, pp. 135–56, London: The Open University.
Pay, E. (2009) The Market for Organic and Fair-Trade Cocoa [pdf], Rome: FAO <www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/organicexports/docs/Market_Organic_FT_Cocoa.pdf> [accessed 06 August 2012].
Peters-Stanley, M. and Hamilton, K. (2012) Developing Dimension: State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2012 [pdf], Washington, DC: Forest Trends <www.forest-trends.org/publication_details.php?publicationID=3164> [accessed 05 August 2012].
Planet Concern (2012) Project A - Progress report [pdf] [accessed 30 September 2013].
Planet Concern (2013a) Project A [html] [accessed 28 September 2013].
Planet Concern (2013b) Project B – Progress report [pdf] [accessed 20 October 2014].
Planet Concern (2014a) Project A - Progress report [pdf] [accessed 20 October 2014].
Planet Concern (2014b) Project C – Progress report [pdf] [accessed 20 October 2014].
Planet Concern (2014c) Project B – Progress report [pdf] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Planet Concern (2015a) Project B [html] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Planet Concern (2015b) Project A [html] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Planet Concern (2015c) Project C [html] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Raynolds, L.T. (2009) ‘Mainstreaming fair trade coffee: from partnership to traceability’, World Development 37(6): 1083–93 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.10.001>.
Renard, M.C. (2003) ‘Fair trade: quality, market and conventions’, Journal of Rural Studies 19: 87–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00051-7>.
Somarriba, E., Suárez-Islas, A., Calero-Borge, W., Villota, A., Castillo, C., Vílchez, S., Deheuvels, O. and Cerda, R. (2014) ‘Cocoa-timber agroforestry systems: Theobroma cacao-Cordia alliodora in Central America’, Agroforestry Systems 88: 1001–19 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9692-7>.
Spradley, J.P. (1980) Participant Observation, Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Tampe, M. (2016) ‘Leveraging the vertical: the contested dynamics of sustainability standards and labour in global production networks’, British Journal of Industrial Relations <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12204>.
Thornton, P. (2010) Cocoa Production 2020 [presentation], London: Armajaro Group.
Tree kids (2013) FAQ – Schokolade [FAQ – Chocolate; html] [accessed 25 February 2013].
Tscharntke, T., Milder, J.C., Schroth, G., Clough, Y., DeClerck, F., Waldron, A., Rice, R. and Ghazoul, J. (2015) ‘Conserving biodiversity through certification of tropical agroforestry crops at local and landscape scales’, Conservation Letters 8(1): 14–23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12110>.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2008) Cocoa Study: Industry Structures and Competition [pdf] <http://unctad.org/en/Docs/ditccom20081_en.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Utting, P. (2007) ‘CSR and equality’, Third World Quarterly 28(4): 697–712 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436590701336572>.
Barrientos, S. (2002) ‘Mapping codes through the value chain: from researcher to detective’, in R. Jenkins, R. Pearson and G. Seyfang (eds), Corporate Responsibility and Labour Rights. Codes of Conduct in the Global Economy, pp. 61–76, London: Earthscan.
Barrientos, S. (2014) ‘Gendered global production networks: analysis of cocoa–chocolate sourcing’, Regional Studies 48(5): 791–803 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.878799>.
Barrientos, S. and Asenso-Okyere, K. (2009) ‘Cocoa value chain: challenges facing Ghana in a changing global confectionery market’, Journal für Entwicklungspolitik XXV 2-2009: 88–107.
Bitzer, V., Glasbergen, P. and Leroy, P. (2012) ‘Partnerships of a feather flock together? An analysis of the emergence of networks of partnerships in the global cocoa sector’, Global Networks 12(3): 355–74.
Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M. and Robson, K. (2001) Focus Groups in Social Research, London: Sage.
Bolwig, S., Ponte, S., du Toit, A., Riisgaard, L. and Halberg, N. (2010) ‘Integrating poverty and environmental concerns into value-chain analysis: a conceptual framework’, Development Policy Review 28(2): 173–94 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2010.00480.x>.
Candy Industry (2010) ‘What now, Candy World?’ [online] <www.candyindustry.com/articles/83756-what-now-candy-world> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Candy Industry (2017) ‘2017 Global Top 100: Part 1 | Candy Industry’ [online] <www.candyindustry.com/2017-Global-Top-100-Part-1> [accessed 5 February 2017].
Cidell, J.L. and Alberts, H.C. (2006) ‘Constructing quality: the multinational histories of chocolate’, Geoforum 37: 999–1007 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.02.006>.
Doherty, B., Davies, I.A. and Tranchell, S. (2013) ‘Where now for fair trade?’ Business History 55(2): 161–89 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2012.692083>.
Fairtrade Foundation (2011) Fairtrade and Cocoa: Commodity Briefing [pdf] <https://www.fairtrade.net/fileadmin/user_upload/content/2009/resources/2011_Fairtrade_and_cocoa_briefing.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Fold, N. (2000) ‘A matter of good taste? Quality and the construction of standards for chocolate products in the European Union’, Cahiers d’économie et sociologie rurales 55–56: 91–110.
Fountain, A.C. and Hütz-Adams, F. (2015) Cocoa Barometer 2015 [pdf] <www.cocoabarometer.org/Download_files/Cocoa%20Barometer%202015%20Print%20Friendly%20Version.pdf> [accessed 3 October 2015].
Franzen, M. and Borgerhoff Mulder, M. (2007) ‘Ecological, economic and social perspectives on cocoa production worldwide’, Biodiversity Conservation 16: 3835–49 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9183-5>.
Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Research) (2007) Uso de especies maderables tropicales latifoliadas como sombre del cacao (Use of tropical broad-leaf timber species as shade trees for cocoa), Hoja técnica, Mayo 2007, La Lima, Cortés, Honduras: FHIA.
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J. and Sturgeon, T. (2005) ‘The governance of global value chains’, Review of International Political Economy 12(1): 78–104 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805>.
Glin, L.C., Oosterveer, P. and Mol, A.P.J. (2015) ‘Governing the organic cocoa network from Ghana: towards hybrid governance arrangements?’ Journal of Agrarian Change 15(1): 43–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12059>.
Green, M. and Hulme, D. (2005) ‘From correlates and characteristics to causes: thinking about poverty from a chronic poverty perspective’, World Development 33(6): 867–79 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.013>.
Haggar, J. (2013) Supporting Ecosystem Services in Fairtrade Value Chains [pdf], NRI Working Paper Series, London: Twin Trading; Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute <www.nri.org/images/Programmes/climate_change/publications/Jeremy_Haggar_Report_Print_web.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Hainmueller, J., Hiscox, M.J. and Tampe, M. (2011) Sustainable Development for Cocoa Farmers in Ghana. Baseline Survey: Preliminary Report [pdf], Cambridge, MA: MIT and Harvard University <www.cocoaconnect.org/sites/default/files/publication/Hainmueller%20et%20al%20%282011%29%20baseline%20survey%2C%20preliminary%20report.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Henderson, J., Dicken, P., Hess, M., Coe, N.M. and Yeung, H.W.-c. (2002) ‘Global production networks and the analysis of economic development’, Review of International Political Economy 9(3): 436–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290210150842>.
Hess, M. and Yeung, H.W.-c. (2006) ‘Whither global production networks in economic geography? Past, present and future’, Environment and Planning A 38(7): 1193–204 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38463>.
Hickey, S. and Bracking, S. (2005) ‘Exploring the politics of chronic poverty: from representation to a politics of justice?’ World Development 33(6): 851–65 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.012>.
Hoffmann, U. and Grothaus, F. (2015) Assuring Coherence between the Market-Access and Livelihood Impact of Private Sustainability Standards [pdf], UNFSS Discussion Paper 6 <https://unfss.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/unfss-discussion-paper-6-final-28may-2015.pdf> [accessed 11 January 2017].
Hughes, A. (2001) ‘Global commodity networks, ethical trade and governmentality: organizing business responsibility in the Kenyan cut flower industry’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 26(4): 390–406 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5661.00031>.
Hütz-Adams, F. and Fountain, A.C. (2012) Cocoa Barometer 2012 [pdf] <www.suedwind-institut.de/fileadmin/fuerSuedwind/Publikationen/2012/2012-44_Cocoa_Barometer_2012_Druckfreundlich.pdf> [accessed 23 January 2013].
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2012a) Monthly Review of the Cocoa Market Situation: May 2012 [pdf] <www.icco.org/about-us/international-cocoa-agreements/doc_download/253-may-2012.html> [accessed 11 July 2012].
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2012b) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics XXXVIII, No. 4; cocoa year 2011/12, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2014) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XL, No. 3; cocoa year 2013/14, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2015a) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLI No. 1; cocoa year 2014/15, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2015b) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLI No. 3; cocoa year 2014/15, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2016a) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLII, No. 1; cocoa year 2015/16, London: ICCO.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2016b) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLII No. 3; cocoa year 2015/16, London: ICCO.
Iller Chocolate (2012) Nachhaltigkeitsbericht [Sustainability Report; HTML] [accessed 01 October 2013].
Iller Chocolate (2013) Klimaneutralität [Climate neutrality; HTML] [accessed 01 October 2013].
Jorgensen, D.L. (1989) Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies, Applied Social Research Methods Series 15, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Kaplinsky, R. and Morris, M. (2000) A Handbook for Value Chain Research, Brighton, UK: Institute for Development Studies, University of Sussex.
KPMG (2013) Improving Smallholder Livelihoods: Effectiveness of Certification in Coffee, Cocoa and Cotton [pdf] <http://www.sustaineo.org/tl_files/Sustaineo/Improving%20smallholder%20livelihoods%20-%20Effectiveness%20of%20certification%20in%20coffee,cocoa%20and%20cotton_study%20commissioned%20by%20SUSTAINEO.pdf> [accessed 22 May 2015].
Krauss, J.E. (2016) Cocoa Sustainability Initiatives and the Environment: Mapping Stakeholder Priorities and Representations, Doctoral thesis, University of Manchester.
Läderach, P., Eitzinger, A., Martínez, A. and Castro, N. (2011) Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on the Cocoa-Growing Regions in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire [pdf], Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) <www.eenews.net/assets/2011/10/03/document_cw_01.pdf> [accessed 23 March 2013].
Laws, S., with Harper, C. and Marcus, R. (2003) Research for Development: A Practical Guide, London: Sage.
Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View, 2nd edition, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mason, C, and Doherty, B. (2015) ‘A fair trade-off? Paradoxes in the governance of fair-trade social enterprises’, Journal of Business Ethics 136(3): 451–69 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2511-2>.
Mikkelsen, B. (2005) Methods for Development Work and Research: A New Guide for Practitioners, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Morgan, D.L. (1997) Focus Groups as Qualitative Research, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Nelson, V. (2014) ‘Guest editorial: fairtrade impacts’, Food Chain 4(1): 3–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/2046-1887.2014.001>.
Nieburg, O. (2012) ‘Hershey stuns critics with commitment to source 100% certified cocoa by 2020’ [online], Confectionery News <www.confectionerynews.com/Commodities/Hershey-stuns-critics-with-commitment-to-source-100-certified-cocoa-by-2020> [accessed 14 April 2013].
Ofori-Boateng, K. and Insah, B. (2014) ‘The impact of climate change on cocoa production in West Africa’, International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 6(3): 296–314 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2013-0007>.
O’Laughlin, B. (2007) ‘Interpreting institutional discourses’, in A. Thomas and G. Mohan (eds), Research Skills for Policy and Development: How to Find Out Fast, pp. 135–56, London: The Open University.
Pay, E. (2009) The Market for Organic and Fair-Trade Cocoa [pdf], Rome: FAO <www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/organicexports/docs/Market_Organic_FT_Cocoa.pdf> [accessed 06 August 2012].
Peters-Stanley, M. and Hamilton, K. (2012) Developing Dimension: State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2012 [pdf], Washington, DC: Forest Trends <www.forest-trends.org/publication_details.php?publicationID=3164> [accessed 05 August 2012].
Planet Concern (2012) Project A - Progress report [pdf] [accessed 30 September 2013].
Planet Concern (2013a) Project A [html] [accessed 28 September 2013].
Planet Concern (2013b) Project B – Progress report [pdf] [accessed 20 October 2014].
Planet Concern (2014a) Project A - Progress report [pdf] [accessed 20 October 2014].
Planet Concern (2014b) Project C – Progress report [pdf] [accessed 20 October 2014].
Planet Concern (2014c) Project B – Progress report [pdf] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Planet Concern (2015a) Project B [html] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Planet Concern (2015b) Project A [html] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Planet Concern (2015c) Project C [html] [accessed 18 January 2015].
Raynolds, L.T. (2009) ‘Mainstreaming fair trade coffee: from partnership to traceability’, World Development 37(6): 1083–93 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.10.001>.
Renard, M.C. (2003) ‘Fair trade: quality, market and conventions’, Journal of Rural Studies 19: 87–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00051-7>.
Somarriba, E., Suárez-Islas, A., Calero-Borge, W., Villota, A., Castillo, C., Vílchez, S., Deheuvels, O. and Cerda, R. (2014) ‘Cocoa-timber agroforestry systems: Theobroma cacao-Cordia alliodora in Central America’, Agroforestry Systems 88: 1001–19 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9692-7>.
Spradley, J.P. (1980) Participant Observation, Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Tampe, M. (2016) ‘Leveraging the vertical: the contested dynamics of sustainability standards and labour in global production networks’, British Journal of Industrial Relations <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12204>.
Thornton, P. (2010) Cocoa Production 2020 [presentation], London: Armajaro Group.
Tree kids (2013) FAQ – Schokolade [FAQ – Chocolate; html] [accessed 25 February 2013].
Tscharntke, T., Milder, J.C., Schroth, G., Clough, Y., DeClerck, F., Waldron, A., Rice, R. and Ghazoul, J. (2015) ‘Conserving biodiversity through certification of tropical agroforestry crops at local and landscape scales’, Conservation Letters 8(1): 14–23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12110>.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2008) Cocoa Study: Industry Structures and Competition [pdf] <http://unctad.org/en/Docs/ditccom20081_en.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Utting, P. (2007) ‘CSR and equality’, Third World Quarterly 28(4): 697–712 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436590701336572>.
Barrientos, S. (2002) ‘Mapping codes through the value chain: from researcher to detective’, in R. Jenkins, R. Pearson and G. Seyfang (eds), Corporate Responsibility and Labour Rights. Codes of Conduct in the Global Economy, pp. 61–76, London: Earthscan.
Barrientos, S. (2014) ‘Gendered global production networks: analysis of cocoa–chocolate sourcing’, Regional Studies 48(5): 791–803 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.878799>.
Barrientos, S. and Asenso-Okyere, K. (2009) ‘Cocoa value chain: challenges facing Ghana in a changing global confectionery market’, Journal für Entwicklungspolitik XXV 2-2009: 88–107.
Bitzer, V., Glasbergen, P. and Leroy, P. (2012) ‘Partnerships of a feather flock together? An analysis of the emergence of networks of partnerships in the global cocoa sector’, Global Networks 12(3): 355–74.
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Bolwig, S., Ponte, S., du Toit, A., Riisgaard, L. and Halberg, N. (2010) ‘Integrating poverty and environmental concerns into value-chain analysis: a conceptual framework’, Development Policy Review 28(2): 173–94 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2010.00480.x>.
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Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Research) (2007) Uso de especies maderables tropicales latifoliadas como sombre del cacao (Use of tropical broad-leaf timber species as shade trees for cocoa), Hoja técnica, Mayo 2007, La Lima, Cortés, Honduras: FHIA.
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J. and Sturgeon, T. (2005) ‘The governance of global value chains’, Review of International Political Economy 12(1): 78–104 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805>.
Glin, L.C., Oosterveer, P. and Mol, A.P.J. (2015) ‘Governing the organic cocoa network from Ghana: towards hybrid governance arrangements?’ Journal of Agrarian Change 15(1): 43–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12059>.
Green, M. and Hulme, D. (2005) ‘From correlates and characteristics to causes: thinking about poverty from a chronic poverty perspective’, World Development 33(6): 867–79 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.013>.
Haggar, J. (2013) Supporting Ecosystem Services in Fairtrade Value Chains [pdf], NRI Working Paper Series, London: Twin Trading; Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute <www.nri.org/images/Programmes/climate_change/publications/Jeremy_Haggar_Report_Print_web.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
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Hickey, S. and Bracking, S. (2005) ‘Exploring the politics of chronic poverty: from representation to a politics of justice?’ World Development 33(6): 851–65 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.012>.
Hoffmann, U. and Grothaus, F. (2015) Assuring Coherence between the Market-Access and Livelihood Impact of Private Sustainability Standards [pdf], UNFSS Discussion Paper 6 <https://unfss.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/unfss-discussion-paper-6-final-28may-2015.pdf> [accessed 11 January 2017].
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Hütz-Adams, F. and Fountain, A.C. (2012) Cocoa Barometer 2012 [pdf] <www.suedwind-institut.de/fileadmin/fuerSuedwind/Publikationen/2012/2012-44_Cocoa_Barometer_2012_Druckfreundlich.pdf> [accessed 23 January 2013].
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Jorgensen, D.L. (1989) Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies, Applied Social Research Methods Series 15, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
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Mikkelsen, B. (2005) Methods for Development Work and Research: A New Guide for Practitioners, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Morgan, D.L. (1997) Focus Groups as Qualitative Research, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Nelson, V. (2014) ‘Guest editorial: fairtrade impacts’, Food Chain 4(1): 3–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/2046-1887.2014.001>.
Nieburg, O. (2012) ‘Hershey stuns critics with commitment to source 100% certified cocoa by 2020’ [online], Confectionery News <www.confectionerynews.com/Commodities/Hershey-stuns-critics-with-commitment-to-source-100-certified-cocoa-by-2020> [accessed 14 April 2013].
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Renard, M.C. (2003) ‘Fair trade: quality, market and conventions’, Journal of Rural Studies 19: 87–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00051-7>.
Somarriba, E., Suárez-Islas, A., Calero-Borge, W., Villota, A., Castillo, C., Vílchez, S., Deheuvels, O. and Cerda, R. (2014) ‘Cocoa-timber agroforestry systems: Theobroma cacao-Cordia alliodora in Central America’, Agroforestry Systems 88: 1001–19 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9692-7>.
Spradley, J.P. (1980) Participant Observation, Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Tampe, M. (2016) ‘Leveraging the vertical: the contested dynamics of sustainability standards and labour in global production networks’, British Journal of Industrial Relations <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12204>.
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Tscharntke, T., Milder, J.C., Schroth, G., Clough, Y., DeClerck, F., Waldron, A., Rice, R. and Ghazoul, J. (2015) ‘Conserving biodiversity through certification of tropical agroforestry crops at local and landscape scales’, Conservation Letters 8(1): 14–23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12110>.
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Barrientos, S. and Asenso-Okyere, K. (2009) ‘Cocoa value chain: challenges facing Ghana in a changing global confectionery market’, Journal für Entwicklungspolitik XXV 2-2009: 88–107.
Bitzer, V., Glasbergen, P. and Leroy, P. (2012) ‘Partnerships of a feather flock together? An analysis of the emergence of networks of partnerships in the global cocoa sector’, Global Networks 12(3): 355–74.
Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M. and Robson, K. (2001) Focus Groups in Social Research, London: Sage.
Bolwig, S., Ponte, S., du Toit, A., Riisgaard, L. and Halberg, N. (2010) ‘Integrating poverty and environmental concerns into value-chain analysis: a conceptual framework’, Development Policy Review 28(2): 173–94 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2010.00480.x>.
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Doherty, B., Davies, I.A. and Tranchell, S. (2013) ‘Where now for fair trade?’ Business History 55(2): 161–89 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2012.692083>.
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Franzen, M. and Borgerhoff Mulder, M. (2007) ‘Ecological, economic and social perspectives on cocoa production worldwide’, Biodiversity Conservation 16: 3835–49 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9183-5>.
Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Research) (2007) Uso de especies maderables tropicales latifoliadas como sombre del cacao (Use of tropical broad-leaf timber species as shade trees for cocoa), Hoja técnica, Mayo 2007, La Lima, Cortés, Honduras: FHIA.
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J. and Sturgeon, T. (2005) ‘The governance of global value chains’, Review of International Political Economy 12(1): 78–104 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290500049805>.
Glin, L.C., Oosterveer, P. and Mol, A.P.J. (2015) ‘Governing the organic cocoa network from Ghana: towards hybrid governance arrangements?’ Journal of Agrarian Change 15(1): 43–64 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12059>.
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Haggar, J. (2013) Supporting Ecosystem Services in Fairtrade Value Chains [pdf], NRI Working Paper Series, London: Twin Trading; Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute <www.nri.org/images/Programmes/climate_change/publications/Jeremy_Haggar_Report_Print_web.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
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Hickey, S. and Bracking, S. (2005) ‘Exploring the politics of chronic poverty: from representation to a politics of justice?’ World Development 33(6): 851–65 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.012>.
Hoffmann, U. and Grothaus, F. (2015) Assuring Coherence between the Market-Access and Livelihood Impact of Private Sustainability Standards [pdf], UNFSS Discussion Paper 6 <https://unfss.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/unfss-discussion-paper-6-final-28may-2015.pdf> [accessed 11 January 2017].
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Hütz-Adams, F. and Fountain, A.C. (2012) Cocoa Barometer 2012 [pdf] <www.suedwind-institut.de/fileadmin/fuerSuedwind/Publikationen/2012/2012-44_Cocoa_Barometer_2012_Druckfreundlich.pdf> [accessed 23 January 2013].
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International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) (2015b) Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLI No. 3; cocoa year 2014/15, London: ICCO.
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Jorgensen, D.L. (1989) Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies, Applied Social Research Methods Series 15, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Kaplinsky, R. and Morris, M. (2000) A Handbook for Value Chain Research, Brighton, UK: Institute for Development Studies, University of Sussex.
KPMG (2013) Improving Smallholder Livelihoods: Effectiveness of Certification in Coffee, Cocoa and Cotton [pdf] <http://www.sustaineo.org/tl_files/Sustaineo/Improving%20smallholder%20livelihoods%20-%20Effectiveness%20of%20certification%20in%20coffee,cocoa%20and%20cotton_study%20commissioned%20by%20SUSTAINEO.pdf> [accessed 22 May 2015].
Krauss, J.E. (2016) Cocoa Sustainability Initiatives and the Environment: Mapping Stakeholder Priorities and Representations, Doctoral thesis, University of Manchester.
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Lukes, S. (2005) Power: A Radical View, 2nd edition, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mason, C, and Doherty, B. (2015) ‘A fair trade-off? Paradoxes in the governance of fair-trade social enterprises’, Journal of Business Ethics 136(3): 451–69 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2511-2>.
Mikkelsen, B. (2005) Methods for Development Work and Research: A New Guide for Practitioners, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Morgan, D.L. (1997) Focus Groups as Qualitative Research, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Nelson, V. (2014) ‘Guest editorial: fairtrade impacts’, Food Chain 4(1): 3–6 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/2046-1887.2014.001>.
Nieburg, O. (2012) ‘Hershey stuns critics with commitment to source 100% certified cocoa by 2020’ [online], Confectionery News <www.confectionerynews.com/Commodities/Hershey-stuns-critics-with-commitment-to-source-100-certified-cocoa-by-2020> [accessed 14 April 2013].
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O’Laughlin, B. (2007) ‘Interpreting institutional discourses’, in A. Thomas and G. Mohan (eds), Research Skills for Policy and Development: How to Find Out Fast, pp. 135–56, London: The Open University.
Pay, E. (2009) The Market for Organic and Fair-Trade Cocoa [pdf], Rome: FAO <www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/organicexports/docs/Market_Organic_FT_Cocoa.pdf> [accessed 06 August 2012].
Peters-Stanley, M. and Hamilton, K. (2012) Developing Dimension: State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2012 [pdf], Washington, DC: Forest Trends <www.forest-trends.org/publication_details.php?publicationID=3164> [accessed 05 August 2012].
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Raynolds, L.T. (2009) ‘Mainstreaming fair trade coffee: from partnership to traceability’, World Development 37(6): 1083–93 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.10.001>.
Renard, M.C. (2003) ‘Fair trade: quality, market and conventions’, Journal of Rural Studies 19: 87–96 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00051-7>.
Somarriba, E., Suárez-Islas, A., Calero-Borge, W., Villota, A., Castillo, C., Vílchez, S., Deheuvels, O. and Cerda, R. (2014) ‘Cocoa-timber agroforestry systems: Theobroma cacao-Cordia alliodora in Central America’, Agroforestry Systems 88: 1001–19 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9692-7>.
Spradley, J.P. (1980) Participant Observation, Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Tampe, M. (2016) ‘Leveraging the vertical: the contested dynamics of sustainability standards and labour in global production networks’, British Journal of Industrial Relations <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12204>.
Thornton, P. (2010) Cocoa Production 2020 [presentation], London: Armajaro Group.
Tree kids (2013) FAQ – Schokolade [FAQ – Chocolate; html] [accessed 25 February 2013].
Tscharntke, T., Milder, J.C., Schroth, G., Clough, Y., DeClerck, F., Waldron, A., Rice, R. and Ghazoul, J. (2015) ‘Conserving biodiversity through certification of tropical agroforestry crops at local and landscape scales’, Conservation Letters 8(1): 14–23 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12110>.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2008) Cocoa Study: Industry Structures and Competition [pdf] <http://unctad.org/en/Docs/ditccom20081_en.pdf> [accessed 8 June 2017].
Utting, P. (2007) ‘CSR and equality’, Third World Quarterly 28(4): 697–712 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436590701336572>.
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