In recent years, a number of countries in Asia have established 'second-tier' or 'wholesale' microfinance institutions to channel funds from the government and/or donor agencies to individual 'retail' microfinance institutions (MFIs) at concessional interest rates. The largest of these
is the Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) in Bangladesh, but second-tier institutions are also major players in India, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and Thailand. This article reviews the experience of second-tier microfinance institutions in a number of countries in Asia. It finds that such
institutions can be a very effective means for governments and donor agencies to channel support to MFIs. It is more efficient for one institution to monitor and evaluate MFIs than for different governments and donor agencies to conduct their own analyses. Perhaps most importantly, second-tier
institutions can also contribute significantly to a more efficient microfinance sector by setting and enforcing appropriate performance and reporting standards.

Regulation of microfinance NGOs

Jackson, Kenneth E.

Islam, Tazul

International Journal of Rural Management, Vol. 1 (2005), Iss. 1 P.45

https://doi.org/10.1177/097306800400100103 [Citations: 7]

Policy and regulation for sustainable microfinance: country experiences in Asia

McGuire, Paul B.

Journal of International Development, Vol. 11 (1999), Iss. 5 P.717

https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1328(199907/08)11:5<717::AID-JID587>3.0.CO;2-H [Citations: 14]